scholarly journals Effect of Soy Protein Products and Gum Inclusion in Feed on Fecal Particle Size Profile of Rainbow Trout

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Welker ◽  
Keshun Liu ◽  
Ken Overturf ◽  
Jason Abernathy ◽  
Frederic T. Barrows
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Negative Effect

Replacement of fishmeal (FM) with alternative plant proteins, especially soybean meal (SBM), can cause a diarrhea-like symptom in rainbow trout (RBT), characterized by very fine fecal particles. These fines do not settle out in raceway effluent for collection and can contribute to pollution of receiving waters. In this study, two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 examined effects of nine protein sources (sardine meal, menhaden meal, soy protein concentrates (SPC) (three types), SBM (regular and high protein), corn protein concentrate (CPC), and poultry by-product meal (PBM)) on fecal particle size distribution. Results showed that all five soy-based diets produced feces in RBT having 75.7–89.3% fines and only about 1.0% large particles, while the remaining four diets yielded feces having a balanced particle size distribution. Oligosaccharides present naturally in soy products, thought to contribute fecal fines, were not correlated to fecal particle size classes. Instead, high crude fiber content in soy-based diets was found to be responsible for unbalanced fecal particle distribution in RBT. Experiment 2 examined if improvements in formulation could reduce the negative effect of soy-based ingredients. Eight practical diets (FM, SPC, SPC + 0.3% guar gum, PBM + CPC, PBM + CPC + 20 or 30% SPC, and PBM + CPC + 20 or 30% SPC + 0.3% guar gum) were formulated to contain 40% protein and 20% lipid. Results showed that diets containing mixtures of PBM, CPC, and 20% or 30% SPC plus guar gum produced trout feces with the highest percentage of large particles and lowest of fines, while the diet containing SPC alone (56%) plus guar gum resulted in trout feces having the highest content of mid-size particles. It was concluded that crude fiber in soy protein products (SBM and SPC) caused undesirable fecal particle profiles in RBT, and the addition of guar gum could significantly alleviate this negative effect.

The Role of Particle Size Distribution in the Performance and Modelling of Filtration

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Mackie ◽  
R. Bai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Large Particles

The paper examines the importance of size distribution of the influent suspension on the performance of deep bed filters and its significance with regard to modelling. Experiments were carried out under a variety of conditions using suspensions which were identical in every respect apart from their size distribution. The results indicate that the presence of coarse particles does increase the removal of fine particles. Deposition of fine particles leads to a greater headloss than deposition of large particles. Changes in size distribution with time and depth play an important role in determining the behaviour of a filter, and models of both removal and headloss development must take account of this.

Effects of diet composition and ultrasound treatment on particle size distribution and carbon bioavailability in feces of rainbow trout

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Meriac ◽  
Tom P.A. v. Tilburg ◽  
Ep H. Eding ◽  
Andries Kamstra ◽  
Johan W. Schrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment

Performance Assessment of Pre-Filtration Strainer of an Ultrafiltration Membrane System by Particle Size Analysis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna ◽  
Chenguang Sheng ◽  
Kimberly Conrad ◽  
Greg Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Vortex Generator ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Selection Of

One of the industrial applications of ultrafiltration membrane system is water purification and wastewater treatment. Membranes act as physical barriers by eliminating particles such as pollen, yeast, bacteria, colloids, viruses, and macromolecules from feed water. The effectiveness of the membrane to separate particles is determined by its molecular weight cut-off and feed water characteristics. Typically, pre-filtration strainers are installed upstream of an ultrafiltration membrane system to separate large particles from the flow stream. The criteria for selection of the strainer pore size is unclear and is often determined by the feed water average particle size distribution. This paper is motivated by the hydraulic loading failure of a 125 μm strainer by average feed water particle size of 1.6 μm when the volumetric flow is at or greater than 40% of the rated design flow capacity. The objective of this paper are to: a) determine if the feed particle size distribution is a sufficient parameter for selection of pre-filtration strainer, b) evaluate the effect of feed flow velocity on strainer performance, and c) enhance strainer performance using vortex generator. In this experimental study, a Single Particle Optical Sensing, Accusizer, was used to analyze particle size distribution of five water samples collected at strainer feed, strainer filtrate, and strainer backwash. All samples were analyzed using a lower detection limit of 0.5 μm. In order to capture more counts of the larger particles present in the sample, a second analysis was done for each sample at a higher detection limit, 5.09 μm for feed sample, and 2.15 μm for the rest of the samples. Particle size data based on individual detection limits were statistically combined to generate comprehensive blended results of total number and total volume. The volume was determined based on assumption that each particle is spherically shaped. The Particle Size Distribution Measurement Accuracy is ±0.035 μm. Results showed that the feed particle size diameter and volume was insufficient to determine strainer size. Particle size distribution is needed at the feed, filtrate, and backwash to evaluate the strainer particle separation efficiency. It was observed that the total particle count in the filtrate (4.4 × 106) was an order of magnitude higher than the feed (3.2 × 105). Specifically, the total count for particles with diameter less than 7.22 μm were higher in the filtrate while larger particle size ≥ 7.22 μm were more in the feed stream. It appears that the large particles in the feed breaks down into smaller particles at the strainer interface and the small particles (≤ 7.22μm) passed through the pore into the filtrate. The particle breakdown, detachment of particles in the strainer pore into the filtrate, and particle to particle interactions are enhanced by increase in flow velocity hence increasing the hydrodynamic shear that acts on attached particles. A vortex generator inserted in to the strainer reduced pore clogging and pressure drop.

Effect of soy protein subunit composition and processing conditions on stability and particle size distribution of soymilk

LWT ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Malaki Nik ◽  
Susan M. Tosh ◽  
Lorna Woodrow ◽  
Vaino Poysa ◽  
Milena Corredig
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Subunit Composition ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Protein Subunit

scholarly journals Observations on the Distribution of Certain Tobacco Smoke Components with Respect to Particle Size

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Morie ◽  
M.S. Baggett
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Selective Filtration ◽  
Large Particles

AbstractIf the distribution of specific smoke components with respect to particle size were significantly different than the size distribution of particulate matter, a compound or group of compounds might be selectively removed by the selective filtration of a given particle size. Various techniques have been used to determine the particle size distribution of a few smoke components. Berner and Marek used a Goetz aerosol spectrometer to determine the size distribution of potassium in smoke; and Owen, Westcott and Woodman used a conifuge to examine the distribution of three smoke components. In the present work, a cascade impactor was used to separate smoke particles into four fractions of 0.25 to 1.0 µ in diameter based on the principle that particles in a moving airstream impact on a slide placed in their path, if their momentum is sufficient to overcome the drag exerted by the airstream. The particle size distribution of five organic compounds: indole, nicotine, diethyl phthalate, norphytene, and neophytadiene were determined. These size distributions were compared to the distribution of total particulate matter (TPM) and the following observations were made:1. All compounds were distributed in a pattern similar to that of TPM. Therefore, the selective filtration of a given compound by selective filtration of a given particle size is probably unfeasible.2. The concentrations of indole and nicotine were higher in the medium-size particles (0.5 to 0.75 µ) than in the small or large particles.3. It is known that cellulose acetate filters are more efficient for the filtration of small and large particles than they are for medium-size particles. Therefore, the high concentration of nicotine in the medium-size particles may contribute to the slightly higher filtration efficiency these filters have for the TPM than they have for nicotine.

Effects of Particle Size Distribution on Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel in Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Shota Ohki ◽  
Shingo Mineta ◽  
Mamoru Mizunuma ◽  
Soichi Oka ◽  
Masayuki Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution
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