scholarly journals Opportunities for Integrating Underground Railways into Low Carbon Urban Energy Networks: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Lagoeiro ◽  
Akos Revesz ◽  
Gareth Davies ◽  
Graeme Maidment ◽  
Daniel Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Secondary Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The Many

Cities demand vast amounts of energy for their everyday operation, resulting in significant degradation of energy in the form of heat in the urban environment. This leads to high cooling requirements in cities, while also presenting the opportunity to reuse such waste heat in order to provide low-carbon heating for buildings and processes. Among the many potential energy sources that could be exploited in urban areas, underground railway tunnels are particularly attractive, as the operation of the trains produce considerable amounts of heat throughout the year. This paper reviews how secondary energy sources in urban areas can be integrated into heating and cooling networks, with emphasis on underground rail tunnels. This involves investigating potential urban waste heat sources and the existing state-of-the-art technologies that could be applied to efficiently recover this secondary energy, as well as analyzing how district heating and cooling networks have been a key mechanism to allow for a smooth transition from current fossil fuel based to future low-carbon energy sources.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of a District Sharing Strategy on Application Capacity and Carbon Emissions for Heating and Cooling with GSHP Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5543
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
He Qi ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zhonghua Zhang ◽  
Xi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Sharing Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
The Impact

To meet long-term climate change targets, the way that heating and cooling are generated and distributed has to be changed to achieve a supply of affordable, secure and low-carbon energy for all buildings and infrastructures. Among the possible renewable sources of energy, ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems can be an effective low-carbon solution that is compatible with district heating and cooling in urban areas. There are no location restrictions for this technology, and underground energy sources are stable for long-term use. According to a previous study, buildings in urban areas have demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity in terms of their capacity to demand (C/D) ratio under the application of GSHP due to variations in heating demand and available space. If a spatial sharing strategy can be developed to allow the surplus geothermal capacity to be shared with neighbors, the heating and cooling demands of a greater number of buildings in an area can be satisfied, thus achieving a city with lower carbon emissions. In this study, a GSHP district system model was developed with a specific embedding sharing strategy for the application of GSHP. Two sharing strategies were proposed in this study: (i) Strategy 1 involved individual systems with borehole sharing, and (ii) Strategy 2 was a central district system. Three districts in London were selected to compare the performance of the developed models on the C/D ratio, required borehole number and carbon emissions. According to the comparison analysis, both strategies were able to enhance the GSHP application capacity and increase the savings of carbon emissions. However, the improvement levels were shown to be different. A greater number of building types and a higher variety in building types with larger differentiation in heating and cooling demands can contribute to a better district sharing performance. In addition, it was found that these two sharing strategies were applicable to different kinds of districts.

scholarly journals Report on a Plus-Energy District with Low-Temperature DHC Network, Novel Agrothermal Heat Source, and Applied Demand Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Brennenstuhl ◽  
Robin Zeh ◽  
Robert Otto ◽  
Ruben Pesch ◽  
Volker Stockinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating And Cooling

District heating and cooling networks can pose the possibility of including a variety of renewable energy sources as well as waste heat into a district’s heat supply concept. Unfortunately, low demand densities as they increasingly occur through higher building energy standards and in rural areas render conventional heating and cooling networks inefficient. At the same time, power-to-heat is becoming more and more important to make use of a larger amount of renewable energy sources on the electrical side by providing more flexibility by means of demand response and demand-side management. Within this work, a rural Plus-Energy settlement is presented addressing those topics by a low-temperature district heating and cooling network connected to a novel agrothermal collector supplying 23 residential buildings with decentralized heat pumps and PV systems. The collector, the network, and six of the buildings are equipped with comprehensive monitoring equipment. Within those buildings, forecast and optimization algorithms are implemented to adapt their heat pump operation to enable an increase of self-consumption, to include flexible electricity tariffs, and also to participate in power markets. Thereby, for the low-temperature district heating and cooling network, it has been shown that the concept can operate in the future at competitive heat costs. On the building level, up to 50% of cost savings could be achieved under ideal conditions with the optimization of the self-consumption of PV electricity. However, to ensure optimal results, the individual system components have to be dimensioned for this task.

scholarly journals Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Kauko ◽  
Daniel Rohde ◽  
Armin Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Medium Temperature

District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This study evaluates a local heating network being planned for a new building area in Trondheim, Norway, with waste heat available from a nearby ice skating rink. Two alternative supply temperature levels have been evaluated with dynamic simulations: low temperature (40 °C), with direct utilization of waste heat and decentralized domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps; and medium temperature (70 °C), applying a centralized heat pump to lift the temperature of the waste heat. The local network will be connected to the primary district heating network to cover the remaining heat demand. The simulation results show that with a medium temperature supply, the peak power demand is up to three times higher than with a low temperature supply. This results from the fact that the centralized heat pump lifts the temperature for the entire network, including space and DHW heating demands. With a low temperature supply, heat pumps are applied only for DHW production, which enables a low and even electricity demand. On the other hand, with a low temperature supply, the district heating demand is high in the wintertime, in particular if the waste heat temperature is low. The choice of a suitable supply temperature level for a local heating network is hence strongly dependent on the temperature of the available waste heat, but also on the costs and emissions related to the production of district heating and electricity in the different seasons.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of the biomethane opposite with the CHP technology of biogas by definite plant size

2013 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Ilona Barta-Juhász
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Emission Reduction Strategies ◽  
Cleaning Technology

The biogas sector has never before aroused so much attention as it does today. Combined heat and power (CHP) reliable and cost-effective technologies that are already making an important contribution to meeting global heat and electricity demand. Due to enhanced energy supply efficiency and utilisation of waste heat renewable energy resources, CHP, particularly together with district heating and cooling (DHC), is an important part of national and regional Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction strategies. During my work I am going to use the basic data of a certain biogas plant than I assemble one model from that. Against the CHP technology I am going to plan a biogas cleaning-equipment. During my research it revealed, that in the case of a 1 MW output power plant it is not worthy to deal with biogas cleaning between national conditions. Investigating the quantity of heat recovery in the CHP technology it is obvious, that the net income at 1 m3 biogas is at least 72 times more than the cleaning technology (heat recovery is 0%).

Feasibility limits of using low-grade industrial waste heat in symbiotic district heating and cooling networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Santin ◽  
Damiana Chinese ◽  
Alessandra De Angelis ◽  
Markus Biberacher
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Industrial Waste Heat

scholarly journals Urban ecological energy generation on the example of elevation wind turbines located at Center of Energy AGH

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Filipowicz ◽  
Maciej Żołądek ◽  
Wojciech Goryl ◽  
Krzysztof Sornek
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Many

Nowadays, the worldwide growing demand for energy from renewable sources is observed. This fact is related to a number of factors, especially environmental ones. In the renewable energy sector, the most dynamic development which can be seen is wind energy. This is due to the construction of huge wind turbines, whose power exceeds even a few megawatts. The main problem that should be solved is finding a proper location for such turbines. Generally, wind turbines are located off-shore and on-shore. The most favourable are off-shore due to better wind condition, which relates to power generation. Notwithstanding, it is possible to install smaller turbines in urban areas: so-called wind turbines in built-up areas or integrate wind turbines with buildings (BIWT). This creates an opportunity to develop an integrated system of small energy sources located directly in cities. However, it is necessary to be aware of the many problems connected with the above mentioned installations. The article presents an overview and data related to operation of wind turbines integrated with the Center of Energy AGH building.

scholarly journals Thermo-economic and environmental analysis of integrating renewable energy sources in a district heating and cooling network

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Saad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Michael K. H. Leung ◽  
Syed Asad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating And Cooling

scholarly journals The bioclimatic approach in developing smart urban isles for sustainable cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Despina Kyprianou Serghides ◽  
Stella Dimitriou ◽  
Ioanna Kyprianou ◽  
Costas Papanicolas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Bioclimatic Design ◽  
Project Smart ◽  
Urban Energy

The rapid trends of urbanization have catastrophic consequences on the ecology of our cities. The large amounts of energy consumption and the reckless exploitation of natural resources is leading to increased emissions of ozone depleting gases and carbon dioxide emissions, which are polluting our planet and enhancing the effects of global warming. This paper will present the bioclimatic approach in achieving a smart urban isle as a basic unit for the development of sustainable cities of the EU ERANET project “Smart bioclimatic low-carbon urban areas as innovative energy isles in the sustainable city” (SUI). It will outline the project and demonstrate the approach of achieving bioclimatic urban isles through the Cyprus case study. The main aim of the SUI project is to develop sustainable cities through balancing locally the energy systems. Thus, the project aspires to move forward with the urban energy and CO2 reduction. The study will focus on the bioclimatic approach, which is one of the three cornerstone procedures (Bioclimatic design, Smart Grids and Management Platform) on which the project is based. It will exemplify how the various aspects of the bioclimatic design and the utilization of the beneficial aspects of the surrounding environment are exploited and applied on defined urban isles, as a basic unit of the city.

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