scholarly journals Overlooked Diversity of Ultramicrobacterial Minorities at the Air-Sea Interface

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Helge-Ansgar Giebel ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
Oliver Wurl ◽  
Alexander J. Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Marine Surface ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Candidate Phyla Radiation

Members of the Candidate phylum Patescibacteria, also called Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), are described as ultramicrobacteria with limited metabolic capacities. Wide diversity and relative abundances up to 80% in anaerobic habitats, e.g., in groundwater or sediments are characteristic for Candidatus Patescibacteria. However, only few studies exist for marine surface water. Here, we report the presence of 40 patescibacterial candidate clades at air-sea interfaces, including the upper water layer, floating foams and the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a < 1 mm layer at the boundary between ocean and atmosphere. Particle-associated (>3 µm) and free-living (3–0.2 µm) samples were obtained from the Jade Bay, North Sea, and 16S rRNA (gene) amplicons were analyzed. Although the abundance of Cand. Patescibacteria representatives were relatively low (<1.3%), members of Cand. Kaiserbacteria and Cand. Gracilibacteria were found in all samples. This suggests profound aerotolerant capacities of these phylogenetic lineages at the air-sea interface. The presence of ultramicrobacteria in the >3 µm fraction implies adhesion to bigger aggregates, potentially in anoxic niches, and a symbiotic lifestyle. Due to their small sizes, Cand. Patescibacteria likely become aerosolized to the atmosphere and dispersed to land with possible implications for affecting microbial communities and associated processes in these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas neustonica sp. nov., isolated from the sea surface microlayer of the Ross Sea (Antarctica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3832-3838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwang Il Jang ◽  
Inae Lee ◽  
Tran Thu Ha ◽  
Soo Jung Yoon ◽  
Yeon Ju Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated SSM26T and SSM44, were isolated from a sea surface microlayer sample from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains SSM26T and SSM44 revealed a clear affiliation with the genus Pseudomonas . Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, strains SSM26T and SSM44 showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with the species Pseudomonas sabulinigri KCTC 22137T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity level of 98.5 %. Strains SSM26T and SSM44 grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0–7.5 and 0.5–10.0 % NaCl (w/v). The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1  ω7c (31.3–34.9 %), C16 : 0 (15.5–20.2 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω7c/C16 : 1  ω6c; 19.5–25.4 %) and C12 : 0 (6.0–9.3 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of each strain was 56.2 mol%. Genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strains SSM26T and SSM44 constituted a single species that was clearly distinguishable from its phylogenetically close relatives. The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic data also showed that strains SSM26T and SSM44 could be distinguished from validly published members of the genus Pseudomonas . Thus, these strains should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas neustonica sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain SSM26T (=KCCM 43193T=JCM 31284T=PAMC 28426T) and a sister strain SSM44 (=KCCM 43194=JCM 31285=PAMC 28427).

scholarly journals Sandaracinobacter neustonicus sp. nov., isolated from the sea surface microlayer in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, and emended description of the genus Sandaracinobacter

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4698-4703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inae Lee ◽  
Gwang Il Jang ◽  
Yirang Cho ◽  
Soo Jung Yoon ◽  
Ha My Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated PAMC 28131T, was isolated from a sea surface microlayer sample in the open water of the Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PAMC 28131T revealed an affiliation to the genus Sandaracinobacter with the closest species Sandaracinobacter sibiricus RB16-17T (sequence similarity of 98.2 %). Strain PAMC 28131T was able to grow optimally with 0.5–1.0 % NaCl and at pH 6.5–7.0 and 30 °C. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C18 : 1  ω6c and/or C18 : 1  ω7c, (42.6 %), C17 : 1  ω6c (19.3 %) and C16 : 1  ω6c and/or C16 : 1  ω7c (15.8 %), and the respiratory quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content was 65.3 mol%. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data showed that strain PAMC 28131T could be clearly distinguished from S. sibiricus RB16-17T. Thus, strain PAMC 28131T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Sandaracinobacter , for which the name Sandaracinobacter neustonicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 28131T (=KCCM 43127T=JCM 30734T).

scholarly journals Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
Helge-Ansgar Giebel ◽  
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa ◽  
Oliver Wurl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

ABSTRACT The occurrence of foams at oceans’ surfaces is patchy and generally short-lived, but a detailed understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting sea foams is lacking. Here, we investigated how marine foams differ from the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a &lt;1-mm-thick layer at the air–sea interface, and underlying water from 1 m depth. Samples of sea foams, SML and underlying water collected from the North Sea and Timor Sea indicated that foams were often characterized by a high abundance of small eukaryotic phototrophic and prokaryotic cells as well as a high concentration of surface-active substances (SAS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA (gene) revealed distinctive foam bacterial communities compared with SML and underlying water, with high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria. Typical SML dwellers such as Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio were highly abundant, active foam inhabitants and thus might enhance foam formation and stability by producing SAS. Despite a clear difference in the overall bacterial community composition between foam and SML, the presence of SML bacteria in foams supports the previous assumption that foam is strongly influenced by the SML. We conclude that active and abundant bacteria from interfacial habitats potentially contribute to foam formation and stability, carbon cycling and air–sea exchange processes in the ocean.

scholarly journals PCBs and PAHs in sea-surface microlayer and sub-surface water samples of the Venice Lagoon (Italy)

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Manodori ◽  
A. Gambaro ◽  
R. Piazza ◽  
S. Ferrari ◽  
A.M. Stortini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Surface Water Samples

scholarly journals Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
Helge-Ansgar Giebel ◽  
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa ◽  
Oliver Wurl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

AbstractThe occurrence of foams at oceans’ surfaces is patchy and generally short-lived but a detailed understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting sea foams is lacking. Here we investigated how marine foams differ from the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a <1 mm thick layer at the air-sea interface and underlying water from 1 m depth. Samples of sea foams, SML and underlying water collected from the North Sea and Timor Sea indicated that foams were often characterized by a high abundance of small eukaryotic phototrophic and prokaryotic cells as well as a high concentration of surface-active substances (SAS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA (gene) revealed a distinctive foam bacterial community compared to SML and underlying water, with high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria. Especially Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio, typical SML dwellers, were highly abundant, active foam inhabitants and thus might enhance foam formation and stability by producing SAS. Despite a clear difference in the overall bacterial community composition between foam and SML, the presence of SML bacteria in foams supports previous assumptions that foam is strongly influenced by the SML. We conclude that active and abundant bacteria from interfacial habitats potentially contribute to foam formation and stability, carbon cycling and air-sea exchange processes in the ocean.One-sentence summaryFloating foams at the oceans’ surface have a unique bacterial community signature in contrast to sea-surface microlayer and underlying water but receive and select for bacterial inhabitants from surface habitats.

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