scholarly journals Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of Climatic Variables on Plague Dynamics

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricci P.H. Yue ◽  
Harry F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Climate change can influence infectious disease dynamics both directly, by affecting the disease ecology, and indirectly, through altering economic systems. However, despite that climate-driven human plague dynamics have been extensively studied in recent years, little is known about the relative importance of the direct and indirect effects of climate change on plague outbreak. By using Structural Equation Modeling, we estimated the direct influence of climate change on human plague dynamics and the impact of climate-driven economic change on human plague outbreak. After studying human plague outbreak in Europe during AD1347–1760, we detected no direct climatic effect on plague dynamics; instead, all of the climatic impacts on plague dynamics were indirect, and were operationalized via economic changes. Through a series of sensitivity checks, we further proved that temperature-induced economic changes drove plague dynamics during cold and wet periods, while precipitation-induced economic changes drove plague dynamics during the cold periods. Our results suggest that we should not dismiss the role of economic systems when examining how climate change altered plague dynamics in human history.

Measuring the effectiveness of managerial action in SMEs

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 892-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Metts
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Action ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Competitive Forces ◽  
Strategy Making

PurposeThe paper's purpose is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of industry competitive forces on strategy‐making and performance in small‐to‐medium‐sized manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is a survey design with structural equation modeling used for hypotheses testing.FindingsThe findings provide strong support for the mitigating role of managerial action through the strategy‐making process and indications that this is true regardless of small‐to‐medium‐sized enterprise (SME) size. Also, automotive‐manufacturing SMEs seem to exhibit higher levels of competitive factors compared with non‐automotive manufacturing SMEs.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation of this research is that the survey was taken in the Mid‐western USA and involved only SME manufacturing organizations. The research should be extended to other geographic regions, industry types, and larger organizations.Practical implicationsMany small company managers feel that they have little impact on industry‐wide macro‐economic and industry‐specific forces. This research indicates that managers in SMEs can mitigate some of the negative effects of industry competitive factors through strategy‐making activities.Originality/valueThis research is unique in several ways. It is the only research that has clearly identified and successfully measured the impact of managerial action in SMEs. It demonstrates that managerial action can be measured by comparing the direct and indirect effects of industry competitive forces on performance. It further identifies the need for a self‐assessment tool to measure the effectiveness of managerial action of top managers in SMEs.

scholarly journals Contribution of vitamin D status as a determinant of cardiometabolic risk factors: a structural equation model, National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Nikooyeh ◽  
Tirang R. Neyestani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Abstract Background Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a method used to evaluate linear causal relationships among variables. This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of serum 25(OH) D on certain cardiovascular risk factors using SEM. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in six provinces of Iran. Subjects (n = 922), aged 19–65 years, were selected from National Food and Nutrition Surveillance. The assessments were sun-exposure behavior, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. A series of SEM models were tested and the model with the best fit indices was considered for use in the structural part of the model. Based on the literature review of previous theoretical models and supporting bivariate analyses, an overall SEM examined direct or indirect associations among observed and latent variables. We put the demographic, duration of sun exposure, anthropometric and metabolic variables in our model. Results The paths between serum 25(OH) D and BMI were inverse and statistically significant, whereas age showed a positive association with BMI (B = 0.06, p < 0.001), both direct (st. effect = 0.11, p = 0.01) and indirect via vitamin D (st. effect = − 0.02, p = 0.01). The results confirmed that serum 25(OH) D concentration is a predictor for latent variable of lipid profile (B = − 0.13, p = 0.01) both through direct (p = 0.02) and indirect effects via BMI (p = 0.01). Conclusion Serum 25(OH) D concentration is a predictor of BMI and also a latent variable of lipid profile via direct and indirect effects. It can also attenuate the harmful effect of age on BMI and lipid profile particularly in women.

scholarly journals Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Jamshidi ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Shayan Mostafaee ◽  
Ebrahem Shakiba ◽  
yahya pasdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Male And Female

Abstract Background: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling.Patients and methods:We analyzed data from baseline phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of factors related to GFR,separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling.Results: Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.20%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.80%). The obtained mean and standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.31) per 1.73 . GFR for 0.2%, 11.3%, 73.0% and 15.50% of people were <30, , and , respectively. Hypertension and aging in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a lower effect on GFR. Blood urea nitrogen and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, were associated with a lower GFR. In female, diabetes had a lower direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with uper and indirectly associated with lower GFR.Conclusion: According to our results, aging, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high lipid profile, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, are in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

scholarly journals Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Jamshidi ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Shayan Mostafaee ◽  
Ebrahem Shakiba ◽  
yahya pasdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Male And Female

Abstract Background: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function, both in healthy and diseased people. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess a causal model to show direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling. Patients and methods : We analyzed data from recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of the associated factors on GFR, separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling. Results : Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.2%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.8%). The obtained standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.3) per 1.73 . Filtration rate for 11.52%, 72.96% and 15.50% of people were <60, and , respectively. Hypertension in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a decreasing effect on GFR. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, was associated with a decrease in GFR. In female, diabetes had a decreasing direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with increasing and indirectly associated with decreasing filtration. Conclusion : According to our results, increasing age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high blood lipids, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

Trauma and Maternal Caregivers as Risks for Executive Function Deficits Among Youth Who Have Sexually Harmed

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107906322098828
Author(s):  
Adam Brown ◽  
Jamie Yoder ◽  
Kristina Fushi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Maternal Attachment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Caregivers ◽  
Executive Functioning Deficits

Despite robust research linking trauma events to the commission of sexual harm by youth, the majority of victims do not become victimizers, imploring us to study potential interceding influences. Some research indicates that intermediary factors like attachment characteristics, trauma symptomatology, and executive functioning may be critical in understanding sexual harm committed by youth. This study explored relationships between trauma events, trauma symptoms, and attachment characteristics, and their relationship to executive functioning in a sample of 196 youth who committed sexual harm. Results revealed bivariate associations between trauma events, symptomatology, and maternal attachment characteristics. Structural equation modeling revealed numerous direct and indirect effects on the path to deficits in executive functioning, and that sexual abuse, above and beyond other forms of traumatic events, contributed to executive functioning deficits via trauma symptoms. The results are contextualized and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ONLINE MEDIA ADVERTISING AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON HONDA MOBILIO BUYING INTEREST THROUGH BRAND AWARENESS (Survey in Region Three Cirebon)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikin Sodikin ◽  
Wachjuni Wachjuni
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Video Advertising ◽  
Analysis Technique

ABSTRACTThis study aims to�determine�the direct and indirect effects of video advertising through online media and product quality on buying interest with brand awareness as an intervening variable. The sample in this study was people in the three regions of�Cirebon�with the�category�of having seen video advertisements on online media, having driven or bought a Honda�Mobilio�product and were over 20 years old with samples taken as many as 100 people. This research instrument in the form of a questionnaire by distributing through the help of Google forms. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The test results of the proposed hypothesis show that (1) video advertising through online media has no effect on brand awareness and is significant. (2) video advertisements through online media have no effect on buying interest and are not significant. (3) product quality influences brand awareness and is significant. (4) product quality has no effect on buying interest and is not significant. (5) brand awareness has no influence on buying interest and is significant. (6) Variable video advertisements through online media and product quality together affect brand awareness. (7) video advertising through online media, product quality and brand awareness together influence buying interest. (8) video advertising through online media has no effect on buying interest through brand awareness. (9) product quality influences buying interest through brand awareness.Keywords: Video Advertising Through Online Media, Product Quality, Buy Brand Awareness

scholarly journals Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Jamshidi ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Shayan Mostafaee ◽  
Ebrahem Shakiba ◽  
yahya pasdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Male And Female

Abstract Background: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function, both in healthy and diseased people. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess a causal model to show direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling. Patients and methods : We analyzed data from recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of the associated factors on GFR, separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling. Results : Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.2%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.8%). The obtained standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.3) per 1.73 . Filtration rate for 11.52%, 72.96% and 15.50% of people were <60, and , respectively. Hypertension in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a decreasing effect on GFR. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, was associated with a decrease in GFR. In female, diabetes had a decreasing direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with increasing and indirectly associated with decreasing filtration. Conclusion : According to our results, increasing age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high blood lipids, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

scholarly journals Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Jamshidi ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Shayan Mostafaee ◽  
Ebrahem Shakiba ◽  
yahya pasdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Male And Female

Abstract Background: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling.Patients and methods:We analyzed data from baseline phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of factors related to GFR,separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling.Results: Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.20%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.80%). The obtained mean and standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.31) per 1.73 . GFR for 0.2%, 11.3%, 73.0% and 15.50% of people were <30, , and , respectively. Hypertension and aging in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a lower effect on GFR. Blood urea nitrogen and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, were associated with a lower GFR. In female, diabetes had a lower direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with uper and indirectly associated with lower GFR.Conclusion: According to our results, aging, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high lipid profile, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, are in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

Impact of rumination and regret on depression among new employees in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Yu ◽  
Junbo Chen ◽  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

We examined the mediating effect of regret in the relationship between rumination and depression in new employees in China. Newly employed staff members of 2 Chinese firms (N = 376) completed a survey to measure their rumination, regret, and depression. We used structural equation modeling to test the mediating effect of regret in this relationship, and bootstrapping methods to assess the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects. The results indicated that the direct effect of rumination on depression was significant. We also found a significant indirect effect of rumination on depression through the mediator of regret. The findings extend those of prior studies and shed light on how rumination affects depression among new employees in China, in that regret can partially mediate the effect of rumination on depression.

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