The European Beech Annual Tree Ring Widths Time Series, Solar–Climatic Relationships and Solar Dynamo Regime Changes

In this study, the results from the analysis of annual ring widths (‘Dm’) time series of two “very sensitive” to the climate and solar–climate relationships of long lived European beech (Fagus sylvatica) samples (on age of 209 ± 1 and 245 ± 5 years correspondingly) are discussed. Both series are characterized by very good expressed and relating to the solar magnetic Hale cycle 20–22-year oscillations. A good coincidence between the changes of ‘Dm’ and the growth or fading of the solar magnetic cycle is found. The transition effects at the beginning and ending of the grand Dalton (1793–1833) and Gleissberg minima (1898–1933) are very clearly visible in the annual tree ring width data for the one of beech samples. Some of these effects are also detected in the second sample. The problem for the possible “lost” sunspot cycle at the end of 18th century is also discussed. A prediction for a possible “phase catastrophe” during the future Zurich sunspot cycles 26 and 27 between 2035–2040 AD as well as for general precipitation upward and temperature fall tendencies in Central Bulgaria, more essential after 2030 AD, are brought forth.

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Study on European Beech Annual Tree Ring Widths Time Series, Solar–Climatic Relationships and Solar Dynamo Regime Changes

10.9734/bpi/cagees/v1/14474d ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-100

Author(s):

Boris Komitov

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Tree Ring ◽

European Beech ◽

Solar Dynamo ◽

Regime Changes

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Different Wood Anatomical and Growth Responses in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at Three Forest Sites in Slovenia

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.669229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Domen Arnič ◽

Jožica Gričar ◽

Jernej Jevšenak ◽

Gregor Božič ◽

Georg von Arx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Ring Width ◽

European Beech ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Vessel Area ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) adapts to local growing conditions to enhance its performance. In response to variations in climatic conditions, beech trees adjust leaf phenology, cambial phenology, and wood formation patterns, which result in different tree-ring widths (TRWs) and wood anatomy. Chronologies of tree ring width and vessel features [i.e., mean vessel area (MVA), vessel density (VD), and relative conductive area (RCTA)] were produced for the 1960–2016 period for three sites that differ in climatic regimes and spring leaf phenology (two early- and one late-flushing populations). These data were used to investigate long-term relationships between climatic conditions and anatomical features of four quarters of tree-rings at annual and intra-annual scales. In addition, we investigated how TRW and vessel features adjust in response to extreme weather events (i.e., summer drought). We found significant differences in TRW, VD, and RCTA among the selected sites. Precipitation and maximum temperature before and during the growing season were the most important climatic factors affecting TRW and vessel characteristics. We confirmed differences in climate-growth relationships between the selected sites, late flushing beech population at Idrija showing the least pronounced response to climate. MVA was the only vessel trait that showed no relationship with TRW or other vessel features. The relationship between MVA and climatic factors evaluated at intra-annual scale indicated that vessel area in the first quarter of tree-ring were mainly influenced by climatic conditions in the previous growing season, while vessel area in the second to fourth quarters of tree ring width was mainly influenced by maximum temperature and precipitation in the current growing season. When comparing wet and dry years, beech from all sites showed a similar response, with reduced TRW and changes in intra-annual variation in vessel area. Our findings suggest that changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as predicted by most climate change scenarios will affect tree-ring increments and wood structure in beech, yet the response between sites or populations may differ.

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Dendroecological reconstructions of forest disturbance history using time-series analysis with intervention detection

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-020 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 868-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Daniel L Druckenbrod

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Forest Disturbance ◽

Ring Width ◽

Fagus Grandifolia ◽

Disturbance History ◽

Series Analysis ◽

Growth Increments ◽

Width Measurements

The detection of release events in the annual growth increments of trees has become a central and widely applied method for reconstructing the disturbance history of forests. While numerous approaches have been developed for identifying release events, the preponderance of these methods relies on running means that compare the percent change in growth rates. These methods do not explicitly account for the autocorrelation present within tree-ring width measurements and may introduce spurious events. This paper utilizes autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) processes to model tree-ring time series and incorporates intervention detection to identify pulse and step outliers as well as changes in trends indicative of a deterministic exogenous influence on past growth. This approach is evaluated by applying it to three chronologies from the Forest Responses to Anthropogenic Stress (FORAST) project that were impacted by prior disturbance events. The examples include a hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) chronology from New Hampshire, a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) chronology from Pennsylvania, and an American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) chronology from Virginia. All three chronologies exhibit a clustering of step, pulse, and trend interventions subsequent to a known or likely disturbance event. Time-series analysis offers an alternative approach for identifying prior forest disturbances via tree rings based on statistical methods applicable across species and disturbance regimes.

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Temperature variations since the mid-18th century for western Nepal, as reconstructed from tree-ring width and density of Abies spectabilis

Dendrochronologia ◽

10.1016/j.dendro.2005.08.003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Masaki Sano ◽

Fumito Furuta ◽

Osamu Kobayashi ◽

Tatsuo Sweda

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

18Th Century ◽

Ring Width ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Temperature Variations ◽

Abies Spectabilis

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Cross-dating tree-ring series of living European beech by isochronic weather records

Geochronometria ◽

10.1515/geochr-2015-0030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 48-58

Author(s):

Denisa Sedmáková ◽

Róbert Sedmák ◽

Michal Bosel’a ◽

Marek Ježík ◽

Roman Sitko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Ring Width ◽

Main Idea ◽

European Beech ◽

Combined Method ◽

Good Ability ◽

The Cross ◽

Width Measurements ◽

Cross Dating

Abstract The main objective of the study is to facilitate cross-dating of sensitive tree-ring series from living European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees in the absence of a regional chronology. The main idea lies in the preliminary dating of marker rings or ring patterns visually identified on the wood (before the ring-width measurements), which is independently validated through a moving correlation between a tentative reference chronology and instrumental climate records (after the ring-width measurements). Following the detection of low moving correlations, potentially misdated segments or series are re-examined and a new tentative reference chronology is constructed. The process is repeated as long as a higher correlation with climate is obtainable. The applicability of this method was investigated on three difficult-to-date sets of tree-ring series of beech trees which were growing at temperature- or precipitation-sensitive locations in under-canopy or canopy positions. A good ability of the combined method for the cross-dating was practiced on datasets almost impossible to cross-date by commonly used approaches. Highlighting the actual correlation of ring widths with climate in tree-ring series makes the cross-dating process more independent from human decisions, so the com-bined cross-dating has the potential to improve the reliability of various dendrochronological studies.

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Annual Reconstruction of the Solar Cycle from Atmospheric 14C Variations

Australian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1071/ph900357 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 357 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JO Murphy

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Solar Cycle ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Annual Variation ◽

Sunspot Cycle ◽

Ring Width ◽

Historical Records ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Carbon 14 ◽

Sunspot Numbers

Initially, the rise and fall components of the ll-year solar sunspot cycle are approximated by separate least-squares polynomials for four cycle classifications, which are determined by the magnitude of the average of the annual sunspot numbers per cycle. Following, a method is formulated to generate detailed reconstruction of the annual variation of a solar cycle based on this cycle average, and the results obtained for cycles -4 through to 21 are compared with the annual Zurich values. This procedure is then employed to establish annual sunspot numbers using published average cycle values obtained from atmospheric carbon 14 variations, which have been derived from the chemical analysis of tree ring sections. The reconstructed sequences are correlated with the observed cycle values and with tree ring width index chronologies which exhibit a significant II-year periodicity. It is anticipated that the long carbon 14 records and parallel dendrochronological data could be employed to obtain a more detailed portrayal of previous periods of strong solar activity than that given by current estimates based on historical records.

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Response of the leaf phenology and tree-ring width of European beech to climate variability

Silva Fennica ◽

10.14214/sf.1520 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tomáš Kolář ◽

Kyriaki Giagli ◽

Miroslav Trnka ◽

Emílie Bednářová ◽

Hanuš Vavrčík ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

European Beech ◽

Leaf Phenology ◽

Tree Ring Width

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Coherent Region-, Species-, and Frequency-Dependent Local Climate Signals in Northern Hemisphere Tree-Ring Widths*

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/2011jcli3822.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (23) ◽

pp. 5998-6012 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Justin J. Wettstein ◽

Jeremy S. Littell ◽

John M. Wallace ◽

Ze’ev Gedalof

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Frequency Component ◽

Summer Temperature ◽

Frequency Dependent ◽

Local Climate ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Species Specific

Abstract Patterns of correlation between tree rings and local temperature or precipitation are investigated using 762 International Tree-Ring Data Bank standardized ring width site chronology time series, and a gridded dataset of temperature and precipitation. Coherent regional- and, in some cases, hemispheric-scale patterns of correlation are found in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere for both the summer prior to and the summer concurrent with ring width formation across different species and over large distances. Among those chronologies that are primarily linked to temperature, thicker ring widths are generally associated with anomalously cool prior summer temperature and anomalously warm concurrent summer temperature. Reconstructions of local summer temperature using prior, concurrent, and/or subsequent year ring widths as predictors demonstrate that useful climate–growth information generally exists in ring widths that are both concurrent with and subsequent to the summer temperature anomaly. Consistent prior summer temperature–ring width relationships have received relatively little previous attention. Among those chronologies that are primarily linked to precipitation, thicker ring widths are generally associated with high summer precipitation in both the year prior to and the year concurrent with ring formation. The magnitude and spatial consistency of temperature correlations are greater than those for precipitation, at least on the hemispheric scale. These results support and serve to generalize the conclusions of prior regionally restricted and/or species-specific studies relating ring width to energy and/or water limitations. Regional- and hemispheric-scale patterns of ring width–temperature or ring width–precipitation correlations show up more clearly in species-specific and frequency-dependent analyses. Different species respond differently to temperature and precipitation anomalies. Consistent with the hemispheric patterns described above, most standardized ring width time series more faithfully record the high frequency component of the temperature signal than the low frequency component. The potential for enhanced coherence in regionally restricted, species-specific, and frequency-dependent analyses is independently verified by examining the correlation between ring width time series over geographical distance. This broader characterization of relationships between tree-ring widths and local climate provides an objective basis for selecting tree ring or other similarly high-resolution proxy data for regional-, hemispheric-, or global-scale paleoclimate reconstructions.

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High-resolution <sup>14</sup>C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 3539-3564

Author(s):

Franziska Slotta ◽

Lukas Wacker ◽

Frank Riedel ◽

Karl-Uwe Heußner ◽

Kai Hartmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Stable Isotope ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Secondary Growth ◽

Ring Width ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Adansonia Digitata ◽

Tree Ring Cellulose

Abstract. The African baobab, Adansonia digitata L., has great paleoclimatological potential because of its wide distributional range and millennial length life span. However, dendroclimatological approaches are hampered by dating uncertainties due to its unique, parenchyma-dominated stem anatomy. Here, securely dated time series of annual wood increment growth and intra-ring stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen of cellulose for a baobab tree from Oman covering 1941 to 2005 were established and tested for relationships to hydroclimate variability. Precise dating with the atomic bomb peak (ABP) using highly resolved 14C measurements confirmed the annual character of the baobab's growth rings. F14C values of tree-ring cellulose were found up to 8.8 % lower than in the corresponding atmospheric CO2 for the period around the ABP, which in conjunction with a considerable autocorrelation of the δ13C series points to the incorporation of previous year's carbon contributing to the average age of intra-ring wood samples. F14C of terminal parenchyma bands, marking the tree-ring boundaries, were found to be considerably younger than their corresponding tree ring, indicating that parenchyma tissue is alive for many years, probably undergoing cell division and structural reorganization and contributing to secondary growth. In contrast to the δ13C time series, no significant autocorrelation was found in the δ18O series of tree-ring cellulose despite the enormous water storage potential of this stem-succulent tree species. Year-to-year variability in tree-ring width and stable isotope ratios revealed radial stem growth and the geochemistry of wood cellulose are influenced by fluctuations in the hydroclimate. In particular, δ18O was found to be a good climate proxy, followed by tree-ring width and δ13C. Tree-ring width and intra-ring δ18Omin correlated well with each other and with precipitation amount for the period from pre-monsoon May to the end of the monsoon season in September/October. Intra-annual stable isotope courses were found to be rather similar for both δ13C and δ18O. Years with particularly low monsoon rain were reflected by increased stable isotope values in the mid-section of intra-annual courses. Distinct patterns with low subseasonal isotope values seem indicative for years with heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones. Rain events from post-monsoonal cyclones may also be recorded; however, only 2 years of observation prevented a more conclusive evaluation.

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