scholarly journals Thermal Characterizations of a Lithium Titanate Oxide-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Focused on Random and Periodic Charge-Discharge Pulses

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Pulse Charge ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide

Thermal characterization of lithium-ion batteries is essential to improve an efficient thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries. Besides, it is needed for safe and optimum application. The investigated lithium-ion battery in the present research is a commercially available lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion battery, which can be used in different applications. Different experimental facilities were used to measure lithium-ion battery heat generation at different operating conditions and charge and discharge rates in this investigation. Isothermal battery calorimeter is the exclusive calorimeter globally, suitable for lithium-ion batteries’ accurate thermal measurements. Pulse charge and discharge in different increments of state of charge were applied to the lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion battery to designate the heat generation of the lithium-ion battery cell. Three different cases were studied. The precise effects of different state-of-charge levels and current-rates on lithium-ion battery total generated heat was investigated. The maximum heat generation during 13 A, 40 A, 50 A, 60 A and 100 A pulse discharges were 0.231 Wh, 0.77 Wh, 0.507 Wh, 0.590 Wh and 1.13 Wh correspondingly. It could be inferred that in the case of periodic charge and discharge pulses applied to the lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion battery, important parameters including state of charge, current rates, initial cycling, and temperature have a significant influence on total generated heat.

scholarly journals Applying Different Configurations for the Thermal Management of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery Pack

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide ◽  
Cooling Mechanism ◽  
Flow Configurations

This investigation’s primary purpose was to illustrate the cooling mechanism within a lithium titanate oxide lithium-ion battery pack through the experimental measurement of heat generation inside lithium titanate oxide batteries. Dielectric water/glycol (50/50), air and dielectric mineral oil were selected for the lithium titanate oxide battery pack’s cooling purpose. Different flow configurations were considered to study their thermal effects. Within the lithium-ion battery cells in the lithium titanate oxide battery pack, a time-dependent amount of heat generation, which operated as a volumetric heat source, was employed. It was assumed that the lithium-ion batteries within the battery pack had identical initial temperature conditions in all of the simulations. The lithium-ion battery pack was simulated by ANSYS to determine the temperature gradient of the cooling system and lithium-ion batteries. Simulation outcomes demonstrated that the lithium-ion battery pack’s temperature distributions could be remarkably influenced by the flow arrangement and fluid coolant type.

scholarly journals State-of-charge estimation for second-life lithium-ion batteries based on cell difference model and adaptive fading unscented Kalman filter algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banghua Du ◽  
Zhang Yu ◽  
Shuhao Yi ◽  
Yanlin He ◽  
Yulin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Soc Estimation ◽  
Battery Packs

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries retired from electric vehicles can provide considerable economic benefits when they are retired for secondary use. However, retired batteries after screening and restructuring still face the problem of inaccurate battery pack state-of-charge (SOC) estimation due to the existence of extreme inconsistency. To solve this problem, an adaptive fading unscented Kalman filtering (AFUKF) algorithm based on the cell difference model (CDM) is proposed in this paper for improving the accuracy of SOC estimation of retired lithium-ion battery packs. Firstly, an improved CDM based on a hypothetical Rint model is developed based on a second-order resistor/capacitor equivalent circuit model. Secondly, an AFUKF algorithm is developed to improve the adaptability and robustness of local state estimation against process modelling errors. Finally, characteristic data are obtained by conducting discharge tests on the screened retired lithium-ion batteries under specific operating conditions. The proposed method can improve the accuracy of SOC estimation of retired lithium-ion battery packs and provide a new idea for SOC estimation of retired lithium-ion battery packs, as shown by the simulated real experimental data.

scholarly journals An Experimental Analysis of Entropic Coefficient of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Temperature State ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide ◽  
Temperature Levels

In order to understand the thermal behaviour of a lithium-ion battery, the heat generation within the cell should be determined. The entropic heat coefficient is necessary to determine for the heat generation calculation. The entropic heat coefficient is one of the most important factors, which affects the magnitude of the reversible heat. The purpose of this research is to analyze and investigate the effect of different parameters on the entropic coefficient of lithium titanate oxide batteries. In this research, a lithium ion pouch cell was examined in both charging and discharging situations. The state of charge levels range was considered from 10% to 90%, and vice versa, in 10% increments. The temperature levels vary from 5 °C to 55 °C and the voltage levels vary from 1.5 V to 2.8 V. The effect of different parameters such as initial temperature, state of charge, thermal cycle, time duration for thermal cycles, and procedure prior to the thermal cycle on the entropic coefficient of lithium titanate oxide batteries were investigated. It was concluded that there is a strong influence of the battery cell state of charge on the entropic heat coefficient compared with other parameters.

scholarly journals Estimation of lithium-ion battery state-of-charge using an extended kalman filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1759-1768
Author(s):  
Mouhssine Lagraoui ◽  
Ali Nejmi ◽  
Hassan Rayhane ◽  
Abderrahim Taouni
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Ohmic Loss ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Transfer Resistance

The main goal of a battery management system (BMS) is to estimate parameters descriptive of the battery pack operating conditions in real-time. One of the most critical aspects of BMS systems is estimating the battery's state of charge (SOC). However, in the case of a lithium-ion battery, it is not easy to provide an accurate estimate of the state of charge. In the present paper we propose a mechanism based on an extended kalman filter (EKF) to improve the state-of-charge estimation accuracy on lithium-ion cells. The paper covers the cell modeling and the system parameters identification requirements, the experimental tests, and results analysis. We first established a mathematical model representing the dynamics of a cell. We adopted a model that comprehends terms that describe the dynamic parameters like SOC, open-circuit voltage, transfer resistance, ohmic loss, diffusion capacitance, and resistance. Then, we performed the appropriate battery discharge tests to identify the parameters of the model. Finally, the EKF filter applied to the cell test data has shown high precision in SOC estimation, even in a noisy system.

scholarly journals State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 420-437
Author(s):  
Wu Xiaogang ◽  
Xuefeng Li ◽  
Nikolay I. Shurov ◽  
Alexander A. Shtang ◽  
Michael V. Yaroslavtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Soc Estimation ◽  
Ternary Polymer

As the core component of electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery needs to adopt effective battery management method to prolong battery life and improve the reliability and safety. The accurate estimation of the battery SOC can be used to prevent the battery over charge and over discharge, reduce damage to the battery and improve battery performance, which plays a vital role in the battery management system. The study of battery SOC estimation mainly focused on the battery model construction and SOC estimation algorithm. Aiming at the problem that the state of charge (SOC) of electric vehicle is difficult to be accurately estimated under complex operating conditions, based on the parameter identification of the equivalent circuit of a ternary polymer lithium-ion battery, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm was used to estimate the SOC of the ternary polymer lithium-ion battery. Simulation and experimental results show that the estimation of SOC can be carried out by using the EKF algorithm under the conditions of China Passenger Car Condition (Chinacar) and new European driving cycle (NEDC) Compared with the coulomb counting method, the average error of SOC estimation can be realized is 1.042% and 1.138% respectively, the maximum error within 4%. Application of this algorithm to achieve SOC estimation has good robustness and convergence

scholarly journals Heat Loss Measurement of Lithium Titanate Oxide Batteries under Fast Charging Conditions by Employing Isothermal Calorimeter

Batteries ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide ◽  
Temperature Efficiency ◽  
Constant Current Charge

To understand better the thermal behaviour of lithium-ion batteries under different working conditions, various experiments were applied to a 13 Ah Altairnano lithium titanate oxide battery cell by means of isothermal battery calorimeter. Several parameters were measured such as the battery surface temperature, voltage, current, power, heat flux, maximum temperature and power area. In addition, the efficiency was calculated. Isothermal battery calorimeter was selected as the most appropriate method for heat loss measurements. Temperatures on the surface of the battery were measured by employing four contact thermocouples (type K). In order to determine the heat loss of the battery, constant current charge and discharge pulses at sixteen different C-rates were applied to the battery. It was seen that the charge and discharge C-rates has a considerable influence on the thermal behaviours of lithium-ion batteries. In this research paper, the C-rate was linked to the peak temperature, efficiency and heat loss and it was concluded that they are linear dependent on the C-rate. In addition, the outcomes of this investigation can be used for battery thermal modelling and design of thermal management systems.

scholarly journals High-Precision Monitoring of Volume Change of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries by Using Strain Gauges

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Willenberg ◽  
Philipp Dechent ◽  
Georg Fuchs ◽  
Dirk Uwe Sauer ◽  
Egbert Figgemeier
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Curve Shape ◽  
Diameter Change

This paper proposes a testing method that allows the monitoring of the development of volume expansion of lithium-ion batteries. The overall goal is to demonstrate the impact of the volume expansion on battery ageing. The following findings are achieved: First, the characteristic curve shape of the diameter change depended on the state-of-charge and the load direction of the battery. The characteristic curve shape consisted of three areas. Second, the characteristic curve shape of the diameter change changed over ageing. Whereas the state-of-charge dependent geometric alterations were of a reversible nature. An irreversible effect over the lifetime of the cell was observed. Third, an s-shaped course of the diameter change indicated two different ageing effects that led to the diameter change variation. Both reversible and irreversible expansion increased with ageing. Fourth, a direct correlation between the diameter change and the capacity loss of this particular lithium-ion battery was observed. Fifth, computer tomography (CT) measurements showed deformation of the jelly roll and post-mortem analysis showed the formation of a covering layer and the increase in the thickness of the anode. Sixth, reproducibility and temperature stability of the strain gauges were shown. Overall, this paper provides the basis for a stable and reproducible method for volume expansion analysis applied and established by the investigation of a state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery cell. This enables the study of volume expansion and its impact on capacity and cell death.

Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Health Monitoring Using Vibration Diagnostic Test

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan L. Pham ◽  
J. Eric Dietz ◽  
Douglas E. Adams ◽  
Nathan D. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Cell

With their superior advantages of high capacity and low percentage of self-discharge, lithium-ion batteries have become the most popular choice for power storage in electric vehicles. Due to the increased potential for long life of lithium-ion batteries in vehicle applications, manufacturers are pursuing methodologies to increase the reliability of their batteries. This research project is focused on utilizing non-destructive vibration diagnostic testing methods to monitor changes in the physical properties of the lithium-ion battery electrodes, which dictate the states of charge (SOC) and states of health (SOH) of the battery cell. When the battery cell is cycled, matter is transported from one electrode to another which causes mechanical properties such as thickness, mass, stiffness of the electrodes inside a battery cell to change at different states of charge; therefore, the detection of these changes will serve to determine the state of charge of the battery cell. As mass and stiffness of the electrodes change during charge and discharge, they will respond to the excitation input differently. An automated vibration diagnostic test is developed to characterize the state of charge of a lithium-ion battery cell by measuring the amplitude and phase of the kinematic response as a function of excitation frequency at different states of charge of the battery cell and at different times in the life of the cell. Also, the mechanical properties of the electrodes at different states of charge are obtained by direct measurements to develop a first-principles frequency response model for the battery cell. The correlation between the vibration test results and the model will be used to determine the state of charge of the cell.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document