scholarly journals Rainwater Chemistry Reveals Air Pollution in a Karst Forest: Temporal Variations, Source Apportionment, and Implications for the Forest

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Guilin Han
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Rainwater Chemistry ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Pmf Model

Temporal rainwater chemistry was used to reveal air pollution in the Maolan National Karst Forest Park (MNKFP), which is representative of the typical karst forest region of southwest China (SW China). The rainwater ions’ sources, variations, trends, and potential environmental effects were investigated from 2007 to 2010 and from 2013 to 2014. Based on the analysis of the temporal ionic concentrations of rainwater in the MNKFP, significant variations of ions were observed, including in NH4+ (9.7~266.6 μeq L−1) and SO42− (14.5~1396.4 μeq L−1), which were mainly controlled by variations in the source and rainfall amount; a decreased trend of rainwater pH was also observed. Accordingly, NH4+, Ca2+, SO42−, and Cl− were regarded as the most dominant ions. Typical ionic ratios and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model-based source apportionment suggested that anthropogenic inputs (coal combustion, industrial, traffic, and agricultural emissions) contributed 51% of F−, 93% of NO3−, 62% of SO42−, and 87% of NH4+, while the natural sources (crustal dust and sea salt) were the main sources of Cl− (74%), Na+ (82%), K+ (79%), Mg2+ (94%), and Ca2+ (93%). In combination with the reducing neutralization trend of temporal rainwater observed in the MNKFP and the potential effect of rainwater ion deposition on karst forests, more detailed monitoring of the rainfall-related deposition process is required for a better understanding of its potential environmental effects on the Earth’s surface.

scholarly journals First-Time Source Apportionment Analysis of Deposited Particulate Matter from a Moss Biomonitoring Study in Northern Greece

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysoula Betsou ◽  
Evangelia Diapouli ◽  
Evdoxia Tsakiri ◽  
Lambrini Papadopoulou ◽  
Marina Frontasyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Moss Biomonitoring ◽  
High Concentrations

Moss biomonitoring is a widely used technique for monitoring the accumulation of trace elements in airborne pollution. A total of one hundred and five samples, mainly of the Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. moss species, were collected from the Northern Greece during the 2015/2016 European ICP Vegetation (International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops) moss survey, which also included samples from the metalipherous area of Skouries. They were analyzed by means of neutron activation analysis, and the elemental concentrations were determined. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to the results obtained for source apportionment. According to the PMF model, five sources were identified: soil dust, aged sea salt, road dust, lignite power plants, and a Mn-rich source. The soil dust source contributed the most to almost all samples (46% of elemental concentrations, on average). Two areas with significant impact from anthropogenic activities were identified. In West Macedonia, the emissions from a lignite power plant complex located in the area have caused high concentrations of Ni, V, Cr, and Co. The second most impacted area was Skouries, where mining activities and vehicular traffic (probably related to the mining operations) led to high concentrations of Mn, Ni, V, Co, Sb, and Cr.

scholarly journals Impact of VOCs on the formation of ozone in a central China city during severe pollution periods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowei Li ◽  
Steven Sai Hang Ho ◽  
Sunling Gong ◽  
Jingwei Ni ◽  
Huairui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Central China ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ozone Formation Potential ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
First Time

Abstract. In this work, a five-month sampling campaign was conducted for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the first time in Zhengzhou City, Henan province, China, where ozone (O3) pollution has shown an increasing trend in recent years. Fifty-seven VOCs defined by the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) were sampled using canister method. Meanwhile, other O3 precursor gases were monitored online at four different sites between the time period of May–September, 2017. The results indicated that the average mixing ratio of ΣPAMS (31.57 ± 23.35 ppbv) in Zhengzhou was lower than the other megacities in China, while alkyne was in a significantly higher proportion. The abundances, compositions and ratios of PAMS showed strong spatial and temporal variations. Alkenes were the largest contributors to the ozone formation potential (OFP). On clear days, higher O3 levels were often accompanied with high ΣPAMS/NOx ratio at each site, demonstrating that the VOCs were more sensitive during the O3 formation period in Zhengzhou. Furthermore, source apportionmemt was conducted with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, and it was found that the use of compressed natural gas (CNG), the evaporation of gasoline and the exhaust from vehicles were the important sources for ambient VOCs at all four sites. Besides, the meterological conditions and long-range transport from other surrounding provinces also had an impact on the air quality determined using the cluster analysis. It is worth mentioning that the reduction in VOCs' emissions is necessary to suppress the O3 pollution.

scholarly journals Gaseous and particulate urban air pollution in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia)

2015 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Slavica Malinovic-Milicevic ◽  
Dragutin Mihailovic ◽  
Emilija Nikolic-Djoric ◽  
Marija Jevtic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Calm Wind

The present study focuses on interpretations of the temporal variations and variations between urban locations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black smoke (BS) during the period 2001-2008 in the Vojvodina Region of Serbia (VR_S). In this study we examined variations of pollutants concentrations during household heating and non-heating seasons and the effect of household heating, traffic, rainfall and wind speed on the air pollution levels of SO2, NO2 and BS in eight locations. The analyses showed that the annual limit values of these pollutants as recommended by the Serbian regulations and recommendations were not exceeded, unlike the daily limits. Higher SO2 concentrations during household heating season in four locations indicate the substantial impact of house?hold heating on air quality. Positive effects of the use of environmentally cleaner fuels were observed in only two locations. The growing impact of traffic on air pollution is shown by the increasing trend of NO2 during both seasons. Calm wind conditions and an absence of rainfall were found to have incremental effects on pollution levels in most locations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Temporal Variations of Air Pollutant Concentrations in Ogoni Area, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
B. Yorkor ◽  
T. G. Leton ◽  
J. N. Ugbebor
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations

This study investigated the temporal variations of air pollutant concentrations in Ogoni area, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study used hourly data measured over 8 hours for 12 months at selected locations within the area. The analyses were based on time series and time variations techniques in Openair packages of R programming software. The variations of air pollutant concentrations by time of day and days of week were simulated. Hours of the day, days of the week and monthly variations were graphically simulated. Variations in the mean concentrations of air pollutants by time were determined at 95 % confidence intervals. Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground level Ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations exceeded permissible standards. Air pollutant concentrations showed increase in January, February, November and December compared to other months. Simulation showed that air pollutants varied significantly by hours-of-the-day and days-of-the-week and months-of-the-year. Analysis of temporal variability revealed that air pollutant concentrations increased during weekdays and decreased during weekends. The temporal variability of air pollutants in Ogoni area showed that anthropogenic activities were the main sources of air pollution in the area, therefore further studies are required to determine air pollutant dispersion pattern and evaluation the potential sources of air pollution in the area.

scholarly journals PARTICULATE MATTER: AN APPROACH TO AIR POLLUTION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Olawale Abulude
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Made In

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the problems faced in environmental science. It has health effects on man and animals in both developed and developing countries. Research and efforts have been on it several years back. Policy statements and efforts have been published. This review paper is an added information on air pollution. In it, efforts were made in discussing these: classification, effects, methodology, case studies and source apportionment. It is hoped that this paper would contribute to existing knowledge on PM.

scholarly journals An Integrated Method for Factor Number Selection of PMF Model: Case Study on Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in Wuhan

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenjuan Wang ◽  
Zhenyi Zhang ◽  
Costanza Acciai ◽  
Zhangxiong Zhong ◽  
Zhaokai Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Measurement Period

The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model is widely used for source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The question about how to select the proper number of factors, however, is rarely studied. In this study, an integrated method to determine the most appropriate number of sources was developed and its application was demonstrated by case study in Wuhan. The concentrations of 103 ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured intensively using online gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) during spring 2014 in an urban residential area of Wuhan, China. During the measurement period, the average temperature was approximately 25 °C with very little domestic heating and cooling. The concentrations of the most abundant VOCs (ethane, ethylene, propane, acetylene, n-butane, benzene, and toluene) in Wuhan were comparable to other studies in urban areas in China and other countries. The newly developed integrated method to determine the most appropriate number of sources is in combination of a fixed minimum threshold value for the correlation coefficient, the average weighted correlation coefficient of each species, and the normalized minimum error. Seven sources were identified by using the integrated method, and they were vehicular emissions (45.4%), industrial emissions (22.5%), combustion of coal (14.7%), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (9.7%), industrial solvents (4.4%), and pesticides (3.3%) and refrigerants. The orientations of emission sources have been characterized taking into account the frequency of wind directions and contributions of sources in each wind direction for the measurement period. It has been concluded that the vehicle exhaust contribution is greater than 40% distributed in all directions, whereas industrial emissions are mainly attributed to the west southwest and south southwest.

scholarly journals Secondary organic aerosol enhanced by increasing atmospheric oxidizing capacity in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Feng ◽  
Shuyu Zhao ◽  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Suixin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
And Control

Abstract. The implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in China since 2013 has profoundly altered the ambient pollutants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH). Here we show observations of substantially increased O3 concentration (about 30 %) and a remarkable increase in the ratio of organic carbon (OC) to elemental carbon (EC) in BTH during the autumn from 2013 to 2015, revealing an enhancement in atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. To explore the impacts of increasing AOC on the SOA formation, a severe air pollution episode from 3 to 8 October 2015 with high O3 and PM2.5 concentrations is simulated using the WRF-Chem model. The model performs reasonably well in simulating the spatial distributions of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations over BTH and the temporal variations of PM2.5, O3, NO2, OC, and EC concentrations in Beijing compared to measurements. Sensitivity studies show that the change in AOC substantially influences the SOA formation in BTH. A sensitivity case characterized by a 31 % O3 decrease (or 36 % OH decrease) reduces the SOA level by about 30 % and the SOA fraction in total organic aerosol by 17 % (from 0.52 to 0.43). Spatially, the SOA decrease caused by reduced AOC is ubiquitous in BTH, but the spatial relationship between SOA concentrations and the AOC is dependent on the SOA precursor distribution. Studies on SOA formation pathways further show that, when the AOC is reduced, the SOA from oxidation, partitioning of semi-volatile POA and co-emitted intermediate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decreases remarkably, followed by those from anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs. Meanwhile, the SOA decrease in the irreversible uptake of glyoxal and methylglyoxal on aerosol surfaces is negligible.

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