scholarly journals Electricity Production from Marine Water by Sulfide-Driven Fuel Cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Venko Beschkov ◽  
Elena Razkazova-Velkova ◽  
Martin Martinov ◽  
Stefan Stefanov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Electrochemical Parameters ◽  
Closed Water

While there is a universal trend to replace fossil fuels at least partially, renewable fuels seem to impose new solutions. Hydrogen sulfide, typical for closed water ponds such as the Black Sea, seems to offer one namely, a new sulfide-driven fuel cell providing for exchange of OH− anions across the membrane by use of hydrogen sulfide in natural marine water. When tested in batch and continuous operation modes, this solution showed that the initial sulfide concentration needed to achieve results of practical value was within 200 to 300 mg dm−3. The predominating final products of the energy production process were sulfite and sulfate ions. Very low overpotentials and mass transfer resistances were observed. The mass balance and the electrochemical parameters showed about 30% efficiency in sulfate ions as the final product. Efforts should be made to enhance sulfide to sulfate conversion. The observed current and power density were comparable and even better than some of the results so far reported for similar systems. Three types of ion exchange membranes were tested. Comparison of their ion conductivity to literature data shows good performance. At higher initial sulfide concentrations polysulfides and thio-compounds were formed with considerably low current yield.

scholarly journals Performance of Sulfide-Driven Fuel Cell Aerated by Venturi Tube Ejector

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Venko N. Beschkov ◽  
Elena N. Razkazova-Velkova ◽  
Martin S. Martinov ◽  
Stefan M. Stefanov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Pure Graphite

Hydrogen sulfide is frequently met in natural waters, like mineral springs, but mostly it is found in marine water with low renewal rate. The Black Sea has extremely high hydrogen sulfide content. It can be utilized in different ways, but the most promising one is direct conversion into electricity. This result can be attained by a sulfide-driven fuel cell (SDFC), converting sulfide to sulfate thus releasing electric energy up to 24 GJ/t. One of the most important problems is the mass transfer limitation on oxygen transfer in the cathode space of the fuel cell. This problem can be solved using a gas diffusion electrode or highly efficient saturation by oxygen in an ejector of the Venturi tube type. This work presents experimental data in laboratory-scale SDFC for sulfide conversion into sulfate, sulfite and polysulfide releasing different amounts of electric energy. Two types of aeration are tested: direct air blow and Venturi-tube ejector. Besides pure graphite, two catalysts, i.e., cobalt spinel and zirconia-doped graphite were tested as anodes. Experiments were carried out at initial sulfide concentrations from 50 to 300 mg/L. Sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate ions were detected in the outlet solutions from the fuel cell. The electrochemical results show good agreement with the chemical analyses. Most of the results show attained high efficiencies of the fuel cell, i.e. up to 80%. The practical applications of this method can be extended for other purposes, like treatment of polluted water together with utilization as energy.

scholarly journals Dynamic Simulation of Carbonate Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory A. Roberts ◽  
Jack Brouwer ◽  
Eric Liese ◽  
Randall S. Gemmen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Carbonate Fuel Cell

Hybrid fuel cell/gas turbine systems provide an efficient means of producing electricity from fossil fuels with ultra low emissions. However, there are many significant challenges involved in integrating the fuel cell with the gas turbine and other components of this type of system. The fuel cell and the gas turbine must maintain efficient operation and electricity production while protecting equipment during perturbations that may occur when the system is connected to the utility grid or in stand-alone mode. This paper presents recent dynamic simulation results from two laboratories focused on developing tools to aid in the design and dynamic analyses of hybrid fuel cell systems. The simulation results present the response of a carbonate fuel cell/gas turbine, or molten carbonate fuel cell/gas turbine, (MCFC/GT) hybrid system to a load demand perturbation. Initial results suggest that creative control strategies will be needed to ensure a flexible system with wide turndown and robust dynamic operation.

scholarly journals Dynamic Simulation of Carbonate Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory A. Roberts ◽  
Jack Brouwer ◽  
Eric Liese ◽  
Randall S. Gemmen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Carbonate Fuel Cell

Hybrid fuel cell/gas turbine systems provide an efficient means of producing electricity from fossil fuels with ultra low emissions. However, there are many significant challenges involved in integrating the fuel cell with the gas turbine and other components of this type of system. The fuel cell and the gas turbine must maintain efficient operation and electricity production while protecting equipment during perturbations that may occur when the system is connected to the utility grid or in stand-alone mode. This paper presents recent dynamic simulation results from two laboratories focused on developing tools to aid in the design and dynamic analyses of hybrid fuel cell systems. The simulation results present the response of a carbonate fuel cell/gas turbine, or molten carbonate fuel cell/gas turbine, (MCFC/GT) hybrid system to a load demand perturbation. Initial results suggest that creative control strategies will be needed to ensure a flexible system with wide turndown and robust dynamic operation.

scholarly journals Electricity Production Using Plant–Microbial Fuel Cell (P-MFC)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
B. S. Shilpa ◽  
H. S. Dayananda ◽  
P. Girish ◽  
K. Arun Kumar ◽  
T. C. Bhoomika
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Plant Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The current climate change threat by green house gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels has necessitated a search for alternative non-polluting, reliable, renewable and sustainable sources of energy such as solar energy and it’s derivatives. The present work focuses on power generation by Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell using Phragmitesaustralis (Reed plant). The plants were grown in fuel-cell, graphite as anode and carbon felt as cathode, separated by proton-exchange-membrane. During anaerobic microbial metabolism of carbohydrates in the roots, protons and electrons are released, the electrons are donated to the anode by the microbes. These electrons can be channeled through a circuit bearing a load to the cathode. In this work, carbon granules as substratum (control), red soil and carbon granules mixture (30:70) as substratum in varied condition was considered. For control substratum, the max.voltage measured was 0.327 V and power density of 2.06x10-3 mW m-2 was obtained. When red soil mixed with carbon granules in the ratio 30:70, the voltage measured was 0.6 V and the power density was found to be 3.78x10-3 mW m-2. When graded red soil (0.0018 m) mixed with carbon granules in the ratio 30:70, the voltage measured was 0.623 V and the power density was found to be 3.98x10-3 mW m-2. The result proves that the plant microbial fuel cell can be used for generating electricity and is a promising renewable energy technology.

Electricity Production from Dual Chambers Microbial Fuel Cell Fed with Chicken Manure-Wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ali J. Jaeel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Resistance Value

Chicken manure wastewaters are increasingly being considered a valuable resource of organic compounds. Screened chicken manure was evaluated as a representative solid organic waste. In this study, electricity generation from livestock wastewater (chicken manure) was investigated in a continuous mediator-less horizontal flow microbial fuel cell with graphite electrodes and a selective type of membrane separating the anodic and cathodic compartments of MFC from each other. The performance of MFC was evaluated to livestock wastewater using aged anaerobic sludge. Results revealed that COD and BOD removal efficiencies were up to 88% and 82%, respectively. At an external resistance value of 150 Ω, a maximum power and current densities of 278 m.W/m2 and 683 mA/m2, respectively were obtained, hence MFC utilizing livestock wastewater would be a sustainable and reliable source of bio-energy generation .

scholarly journals PSIX-9 Impacts of bunk management on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, hydrogen sulfide concentration and blood oxygen saturation in steers fed 25 or 50% modified distillers grains plus solubles

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Moore ◽  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Leslie A LeKatz ◽  
Bryan W Neville
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Arterial Blood

Abstract One hundred and twenty-six yearling angus steers (initial body weight 445.87 ± 7.13 kg) were utilized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to evaluate the impacts of bunk management and modified distillers grains plus solubles (mDGS) inclusion on feedlot performance, hydrogen sulfide concentrations and blood oxygen saturation. Treatments included bunk management strategy either control bunk management (CON; clean bunks at the time of next day’s feeding) or long bunk management (LONG; feed remaining at time of next day’s feeding), and two inclusion rates of mDGS either 25% or 50% (DM Basis). On d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 rumen gas samples were collected via rumenocentesis, and arterial blood samples were collected on two steers from each pen. No differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed for dry matter intake, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio for bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score and quality grade were not affected (P ≥ 0.48) by either bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Back fat was greater (P = 0.04) for CON steers compared to LONG (1.30 vs 1.12 ± 0.05cm, respectively), but was not affected (P = 0.59) by mDGS inclusion. Steers on CON had greater (P = 0.03) yield grades compared to LONG (3.21 vs 2.96 ± 0.11, respectively). Bunk management strategy did not impact hydrogen sulfide concentrations or blood oxygen saturation (P = 0.82). Hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased (P < 0.001) with increasing mDGS inclusion. Blood oxygen saturation was influenced by day of sampling (P = 0.01). Blood oxygen saturation was not affected (P = 0.07) by mDGS inclusion. The fact that ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased while blood oxygen saturation remained similar raises questions about the quantity of hydrogen sulfide and metabolic fate of excess hydrogen sulfide in the blood of ruminant animals.

scholarly journals Laminar Burning Velocity of Biogas-Containing Mixtures. A Literature Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Venera Giurcan ◽  
Codina Movileanu ◽  
Adina Magdalena Musuc ◽  
Maria Mitu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Laminar Burning Velocity ◽  
Waste Products

Currently, the use of fossil fuels is very high and existing nature reserves are rapidly depleted. Therefore, researchers are turning their attention to find renewable fuels that have a low impact on the environment, to replace these fossil fuels. Biogas is a low-cost alternative, sustainable, renewable fuel existing worldwide. It can be produced by decomposition of vegetation or waste products of human and animal biological activity. This process is performed by microorganisms (such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria) by anaerobic digestion. Biogas can serve as a basis for heat and electricity production used for domestic heating and cooking. It can be also used to feed internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel cells, or cogeneration systems. In this paper, a comprehensive literature study regarding the laminar burning velocity of biogas-containing mixtures is presented. This study aims to characterize the use of biogas as IC (internal combustion) engine fuel, and to develop efficient safety recommendations and to predict and reduce the risk of fires and accidental explosions caused by biogas.

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