scholarly journals Structural Health Monitoring and Interface Damage Detection for Infill Reinforced Concrete Walls in Seismic Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Piezoceramic-Based Transducers Under the Cyclic Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-I Liao ◽  
Fu-Pei Hsiao ◽  
Chien-Kuo Chiu ◽  
Chin-En Ho
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Interface Failure ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Interface Damage

In this work, the piezoceramic-based transducers are used to perform the structural health monitoring (SHM) and interface damage detecting of non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames retrofitted by post-installed RC walls. In order to develop the post-embedded piezoceramic-based transducers that can be used to identify interface failure or cracks between two structural members in retrofit construction, this work adopts the cyclic loading to test two specimens with post-embedded piezoceramic-based transducers (PPT). Since the failure of an interface between the post-installed wall and beam occurs, one of the specimens has damage in the foundation and existing boundary column and the other has damage in the top ends of column and wall. During the cyclic loading test, one transducer was used as an actuator to generate the stress waves and the other transducers were used as the sensors to detect the waves. In damaged specimens, the existence and locations of cracks and the interface damage can be detected by analyzing the wave response. Moreover, the severity of damage to the specimens can also be estimated. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the piezoceramic-based approach in the SHM and locating damage in shear-critical RC structural members under the seismic loading.

Structural Health Monitoring for Local Damages of RC Walls Using Piezoceramic-Based Sensors Under Seismic Loading

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-I Liao ◽  
Wen-Yu Jean
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Seismic Loading ◽  
The Other ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Structural Health

Structural health monitoring of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under seismic loads have recently attracted dramatic attention in the earthquake engineering research community. In this study, reversed cyclic loading test of structural health monitoring of RC shear walls using piezoceramic (PZT)-based sensors are presented. The piezoceramic-based sensors called “smart aggregate (SA)”, was pre-embedded before casting of concrete and adopted for the structural health monitoring of the RC shear wall under seismic loading. Two RC walls were adopted in this test, one is the wall having damages in the boundary columns and foundation of the specimen, and the other is the wall having damages in the upper part of the wall panel. During the test, SAs embedded in the foundation were used as actuators to generate propagating waves, and the other selected SAs were used to detect the waves. By analyzing the wave response, the existence and locations of cracks and damages can be detected and the severity can be estimated. The experimental results demonstrate the sensitiveness and the effectiveness of the piezoceramic-based approach in the structural health monitoring and the identification of damage locations of shear governed concrete structures under seismic loading.

Federal Aviation Administration’s Probability of Detection Testing Results for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Swindell ◽  
Danielle Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been participating with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Industry Steering Committee (AISC) to develop a methodology for calculating the Probability of Detection (POD) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for damage detection on commercial aviation. Two POD methodologies were developed: one by Dr. William Meeker, Iowa State University, and the other by Dennis Roach, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). With Dr. Seth Kessler, Metis Design Corp, a test program of 24 samples of aluminum strips to be fatigued on MTS machines was developed. The samples were designed to meet the ASTM E647. Twelve samples had two SHM modalities on the front and back from Metis (PZT and carbon nanotubes), and the other twelve had SHM sensors from Structural Monitoring Systems (SMS) (comparative vacuum monitoring – CVM) and Acellent Technologies (PZT). The tests were performed at the FAA William J Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, NJ. The samples were cycled every 1500 cycles and then stopped for SHM data collection. Once the crack exceeded 0.125 inches and provided for a minimum of 15 inspections, a new sample was tested until all 12 samples were completed. The data was provided to each company to be set up in the format needed to run through the POD methodologies. Then the data was provided to Dr. Meeker and Dr. Roach for analysis. This paper will provide the results of those tests.

Reliability of reinforced concrete beams in serviceability limit state via microprestress-solidification theory, a structural health monitoring strategy

2022 ◽  
pp. 146442072110690
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghabdian ◽  
Seyed BB Aval ◽  
Mohammad Noori ◽  
Wael A Altabey
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Nonlinear Creep ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Serviceability Limit State

An important and critical area within the broad domain of structural health monitoring, as related to reinforced civil and mechanical structures, is the assessment of creep, shrinkage, and high-temperature effects on reliability and serviceability. Unfortunately, the monitoring and impact of these inherent mechanical characteristics and behaviors, and subsequent impact on serviceability, have rarely been considered in the literature in structural health monitoring. In this paper, the microprestress-solidification creep theory for beams is generalized for the simultaneous effect of linear/nonlinear creep, shrinkage, and high temperature in a reliability framework. This study conducts a systematic time-dependent procedure for the reliability analysis of structures using a powerful nanoscale method. It must be noted that this paper aims to extend the previously developed microprestress-solidification method in a health monitoring reliability-based framework with a close look at a nonlinear creep, parameters affecting creep, and long-time high temperature. A finite element approach is proposed where creep, shrinkage, temperature, and cracking are considered using strain splitting theory. First, the model performance was evaluated by comparing the results with the experimental test available in the literature in the case of creep and shrinkage. Then, the simultaneous effect of creep, shrinkage, and temperature was compared with experimental results obtained by the authors. Reliability analysis was applied to reinforced concrete beams subjected to sustained gravity loading and uniform temperature history in order to calculate exceedance probability in the serviceability limit state. It was found that the exceedance probability of reinforced concrete beams was dependent on the shear span-to-depth ratio. In the serviceability limit state, exceedance probabilities of 0.012 and 0.157 were calculated for the span-to-depth ratios of 1 and 5, respectively. In addition, it was shown that temperature plays an important role in the reliability of reinforced concrete beams. A 4.27-fold increase was observed in the case of moderate to high temperature. Finally, for three different load levels of 40%, 70%, and 80%, the exceedance probabilities were 0.156, 0.328, and 0.527, respectively, suggesting that load level is another key parameter affecting the reliability of reinforced concrete beams. It is thus concluded these fundamental phenomenological studies should be further considered as part of the broad field of structural health monitoring.

Feature Engineering for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
Esraa Elhariri ◽  
Nashwa El-Bendary ◽  
Shereen A. Taie
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feature Engineering ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Computational Perspective

Feature engineering is a key component contributing to the performance of the computer vision pipeline. It is fundamental to several computer vision tasks such as object recognition, image retrieval, and image segmentation. On the other hand, the emerging technology of structural health monitoring (SHM) paved the way for spotting continuous tracking of structural damage. Damage detection and severity recognition in the structural buildings and constructions are issues of great importance as the various types of damages represent an essential indicator of building and construction durability. In this chapter, the authors connect the feature engineering with SHM processes through illustrating the concept of SHM from a computational perspective, with a focus on various types of data and feature engineering methods as well as applications and open venues for further research. Challenges to be addressed and future directions of research are presented and an extensive survey of state-of-the-art studies is also included.

Smart self-sensory carbon-based textile reinforced concrete structures for structural health monitoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 147592172095112
Author(s):  
Lidor Yosef ◽  
Yiska Goldfeld
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Textile Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Gage Factor ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Monitoring Procedure ◽  
Loading Procedure

The goal of this study is to develop a structural health monitoring methodology for smart self-sensory carbon-based textile reinforced concrete elements. The self-sensory concept is based on measuring the electrical resistance change in the carbon roving reinforcement and by means of an engineering gage factor, correlating the relative electrical resistance change to an integral value of strain along the location of the roving. The concept of the nonlinear engineering gage factor that captures the unique micro-structural mechanism of the roving within the concrete matrix is demonstrated and validated. The estimated value of strain is compared to a theoretical value calculated by assuming a healthy state. The amount of discrepancy between the two strain values makes it possible to indicate and distinguish between the structural states. The study experimentally demonstrates the engineering gage factor concept and the structural health monitoring procedure by mechanically loading two textile reinforced concrete beams, one by a monotonic loading procedure and the other by a cyclic loading procedure. It is presented that the proposed structural health monitoring procedure succeeded in estimating the strain and in clearly distinguishing between the structural states.

scholarly journals Condition assessment of reinforced concrete beams – Comparing digital image analysis with optic fibre Bragg gratings

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 06011
Author(s):  
Elsabe Kearsley ◽  
SW Jacobsz
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Bragg Gratings ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Concrete Elements

Reinforced concrete is the most widely used construction material and thus effective condition assessment of reinforced concrete elements forms a significant part of structural health monitoring. An effective structural health monitoring system should be able to give the owner prior warning that structural elements are reaching conditions approaching either serviceability or ultimate limit states. The aim of this investigation is to compare strain data recorded during load testing of a reinforced concrete beam using Fibre optic Bragg Gratings (FBG) and a photographic technique to determine circumstances most suitable for the use of each of the techniques. The test results indicate that FBG sensors can be used to detect small strains as well as large strains in uncracked concrete elements, while optical images can be used to accurately map crack development over the surface area of the structure.

Durability of Embedded PZTs in Structural Health Monitoring Systems under Cyclic Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Yoo ◽  
Akbar Afaghi Khatibi ◽  
Everson Kandare
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Service Conditions

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems are developed to decrease the maintenance cost and increase the life of engineering structures by fundamentally changing the way structural inspections are performed. However, this important objective can only be achieved through the consistent and predictable performance of a SHM system under different service conditions. The capability of a Piezoelectric lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-based SHM system in detecting structural flaws strongly depends on the sensor signals as well as actuator performance. But service conditions can change the behaviour of transducers, raising questions about long term SHM system capability. Although having a clear understanding of the reliable sensor life is important for surface mounted systems, however, this is particularly critical for embedded sensors. This is due to the fact that opportunity for replacement of sensors exists for surface bonded transducers while for the embedded systems, sensor replacement is not straightforward. Therefore, knowledge of the long term behaviour of embedded-SHM systems is critical for their implementation. This paper reports a study on the degradation of embedded PZT transducers under cyclic loadings. Carbon/epoxy laminates with an embedded PZT were subjected to fatigue loading and their performance was monitored using Scanning Laser Vibrometery (SLV). The functionality of PZT transducers under sensing and actuating modes were studied. High and low cycle fatigue tests were performed to establish strain-voltage relationships which can be used to identify critical cyclic loading parameters (number of cycles and R value) under sensing and actuating modes.

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