scholarly journals Stomatal Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Crude Oil Contamination in Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4074
Author(s):  
Chaolan Zhang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Yongxin Zhou ◽  
Haiying Lin ◽  
Tian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Uptake Pathway ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Stomatal Length ◽  
Different Levels

In this study, maize plant was cultured in soil contaminated with different levels of crude oil. The purpose was to investigate the change of soil properties, leaf physiological and chemical parameters, and phenanthrene content in the leaf. Results showed that soil water content significantly increased when the levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 3700–17,800 mg/kg in soil, and soil electrical conductivity significantly increased compared with the control. In maize leaf, stomatal length and density, as well as K and Na contents decreased in contaminated treatments compared with the control. Stomatal length has a significant positive correlation with K content in leaf (r = 0.92, p < 0.01), while stomatal density was negatively correlated to the crude oil level in soil (r = −0.91, p < 0.05). Accumulation of phenanthrene in maize leaf was mainly through the foliar uptake pathway. Phenanthrene concentrations of maize leaf in oil-treated soil were less than that of the control, which exhibited a significant positive relationship with stomatal length (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that the stomata structure of maize could be influenced by crude oil and thus possibly controlling the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerial tissues. Based on these results, controlling stomata movement will be beneficial to phytoremediation of contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Profiles in Some Nigerian Crude Oils

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
N. Boisa ◽  
T. J. K. Ideriah ◽  
C. S. Okehie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration

Aim: To evaluate the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in some Nigerian crude oils. Study Design: Field and Laboratory-Experimental Design were used in this study. Place and Duration of Study: Crude oil samples were obtained from three locations (designated as Location 1, Location 2, and Location 3) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Methodology: The samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane and analysed using GC-FID. Results: The results of the analyses of the crude oils gave polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations of 2.6089 x 104 ppm representing 60.06% and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 4.3201 x 104 ppm at Location 1, PAHs concentration of 4.764 x 103 ppm (62.8%) and TPH recording a concentration of 7.583x 103 ppm at Location 2, while Location 3 had PAHs concentration of 9.93 x 102 ppm (30.66%) and TPH concentration of 3.239 x 103 ppm. The total concentrations of the high molecular weight PAHs were lower than those of the low molecular weight PAHs in the samples. Also the concentrations of the individual PAHs were higher in the low molecular weight PAHs. The mean PAHs concentrations of 2707.6 ppm (location 1), 551.5 ppm (location 2) and 90.7 ppm (location 3) are different. Conclusion: The observed  results show that all the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons listed as priority pollutants are present in the three crude oil samples with higher concentrations in the light crude oils than in the heavy crude oil and a strong correlation with the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration. It was also observed that though the ratios of the low molecular weight PAHs to high molecular weight PAHs of the crude oils indicate petrogenic, the unique diagnostic ratios suggest pyrogenic input. There is therefore the need to develop a method of PAHs removal from PAHs contaminated water based on locally available and cheap materials.

Efficiency and Kinetics of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) Removal from Crude Oil Polluted Arable Soil using Palm Bunch Ash and Tween 80

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin James Udo ◽  
Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong ◽  
Alfreda Nwadinigwe ◽  
Clement O. Obadimu ◽  
Aniedi E. Nyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Palm Bunch

scholarly journals Bioremediation of clayey soil contaminated with crude oil: comparison of dynamic and static biopiles in lab-scale

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Antonio Lopes ◽  
Graciane Silva ◽  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Sérgio Machado Correa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Forced Aeration ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Technological Options

Bioremediation of aged and newly clayey soil contaminated with crude oil was investigated in lab-scale using two different strategies (biostimulation-BIOS and bioaugmentation-BIOA), also simulating two different technological options: dynamic biopile (M) and static biopile with forced aeration (B). The inoculum used for bioaugmentation was obtained from the aged contaminated soil. The treatments were performed in triplicates and included one control (original contaminated soil-CONT). The treatments were monitored with soil sampling obtained after 0, 24, 59 and 121 days when the populations of total heterotrophic microorganism (THM), total fungi (TF), and oil-degrading microorganism (ODM) as well as the extracted total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) prioritized by U.S. EPA were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed a trend for reduction of the microbial population density from 0 to 121 days. As expected, the population densities of THM and ODM were much higher in bio-augmented soils in both technologies (BIOA-m and BIOA-b) at day 0. However, after 121 days, the superiority in THM density was observed only in the bioreactor simulating static biopile with forced aeration (BIOA-b). Regarding treatment efficiency, the static biopile with forced aeration performed better in the removal of TPH when associated with bioaugmentation (BIOA-b), being equivalent to the microcosms (simulating dynamic biopile) for the other treatments (CONT and BIOS). For PAH, the superiority of the bioreactor was less conspicuous but observed in both bioremediation strategies (biostimulation BIOS-b and bioaugmentation BIOA-b). The results suggested that regarding TPH, the strategy of bioaugmentation was superior to biostimulation and that the bioreactor (simulating static biopile with forced aeration) reached better contaminant reductions than the microcosm (simulating dynamic biopile). Clayey soil contaminated with crude oil poses big challenges for the bioremediation, due to the texture of the soil favouring adsorption of organic contaminants and due to the complex crude oil composition. The bioprocesses are slow, cleavage of larger molecules are likely to generate smaller hydrocarbons and therefore the elimination of the toxicity is very slow, which may require longer periods and auxiliary tools, such as surfactants.

scholarly journals Production of CO2 in crude oil bioremediation in clay soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro José Baptista ◽  
Magali Christe Cammarota ◽  
Denize Dias de Carvalho Freire
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in clay soil a 45-days experiment. The experiment was conducted using an aerobic fixed bed reactor, containing 300g of contaminated soil at room temperature with an air rate of 6 L/h. The growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.035% (w/w) KH2PO4. Biodegradation of the crude oil in the contaminated clay soil was monitored by measuring CO2 production and removal of organic matter (OM), oil and grease (OandG), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), measured before and after the 45-days experiment, together with total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial count. The best removals of OM (50%), OandG (37%) and TPH (45%) were obtained in the bioreactors in which the highest CO2 production was achieved.

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONTAMINATION LEVELS OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT AT ALANG[-]SOSIYA SHIP SCRAPPING YARD, GULF OF CAMBAY, INDIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
M. Srinivasa Reddy ◽  
Shaik Basha ◽  
H. V. Joshi ◽  
G. Ramachandraiah
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Contamination Levels

ABSTRACT The present study assesses the distribution and contamination levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHCs) in surface seawaters during three successive seasons, (summer, monsoon and winter), and polyeyelie aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in intertidal sediments along the worlds largest Alang-Sosiya ship-scrapping yard. The pollution levels at this coast are evaluated and compared with those at one reference station (Mahuva, 60 km away from this yard towards south) in this region and similar ship scrapping yards in Asia. The concentrations of TPHCs in seawater were high in winter season followed by summer and monsoon which were relatively, much higher, about six times in winter and five times in summer/monsoon as compared to the reference station at Mahuva. The TPHCs concentrations in the coastal waters of Alang-Sosiya region are nearly 10–100 times higher on compared with other regions. The levels of PAHs found in the Alang-Sosiya sediments are between four and nine times higher than these prescribed levels by OSPAR commission. The overall levels of PAHs show the low content in Alang-Sosiya compared to values reported from Chang Jiang in China while the concentrations were nearly three times higher than Aliaga in Turkey. The relationships between the content of PAHs and %TOM (total organic matter) in sediments are discussed.

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