Proximate Analysis of Merang Mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea) Cultivated on Corncob and Rice Bran Media

Merang Mushroom (Volvariella volvaceae) is one of the edible mushrooms. The nutritional content of merang mushrooms makes this mushroom has potential as a medicine and food supplement. Merang mushrooms are known to function as antioxidants, antidiabetic, antiviral, and can lower cholesterol. The purpose of the research is to find out the nutritional content of merang mushrooms that are cultivated in corncob media with the addition of rice bran. The analysis used was proximate analysis to determine moisture, ash, and fiber content using the AOAC method, fat content analysis using the Soxhlet method, protein content analysis using the Kjeldahl method, and carbohydrate Analysis (By difference). The results of the analysis were 2.17% ash content, 85.14% water content, 3.65% crude fiber content, 1.99% fat content, 2.7% crude protein content, and 8.0% carbohydrate content. Based on research, it can be said that mushroom has a good nutritional content that can provide health benefits.

Physical and Organoleptic Qualities of Milk-Based Caramel with Variations in Addition of Pineapple Fruit (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and organoleptic qualities of milk-based caramel with variations in the use of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.). The design of this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The tested treatments include milk-based caramel, which was processed with pineapple juice at T0=0%; T1=5%; T2=10%; T3=15%; T4=20%. The research variables included physical quality testing consisting of water content and crude fiber content, further testing of texture, color, and panelists' preference as organoleptic parameters tested using sensory tests. The observations obtained will be processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5% and will be further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if it shows a significant effect. Based on the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), the variation in various treatments with the addition of pineapple fruit in the milk-based caramel processing showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the physical quality of caramel (crude fiber content and water content) and organoleptic quality (texture, color), and preference) on milk-based caramel products. The percentage of crude fiber content is 0.35%-4.50%; moisture content 10.15%-15.63%; texture score is hard to not hard; the color score is light brown to brown and liking score is slightly like to like. The conclusion of this research was the addition of pineapple affects crude fiber content, milk caramel water content, texture, color, and milk caramel preference.

Impact of Different Drying Techniques on Quality Traits of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Rhizomes

Under the present investigation, ginger was produced at the instruction cum research plots of the Department of Plantation Crops and Processing, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in a factorial CRD. The study was undertaken with four ginger varieties namely Gorubathan, Suprabha, Suruchi and Suravi to evaluate the effect of different drying methods (sun drying, hot air drying at 50OC, 60oC and 70oC and microwave drying on time required for drying to a moisture content of 8 – 10% and to chemical composition (essential oil, oleoresin content and crude fiber content) of the end product. Results shown that Gorubathan variety has the highest essential oil (2.243%) and oleoresin content (14.840%) among the four varieties in this study, highest crude fiber content (5.253%) was observed in Suprabha and highest dry recovery (25.77%) was obtained from Suravi variety. In hot air drying, with increase in temperature essential oil, oleoresin and crude fiber content in dry ginger as well as dry recovery reduced. With high dry recovery (25.77%), essential oil (2.037%) and oleoresin content (13.510%) and moderately low crude fiber content (4.637%), it can be concluded that Suravi variety is best suitable for producing dry ginger. Apart from microwave drying, sun drying can be recommended as better practice, when hygienically conducted, based on essential oil and oleoresin content.

Safety and nutritional value of canned alfalfa feed when introducing new generation starter cultures

his work is a continuation of research on the influence of new generation polymicrobiological starter cultures on the quality of canned feed in laboratory conditions, which began in 2018 and continues to the present. The purpose of the fragment of the presented studies was: to study the safety, chemical composition, nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics of silage when conservation the green mass of alfalfa with a new generation of starter cultures in laboratory conditions. The article presents the results of studies of the influence of polymicrobiological starters "Yarosil, bacterial preservative, suspension" containing Lactobacillus plantarum K-36, K-64, K-65, K-72, K-74, K-87, K-167; Lactobacillus lactis subsp. lactis Ep-157, Lactobacillus paracasei Ep-154 Ep-155 Ep-156 Ep-158, Streptococcus thermophilus K-35, the concentration (total) was 1.5ґ109 CFU / cm3, in an amount: 100 ml per ton, and Yarosil , dry powder "in an amount: 100 g per ton, in which the composition of the microflora was the same as in the ferment "Yarosil, bacterial preservative, suspension", but the concentration was different and amounted to (total) 8ґ1010 CFU / cm3, on the safety, chemical composi-tion, nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics of the obtained strength, and their influence on the indicated indicators has been established. The introduction of starter cultures in-creased the quality of the silage according to the indicators provided for by GOST R 55986-2014 and depended on the starter culture. The addition of the "Yarosil, bacterial preservative, suspension" starter culture to the green mass of alfalfa increased the crude protein content by 0.31% (the control sample con-tained 19.51%, the experimental one - 19.82%), reduced the crude fiber content by 0,14% (the control sample contained 28.69%, the experimental one - 28.55%), reduced the butyric acid content by 0.05% (the control sample contained 0.14%, the experimental one - 0.09% ). The addition of the Yarosil dry powder starter culture to the green mass of alfalfa increased the crude protein content by 0.45% (the control sample contained 19.51%, the experimental one - 19.96%), reduced the crude fiber content by 0,23% (the control sample contained 28.69%, the experimental one - 28.46%), contributed to the absence of butyric acid (the control sample contained 0.14%, the experimental butyric acid was not found). The addition of starter cultures had the positive effect on organoleptic characteristics.

PENGARUH TEPUNG BUAH NIPAH TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BISKUIT TINGGI SERAT

The amount of fibre consumption in Indonesia is lower than recommended by WHO. The use of nypa flour as wheat substitution in biscuit formulation is able to increase fibre content in biscuit. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of Nypa fruticans flour to the physicochemical and sensory properties of high-fiber biscuit. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the concentration of Nypa fruticans flour (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60%) as the treatments. Data was analysed by ANOVA and DnMRT at 95% confidence level. The result showed that Nypa flour had 10% water content , 3,18% crude fiber content and color characteristic L * = 87,57; a * = -3,33; and b * = 20,17. The concentration of Nypa flour significantly affect water and crude fiber content, color characteristic, crispyness and grit, but did not significantly affect hardness, spread ratio, color (sensory), taste, aroma, overall acceptance and multiple comparison. The concentration of 40% nypa flour was the best treatment to produce high-fiber biscuit with 2,78% water content, 1,47% crude fiber content, hardness 1301,3 gF, spread ratio 5,15, color characteristic (L * = 75,51; a * = 0,18; b * = 30,00), color description (brownish yellow), slightly crunchy, rough, taste (rather liked), aroma (rather liked), and overall acceptance (rather liked). Multiple comparison tests showed that the biscuit favored by panelists similar to the reference biscuit.

Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensoris Selai Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus Erosus L.) dengan Penambahan Pektin dan Asam Sitrat pada Berbagai Konsentrasi

This research aimed to figure out the effect of differences in concentration of citric acidand pectin and their interactions on the content of proximate and sensory of jam.The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of two factors.The first factor was the comparison of thethree levels of citric acid (A) concentration:1% (A1), 2% (A2),and 3% (A3) of the total ingredients for making jam.The second factor was pectin concentration (P) in 4 levels: 0.83%(P1), 1.0% (P2), 1.17% (P3), and 1.34% (P4) of the total ingredients for making jam.The chemical parameters tested included moisture content, fiber content, ash content, and antioxidant, while the physical parameters included pH and viscosity.The sensory test assessments includedaroma, taste, color, preference, and spreadability.The results indicated that the comparison of the concentration of citric acid (A) had a significant effect on the proximate analysis of the pH variable; however, it had no significant effect on several other variables:moisture content, crude fiber content, ash content, viscosity, and antioxidant.The results of the sensory test did not significantly affect the variables of aroma, taste, color, preference, and spreadability.In addition, the treatment of pectin (P)concentration ratio had a significant effect toward proximate analysis on water content and viscosity variable, but it had no significant effect on the variables offiber content, ash content, pH, and antioxidant.Meanwhile, the sensory test had a significant effect on the preference variable and had no significant effect on the aroma, taste, color, and spreadibilityvariables.The treatment interactions (AxP) significantly affectedproximate analysis on pH and viscosity variables.However, it did not affect the variable of water content, fiber content, ash content, and antioxidantsignificantly.The sensory test results hada significant effect onpreference variable.The best treatment wason the use of 1% citric acid concentration and 0.83% pectin concentration (A1P1) with 42.63% water content, 37.54% fiber content, 0.25% ash content, pH of 3.30, a viscosity of 8.49 cP, and an antioxidant of 9.22%.The treatment resulted in the aroma of 3.67 (delicious), taste of 4.67 (delicious), color of 4.00 (yellowish white), preference of 5.00 (likevery much), and spreadability 3.67 (easy).

Physicochemical characteristics of muffin from composite flour (mocaf, breadfruit, jackfruit seeds, and durian seeds)

This study aims to determine the formulation of composite flour from mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour in making good quality muffin. Making muffins with composite flour formulations (mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour) (P): 50%:40%:5%:5%, 50%:30%:10%:10%, 50 %:20%:15%:15%, 50%:10%:20%:20%, 100% jackfruit seed flour, 100% durian seed flour 100% breadfruit flour, 100% mocaf, and 100% wheat flour. The resulting muffins were analyzed for specific volume, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, and crude fiber content. The final result of the study showed that the composite flour formulation (mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour) (50%:30%:10%:10%) produced the good quality muffin by deGarmo method.

Potential of gathot (fermented cassava) from livestock feed to analog rice

The objective of this research was to analyze the potential of gathot as an analog rice ingredient with the addition of red bean CMC as a binder, according to water absorption value, crude fiber content, and aftertaste by hedonic test. This study consisted of 4 treatments, and each treatment was repeated 5 times. The treatment was the addition of CMC in the manufacture of analog rice made from gathot flour and red bean flour with a level of 0; 1; 2; 3%. The test includes water absorption, crude fiber content, and aftertaste with a hedonic test. The data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and processed using SPSS 23.0. Gathot’s analog rice showed water absorption 49.37%, crude fiber content 0.57 g/mL, and aftertaste 3.24. Gathot’s analog rice with the addition of red bean flour and CMC as binder influences the water absorption value and crude fiber content. The optimal concentration of CMC in gathot’s analog rice is 1%, with the water absorption value of 163.37% and crude fiber content of 5.37%.

Pemanfaatan Kacang Merah dan Ubi Jalar Putih sebagai Bahan Bolu Kukus

The steamed cake is one of the popular foods. It has a good taste, a soft texture, a sweet taste, and varies in shape. The steamed cake in this study was made from red bean flour and white sweet potato flour. The purpose of the utilization of red bean flour and white sweet potato flour is to diversify food products. The purpose of this research was to formulate the red bean flour and white sweet potato flour imparting the best-steamed cake’s quality. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications was applied. The treatment was the red bean flour and white sweet potato flour ratios, namely KUJ1 (80:20), KUJ2 (70:30), KUJ3 (60:40), KUJ4 (50:50), and KUJ5 (40:60). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the ratios of red bean flour and white sweet potato flour significantly affected chemical (moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content) parameters but did not significantly influence sensory test parameters (descriptive and hedonic). The best quality was developed by the KUJ1(80:20) formulation which constituted: moisture of 33.86%, ash content of 1.19%, the protein content of 9.74%, the fat content of 1.09%, the carbohydrate content of 54.13%, and crude fiber content of 12.34% with a description of brownish-white, between red beans and sweet potatoes aroma, the taste between red beans and sweet potatoes and soft tenderness, liked by the panelist.

CEREAL FLAKES FROM Ipomoea batatas AND Setaria italica AS EMERGENCY FOOD: CHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND SENSORY PROPERTIES DURING STORAGE

Emergency food supplies the daily human energy needs during emergencies. This research aimed to determine the effects of storage periode of cereal flakes made from sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties. The composition of cereal flakes used was 75% of sweet potato flour and 25% of jewawut flour. Cereal flakes were tested for proximate levels (moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate), crude fiber content, TPC, and sensory. The change observed after 40 days storage at 40⁰C and RH 70% were 0.61-2.51% in moisture content, 2.29 - 1.91% in ash content, 7.44-7.19% in protein content, 18.79-18.09% in fat content, 70.88 - 70.40% in carbohydrate content, 5.28 - 4.98% in crude fiber content, and TPC 5.5x101 - 3.1x103 cfu/g. Forty days observation showed that cereal flakes remained in good quality for consumption based on SNI 01-4270-1996. The product is adequate as an alternative of emergency food.