scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of Lithium Metal Anodes

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Sanaz Momeni Boroujeni ◽  
Alexander Fill ◽  
Alexander Ridder ◽  
Kai Peter Birke
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
Metal Anodes

Lithium metal anodes have again attracted widespread attention due to the continuously growing demand of cells with higher energy density. However, the lithium deposition mechanism and the affecting process of influencing factors, such as temperature, cycling current density, and electrolyte composition are not fully understood and require further investigation. In this article, the behavior of lithium metal anode at different temperatures (25, 40, and 60 ∘C), lithium salts, electrolyte concentrations (1 and 2 M), and the applied cell current (equivalent to 0.5 C, 1 C, and 2 C). is investigated. Two different salts were evaluated: lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesul-fonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The cells at a medium temperature (40 ∘C) show the highest Coulombic efficiency (CE). However, shorter cycle life is observed compared to the experiments at room temperature (25 ∘C). Regardless of electrolyte type and C-rate, the higher temperature of 60 ∘C provides the worst Coulombic efficiency and cycle life among those at the examined temperatures. A higher C-rate has a positive effect on the stability over the cycle life of the lithium cells. The best performance in terms of long cycle life and relatively good Coulombic efficiency is achieved by fast charging the cell with high concentration LiFSI in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) electrolyte at a temperature of 25 ∘C. The cell has an average Coulombic efficiency of 0.987 over 223 cycles. In addition to galvanostatic experiments, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed to study the evolution of the interface under different conditions during cycling.

scholarly journals Quantification of the ion transport mechanism in protective polymer coatings on lithium metal anodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyao Zhou ◽  
Haodong Liu ◽  
Xing Xing ◽  
Zijun Wang ◽  
Sicen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
Protective Polymer ◽  
Deposition Morphology ◽  
Metal Anodes

Protective Polymer Coatings (PPCs) protect lithium metal anodes in rechargeable batteries to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and to extend the cycle life by reducing parasitic reactions and improving the lithium deposition morphology.

Excellent Cycle Life of Lithium-Metal Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine-Coated Separators

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Hyun Ryou ◽  
Dong Jin Lee ◽  
Je-Nam Lee ◽  
Yong Min Lee ◽  
Jung-Ki Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
Metal Anodes

scholarly journals Leveraging Cation Identity to Engineer Solid Electrolyte Interphases for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Anodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard May ◽  
Yumin Zhang ◽  
Steven R. Denny ◽  
Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan ◽  
Lauren Marbella
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metal Anodes

<p>Lithium metal anodes enable substantially higher energy density than current technologies for Li batteries. However, rechargeable Li metal anodes suffer from low Coulombic efficiency (loss of electrochemically active Li), leading to poor cycle life and safety. Engineering the electrolyte formulation to form a stable, well-functioning solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a promising approach to improving these performance figures of merit. While design rules have been established for selecting electrolyte solvents and salt anions to establish a more robust SEI, the impact of altering cation identity is not well understood. In this work, we demonstrate that alkali metal additives (here, K<sup>+</sup>) alter SEI composition and thickness. Through post-mortem elemental analyses, we show that K<sup>+</sup> ions do not directly participate in metal electrodeposition, but rather modify the chemical and electrochemical reactivity of the electrode-electrolyte interface. Through a combination of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we show that decomposition of electrolyte solvent molecules, ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), at the lithium metal surface is suppressed in the presence of a K<sup>+</sup> additive. We attribute this to K<sup>+</sup> being a softer cation compared to Li<sup>+</sup>, leading to preferred pair formation between K<sup>+</sup> and the soft base carbonates, and thus increased salt-solvent coordination. Electrolyte cation engineering is an underexplored strategy to control the SEI, and we believe that the mechanistic understanding and insight developed in this work will spur further investigation of this promising approach.</p>

scholarly journals Favorable Lithium Nucleation on Lithiophilic Framework Porphyrin for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Quan Li ◽  
Xiao-Ru Chen ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Chang-Xin Zhao ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Dendrite Growth ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
Host Materials ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
Excellent Stability ◽  
Metal Anodes

Lithium metal constitutes promising anode materials but suffers from dendrite growth. Lithiophilic host materials are highly considered for achieving uniform lithium deposition. Precise construction of lithiophilic sites with desired structure and homogeneous distribution significantly promotes the lithiophilicity of lithium hosts but remains a great challenge. In this contribution, a framework porphyrin (POF) material with precisely constructed lithiophilic sites in regard to chemical structure and geometric position is employed as the lithium host to address the above issues for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes. The extraordinary lithiophilicity of POF even beyond lithium nuclei validated by DFT simulations and lithium nucleation overpotentials affords a novel mechanism of favorable lithium nucleation to facilitate uniform nucleation and inhibit dendrite growth. Consequently, POF-based anodes demonstrate superior electrochemical performances with high Coulombic efficiency over 98%, reduced average voltage hysteresis, and excellent stability for 300 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2 superior to both Cu and graphene anodes. The favorable lithium nucleation mechanism on POF materials inspires further investigation of lithiophilic electrochemistry and development of lithium metal batteries.

Efficient Low-Temperature Cycling of Lithium Metal Anodes by Tailoring the Solid-Electrolyte Interphase

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2411-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akila C. Thenuwara ◽  
Pralav P. Shetty ◽  
Neha Kondekar ◽  
Stephanie E. Sandoval ◽  
Kelsey Cavallaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
Metal Anodes
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