scholarly journals Production of CO2 in crude oil bioremediation in clay soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro José Baptista ◽  
Magali Christe Cammarota ◽  
Denize Dias de Carvalho Freire
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in clay soil a 45-days experiment. The experiment was conducted using an aerobic fixed bed reactor, containing 300g of contaminated soil at room temperature with an air rate of 6 L/h. The growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.035% (w/w) KH2PO4. Biodegradation of the crude oil in the contaminated clay soil was monitored by measuring CO2 production and removal of organic matter (OM), oil and grease (OandG), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), measured before and after the 45-days experiment, together with total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial count. The best removals of OM (50%), OandG (37%) and TPH (45%) were obtained in the bioreactors in which the highest CO2 production was achieved.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Of Crude Oil Impacted Soil Using Purple Nutsedge

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
E.O. Nwaichi ◽  
C.O. Chukwuere ◽  
P.J. Abosi ◽  
G.I. Onukwuru
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rivers State

The present study investigated the viability of purple nutsedge in the phytoremediation of a crude oilcontaminated land in the Kom-Kom community, Oyigbo, Rivers state, Nigeria. 150g of soil samples were randomly collected from two (2) different points on the polluted site and a control site and analyzed for Petroleum Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and Heavy metals ( Pb, Cd, Cr & Ni). in soils and plants before and after phytoremediation. Plants were transplanted into the contaminated and contaminated soil after soil sample collection.After planting,the progress of plant growth was observed and recorded biweekly for 3 months before harvesting. From the results obtained, over 80% and 66% PAHs and TPHs phytodegradation efficiencies were achieved using the plant while Cd, Pb and Cr were removed by 90%, 67% and 39.2% respectively. The Bioaccumulation Factor (B.F) of the heavymetals in study plant were found to be greated than 1 which makes it suitable for phytoextraction of heavy metals. Therefore, the study suggests that purple nutsedge can be useful in the phytoremediation of a crudeoil polluted soil. Keywords: Hydrocarbons, Heavy metals, Phytoremediation, Crude oil, Purple nutsedge

Efficiency and Kinetics of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) Removal from Crude Oil Polluted Arable Soil using Palm Bunch Ash and Tween 80

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin James Udo ◽  
Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong ◽  
Alfreda Nwadinigwe ◽  
Clement O. Obadimu ◽  
Aniedi E. Nyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Palm Bunch

scholarly journals The use of vinasse as an amendment to ex-situ bioremediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with diesel oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Pinto Mariano ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Rezende Crivelaro ◽  
Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis ◽  
Daniel Marcos Bonotto
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labile Carbon

This work investigated the possibility of using vinasse as an amendment in ex-situ bioremediation processes. Groundwater and soil samples were collected at petrol stations. The soil bioremediation was simulated in Bartha biometer flasks, used to measure the microbial CO2 production, during 48 days, where vinasse was added at a concentration of 33 mL.Kg-1of soil. Biodegradation efficiency was also measured by quantifying the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) by gas chromatography. The groundwater bioremediation was carried out in laboratory experiments simulating aerated (bioreactors) and not aerated (BOD flasks) conditions. In both the cases, the concentration of vinasse was 5 % (v/v) and different physicochemical parameters were evaluated during 20 days. Although an increase in the soil fertility and microbial population were obtained with the vinasse, it demonstrated not to be adequate to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of diesel oil contaminated soils. The addition of the vinasse in the contaminated groundwaters had negative effects on the biodegradation of the hydrocarbons, since vinasse, as a labile carbon source, was preferentially consumed.

Simulation Studies of Steam Reforming of Methane using Ni-Al2O3 Catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giane Gonçalves Lenzi ◽  
Ervin Kaminski Lenzi ◽  
Cláudio Vilas Boas Fávero ◽  
Marcelo Kaminski Lenzi ◽  
Regina Maria Matos Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Wgs Reaction ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

This paper reports the results of reforming methane into synthesis gas using industrial Ni-Al2O3 catalyst (75% NiO wt.) and Ni-Al2O3 produced by the sol gel method (8% Ni wt.). A mathematical investigation on the performance of a one-dimensional model of catalytic conventional fixed-bed reactor was developed and implemented for the process. The results indicated that the industrial catalyst favored the water gas shift (WGS) reaction increasing CO2 production. However in temperatures of 773 and 973 K the yield (H2/CH4,reacted) was more efficient for the sol-gel catalyst. This result is possibly due to the different characteristics as specific surface area and temperature reduction. The model validation for the adjustment parameters U and a1 was more efficient for temperature profiles (2% error) than for mole fraction (10% error).

scholarly journals FOTODEGRADASI METHYL ORANGE DALAM REAKTOR FIXED BED BATU APUNG-SEMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Yuningrat ◽  
N. Retug ◽  
I.M. Gunamantha
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Steel Mold ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reaction Constant ◽  
Methyl Orange Concentration

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik batu apung dan semen yang digunakan sebagai bed dalam reaktor fixed bed dan efektivitasnya dalam mendegradasi methyl orange akibat pengaruh pH larutan dan sinar dalam sistem reaksi. Bed yang digunakan adalah batu apung berukuran kecil dengan perekatan semen dalam cetakan stainless steel berukuran 5x16x16 cm. Fotodegradasi methyl orange dijalankan pada pH larutan 7 dan diberikan sinar 2 buah lampu UV Sankyo Denky FT10T8BLB FL10BLB 10 W 325 nm selama 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 dan 7 jam. Methyl orange disirkulasi pada temperatur kamar dari tangki penampungan menuju reaktor fixed bed menggunakan pompa dengan debit sebesar 6,89 mL/detik. Batu apung dan semen yang digunakan sebagai bed dianalisis bentuk dan unsur yang dikandungnya dengan menggunakan SEM EDX. Konsentrasi methyl orange sebelum dan setelah proses fotodegradasi diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV Visibel Shimadzu 1240. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa batu apung memiliki bentuk yang tidak beraturan dengan kandungan unsur tertinggi berupa Si sedangkan semen yang digunakan sebagai perekat memiliki bentuk seperti butiran yang homogen dengan kandungan unsur tertinggi Ca. Fotodegradasi methyl orange berjalan optimum pada pH 3 untuk waktu penyinaran 7 jam sebesar 40,37%. Degradasi methyl orange berlangsung efektif dengan adanya sinar dibandingkan tanpa penyinaran. Reaksi fotodegradasi methyl orange mengikuti kinetika reaksi orde satu semu dengan nilai k sebesar 0,0378 jam-1. Kata kunci : batu apung-semen, fotodegradasi, methyl orange, reaktor fixed bed Abstract The objectives of this research were to know the characterization of pumice stone and cement used in fixed bed reactor. The fixed bed used was made from pumice stone with a gluing cement in 5x16x16 cm stainless steel mold. Methyl orange photodegradation were carried out with pH 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,and 14 and irradiated by 2 lamps of UV Sankyo Denky FT10T8BLB FL10BLB 10 W 325 nm for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 hours. Methyl orange was circulated at room temperature from its reservoir to fixed bed reactor by a pump with 6.89 mL/s. Pumice stone and cement were analyzed by SEM EDX to know its characterization. Methyl orange concentration before and after photodegradation were measured by UV Visible Spectrophotometer Shimadzu 1240. The result showed that pumice stone has irreguler shape with the highest material is Si and cement has homogeneous granule with the highest material is Ca. The best fotodegradation of methyl orange with UV irradiation at pH 3. Methyl orange photodegradation follows pseudo first order kinetics with reaction constant 0,0378 hour-1. Keywords : fixed bed reactor, methyl orange, pumice stone-cement, photodegradation

scholarly journals Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Pd–Co and Pd–Fe Catalysts: Deactivation and Regeneration

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Nga Tran ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Thanh Trinh ◽  
Anita Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Coke Deposit ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fe Catalysts

In bio-oil upgrading, the activity and stability of the catalyst are of great importance for the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. The vapor-phase HDO of guaiacol was investigated to clarify the activity, stability, and regeneration ability of Al-MCM-41 supported Pd, Co, and Fe catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. The HDO experiment was conducted at 400 °C and 1 atm, while the regeneration of the catalyst was performed with an air flow at 500 °C for 240 min. TGA and XPS techniques were applied to study the coke deposit and metal oxide bond energy of the catalysts before and after HDO reaction. The Co and Pd–Co simultaneously catalyzed the CArO–CH3, CAr–OH, and multiple C–C hydrogenolyses, while the Fe and Pd–Fe principally catalyzed the CAr–OCH3 hydrogenolysis. The bimetallic Pd–Co and Pd–Fe showed a higher HDO yield and stability than monometallic Co and Fe, since the coke formation was reduced. The Pd–Fe catalyst presented a higher stability and regeneration ability than the Pd–Co catalyst, with consistent activity during three HDO cycles.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF OIL AND GREASE, TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND VOLATILE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rauckyte ◽  
Sławomir Żak ◽  
Zenon Pawlak ◽  
Adekunle Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Volatile Aromatic Compounds

This paper describes a case study of petroleum‐contaminated soil/sediment samples which were analyzed using gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), volatile aromatic com‐pounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and naphthalene by GC‐MS, and oil and grease (O/G) con‐tent by sonication in hexane. The ratio of (TPH) / (O/G) shows that the hydrocarbon fraction is between 7% and 87%. The content of volatile organic fraction BTEX accounts for only a small proportion of total TPH, and the ratio of (BTEX) / (TPH) ranges from 0.1% to 0.6%. It should be stressed that the use of TPH methods as against gas chromatography must be done with care because the potential risk posed by BTEX compounds may not be adequately addressed. Santrauka Aprašomi nafta užterštu dirvožemio bei dumblo pavyzdžiai, kuriuose duju chromatografijos būdu GC‐FIDnustatytas bendrasis naftos angliavandeniliu kiekis (TPH), o GC‐MS – lakieji aromatiniai junginiai: benzenas, toluenas, etilbenzenas ir ksilenai (BTEX) bei naftalenas. Sonifikacijos n‐heksane būdu nustatytas alieju ir riebalu (O/G) kiekis. TPH ir O/G santykis rodo, kad angliavandeniliu frakcijos yra nuo 7% iki 87%. Lakioji organine frakcija (BTEX) sudaro palyginti maža bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) dali, o BTEX ir TPH santykis svyruoja nuo 0,1% iki 0,6%. Ypač vertetu atkreipti demesi i bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) nustatyma duju chromatografijos būdu, nes galimas lakiosios organines frakcijos (BTEX) pavojingumas gali būti nepakankamai ivertintas. Peзюме Описаны образцы почвы и седимента, в которых способом хроматографии газа GC-FID определено общее количество нефтяных углеводородов (TPH), при помощи GC-MS установлены летучие ароматические соединения: бензол, толуол, этилобензол, ксилолы (BTEX) и нафталин. Способом сонификации в н-гексане определено количество масел и жиров (O/G). Отношение (TPH) / (O/G) свидетельствует о том, что в них содержится от 7% до 87% фракции углеводородов. Летучие ароматические соединения составляют относительно небольшую часть cyммарных нефтяных углеводородов, а отношение (BTEX) / (TPH) колеблется в пределах 0,1–0,6%. Особое внимание следует обратить на определение общего количества нефтяных углеводородов (TPH) способом хроматографии газа в связи с тем, что может быть не полноcтью оценена возможная опасность летучих ароматических соединений (BTEX).

The Effect of Regeneration Conditions on the Properties of CeO2 Desulfurization Sorbent in SO2 Atmosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Shang Guan Ju ◽  
Hui Qing Wang ◽  
Jia An ◽  
Jun Ming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regeneration Condition ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Scanning Electron

CeO2 desulfurization sorbent was prepared by calcination of Ce(NO3)3 ● 6H2O and the effect of regeneration conditions on its properties in SO2 atmosphere was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. The regeneration conversion and the yield of elemental sulfur for CeO2 desulfurization sorbent were tested and calculated. And the composition and the morphology of CeO2 desulfurization sorbent before and after regeneration were obtained by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the main components of the regeneration products of Ce2O desulfurization sorbent were solid CeO2 and gaseous elemental S in SO2 atmosphere. The optimum regeneration condition of CeO2 desulfurization sorbent is that the regeneration temperature of 750 °C and the SO2 concentration of 4.25 %, under which the CeO2 desulfurization sorbent shows the higher regeneration conversion of 96 % and the yield of elemental sulfur of 68.95 wt. %.

Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil in Daqing, China

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiling Zhang ◽  
Dehong Kong ◽  
Sheng Sun ◽  
Zhiguo Luo ◽  
Peng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Nutrient Ratio

Bioremediation of soil contaminated by pipeline spills in the Daquin region of China is presented in this paper. The objective of the study was to determine the nutrient ratio required for the bioremediation of soil contaminated by Daqing crude oil. Several experiments were conducted using different proportions of C:N:P:K to choose the optimum ratio of nutrients to be applied for bioremediation, C is supplied from the crude oil in the contaminated soil. The moisture content, porosity, PH and temperature of the contaminated soil were adjusted for optimum conditions. The experimental bioremediation technology was conducted in a treatment unit that was 0.5 m in length, 0.7 m in width, and 1.5 m in height. The results showed that the degradation rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) increased with increased concentrations of crude oil in the soil. At the beginning of the bioremediation experiments, the degradation rate of THP is high, but it gradually slowed over the course of the experiment. The degradation rate of TPH averaged 98% over 8 months.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nature and Synthetic Zeolite for Waste Battery Electrolyte Treatment in Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Cong Yang ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Abdullatif Alfutimie
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Battery Electrolyte

To support a sustainable energy development, CO2 reduction for carbon neutralization and water-splitting for hydrogen economy are two feasible technical routes, both of which require a significant input of renewable energies. To efficiently store renewable energies, secondary batteries will be applied in great quantity, so that a considerable amount of energy needs to be invested to eliminate the waste battery electrolyte pollution caused by heavy metals including Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+. To reduce this energy consumption, the removal behaviors of these ions by using clinoptilolite and zeolite A under 5, 7 and 10 BV h−1 in a fixed-bed reactor were investigated. The used zeolites were then regenerated by a novel NH4Cl solution soaking, coupled with the ultrasonication method. Further characterizations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and desorption test, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The adsorption breakthrough curves revealed that the leaching preference of clinoptilolite was Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+, while the removal sequence for zeolite A was Zn2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+. The maximum removal percentage of Zn2+ ions for clinoptilolite under 5 BV h−1 was 21.55%, while it was 83.45% for zeolite A. The leaching ability difference was also discussed combining with the characterization results. The fact that unit cell stayed the same before and after the regeneration treatment approved the efficacy of the regeneration method, which detached most of the ions while doing little change to both morphology and crystallinity of the zeolites. By evaluating the pH and conductivity changes, the leaching mechanisms by adsorption and ion exchange were further studied.

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