scholarly journals Comparison of the Anabolic Effects of Reported Osteogenic Compounds on Human Mesenchymal Progenitor-Derived Osteoblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Owen ◽  
Hossein Bahmaee ◽  
Frederik Claeyssens ◽  
Gwendolen C. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Alp Activity

There is variability in the reported effects of compounds on osteoblasts arising from differences in experimental design and choice of cell type/origin. This makes it difficult to discern a compound’s action outside its original study and compare efficacy between compounds. Here, we investigated five compounds frequently reported as anabolic for osteoblasts (17β-estradiol (oestrogen), icariin, lactoferrin, lithium chloride, and menaquinone-4 (MK-4)) on human mesenchymal progenitors to assess their potential for bone tissue engineering with the aim of identifying a potential alternative to expensive recombinant growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Experiments were performed using the same culture conditions to allow direct comparison. The concentrations of compounds spanned two orders of magnitude to encompass the reported efficacious range and were applied continuously for 22 days. The effects on the proliferation (resazurin reduction and DNA quantification), osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), and mineralised matrix deposition (calcium and collagen quantification) were assessed. Of these compounds, only 10 µM MK-4 stimulated a significant anabolic response with 50% greater calcium deposition. Oestrogen and icariin had no significant effects, with the exception of 1 µM icariin, which increased the metabolic activity on days 8 and 22. 1000 µg/mL of lactoferrin and 10 mM lithium chloride both significantly reduced the mineralised matrix deposition in comparison to the vehicle control, despite the ALP activity being higher in lithium chloride-treated cells at day 15. This demonstrates that MK-4 is the most powerful stimulant of bone formation in hES-MPs of the compounds investigated, highlighting its potential in bone tissue engineering as a method of promoting bone formation, as well as its prospective use as an osteoporosis treatment.

scholarly journals A novel gelatin/chitooligosaccharide/demineralized bone matrix composite scaffold and periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakoon Thitiset ◽  
Siriporn Damrongsakkul ◽  
Supansa Yodmuang ◽  
Wilairat Leeanansaksiri ◽  
Jirun Apinun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Alp Activity

Abstract Background A novel biodegradable scaffold including gelatin (G), chitooligosaccharide (COS), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) could play a significant part in bone tissue engineering. The present study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of composite scaffolds in combination of G, COS, and DBM for in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal bioassays. Methods Three-dimensional scaffolds from the mixture of G, COS, and DBM were fabricated into 3 groups, namely, G, GC, and GCD using a lyophilization technique. The scaffolds were cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for 4 weeks to determine biological responses such as cell attachment and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, cell morphology, and cell surface elemental composition. For the in vivo bioassay, G, GC, and GCD, acellular scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in 8-week-old male Wistar rats for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The explants were assessed for new bone formation using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and von Kossa staining. Results The MSCs could attach and proliferate on all three groups of scaffolds. Interestingly, the ALP activity of MSCs reached the greatest value on day 7 after cultured on the scaffolds, whereas the calcium assay displayed the highest level of calcium in MSCs on day 28. Furthermore, weight percentages of calcium and phosphorus on the surface of MSCs after cultivation on the GCD scaffolds increased when compared to those on other scaffolds. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that MSCs attached and proliferated on the scaffold surface thoroughly over the cultivation time. Mineral crystal aggregation was evident in GC and greatly in GCD scaffolds. H&E staining illustrated that G, GC, and GCD scaffolds displayed osteoid after 4 weeks of implantation and von Kossa staining confirmed the mineralization at 8 weeks in G, GC, and GCD scaffolds. Conclusion The MSCs cultured in GCD scaffolds revealed greater osteogenic differentiation than those cultured in G and GC scaffolds. Additionally, the G, GC, and GCD scaffolds could promote in vivo ectopic bone formation in rat model. The GCD scaffolds exhibited maximum osteoinductive capability compared with others and may be potentially used for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Biomimetic coatings for bone tissue engineering of critical-sized defects

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuelian Liu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Klaas de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Biomimetic Coating

The repair of critical-sized bone defects is still challenging in the fields of implantology, maxillofacial surgery and orthopaedics. Current therapies such as autografts and allografts are associated with various limitations. Cytokine-based bone tissue engineering has been attracting increasing attention. Bone-inducing agents have been locally injected to stimulate the native bone-formation activity, but without much success. The reason is that these drugs must be delivered slowly and at a low concentration to be effective. This then mimics the natural method of cytokine release. For this purpose, a suitable vehicle was developed, the so-called biomimetic coating, which can be deposited on metal implants as well as on biomaterials. Materials that are currently used to fill bony defects cannot by themselves trigger bone formation. Therefore, biological functionalization of such materials by the biomimetic method resulted in a novel biomimetic coating onto different biomaterials. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-incorporated biomimetic coating can be a solution for a large bone defect repair in the fields of dental implantology, maxillofacial surgery and orthopaedics. Here, we review the performance of the biomimetic coating both in vitro and in vivo .

scholarly journals Correlating cell morphology and osteoid mineralization relative to strain profile for bone tissue engineering applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Wood ◽  
Y Yang ◽  
E Baas ◽  
D.O Meredith ◽  
R.G Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
Strain Profile ◽  
Pore Model

A number of bone tissue engineering strategies use porous three-dimensional scaffolds in combination with bioreactor regimes. The ability to understand cell behaviour relative to strain profile will allow for the effects of mechanical conditioning in bone tissue engineering to be realized and optimized. We have designed a model system to investigate the effects of strain profile on bone cell behaviour. This simplified model has been designed with a view to providing insight into the types of strain distribution occurring across a single pore of a scaffold subjected to perfusion–compression conditioning. Local strains were calculated at the surface of the pore model using finite-element analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used in secondary electron mode to identify cell morphology within the pore relative to local strains, while backscattered electron detection in combination with X-ray microanalysis was used to identify calcium deposition. Morphology was altered according to the level of strain experienced by bone cells, where cells subjected to compressive strains (up to 0.61%) appeared extremely rounded while those experiencing zero and tensile strain (up to 0.81%) were well spread. Osteoid mineralization was similarly shown to be dose dependent with respect to substrate strain within the pore model, with the highest level of calcium deposition identified in the intermediate zones of tension/compression.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL NANOCOMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING: FROM DESIGN TO APPLICATION

Nano LIFE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250005 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIN DUAN ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
WILLIAM W. LU
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds

Selective laser sintering (SLS), a rapid prototyping technology, was investigated for producing bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Completely biodegradable osteoconductive calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) scaffolds were successfully fabricated via SLS using Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite microspheres. In the SLS manufacturing route, the architecture of tissue engineering scaffolds (pore shape, size, interconnectivity, etc.) can be designed and the sintering process can be optimized for obtaining scaffolds with desirable porous structures and mechanical properties. SLS was also shown to be very effective in producing highly complex porous structures using nanocomposite microspheres. To render SLS-formed Ca-P/PHBV scaffolds osteoinductive, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) could be loaded onto the scaffolds. For achieving a controlled release of rhBMP-2 from scaffolds, surface modification of Ca-P/PHBV scaffolds by gelatin entrapment and heparin immobilization was needed. The immobilized heparin provided binding affinity for rhBMP-2. Surface modified Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 enhanced the proliferation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and also their alkaline phosphatase activity. In in vivo experiments using a rabbit model, surface modified Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 promoted ectopic bone formation, exhibiting their osteoinductivity. The strategy of combining advanced scaffold fabrication, nanocomposite material, and controlled growth factor delivery is promising for bone tissue regeneration.

Analysis of the Dynamics of Bone Formation, Effect of Cell Seeding Density, and Potential of Allogeneic Cells in Cell-Based Bone Tissue Engineering in Goats

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyo Kruyt ◽  
Joost de Bruijn ◽  
Jeroen Rouwkema ◽  
Clemens van Blitterswijk ◽  
Cumhur Oner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Cell Seeding ◽  
Cell Seeding Density

Osteogenesis and Degradability of Bioresorbable Biphasic Gypsum-Carbonated Apatite Granules for Bone Tissue Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Shirin Ibrahim ◽  
Syazana Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohamad Azmirruddin Ahmad ◽  
Nurul Awanis Johan ◽  
Siti Farhana Hisham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Carbonated Apatite

Osteogenesis and degradability of bioresorbable biphasic gypsum-carbonated apatite granules (BPG) were investigated. Three different sizes of gypsum, 300-600 μm (small), 600-1000 μm (medium) and 1000-2000 μm (large), denoted as S, M and L respectively, were developed through the crushing and sieving method. Exposure of gypsum granules in carbonate and phosphate sources formed BPG through dissolution and precipitation mechanism. BPG was firstly examined by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) to confirm its phase and chemical composition respectively. In-vitro cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and adhesion of human osteoblast (hFOB) were investigated for osteogenesis evaluation. Degradability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was characterized by weight loss whereas apatite mineralization on the BPG surface was examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). BPG with 300-600 μm and 600-1000 μm enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hFOB and accelerated differentiation process better than 1000-2000 μm as indicated by cell proliferation and ALP activity. Good hFOB adhesion was observed on all BPG surfaces. The weight loss of L and M was 68% and 59%, respectively, which are higher than S at only 32%, indicating faster degradation of large BPG compared to smaller granules upon immersion for 35 days. This in turn, suggested the ionic dissolution of BPG which has contributed to the apatite formation on its surface. The results suggest, the BPG mimicked the bone matrix, exhibited good osteogenesis and degradability, which might be used as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and osteogenesis of phosphorylated methacrylamide chitosan hydrogels

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (63) ◽  
pp. 36331-36337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huishang Yang ◽  
Shenggui Chen ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Chen Lai ◽  
Xuetao Shi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels

Phosphorylated biopolymers can induce mineralization, mimic the process of natural bone formation, and have the potential as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals The Effect of Simulated Microgravity by Three-Dimensional Clinostat on Bone Tissue Engineering

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Nishikawa ◽  
Hajime Ohgushi ◽  
Noriyuki Tamai ◽  
Koichi Osuga ◽  
Masaru Uemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Surface

Evidence suggests that mechanical stress, including gravity, is associated with osteoblast differentiation and function. To examine effects of microgravity on bone tissue engineering, we used a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Kobe, Japan). A 3D clinostat is a device that generates multidirectional G force. By controlled rotation on two axes, it cancels the cumulative gravity vector at the center of the device. We cultured rat marrow mesenchymal cells (MMCs) in the pores of interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite (IP-CHA) for 2 weeks in the presence of dexamethasone using the 3D clinostat (clinostat group). MMCs cultured using the 3D clinostat exhibited a 40% decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of osteoblastic differentiation), compared with control static cultures (control group). SEM analysis revealed that although there was no difference between the two groups in number or distribution of cells in the pores, the clinostat group exhibited less extensive extracellular matrix formation than the control group. Cultured IP-CHA/MMC composites were then implanted into subcutaneous sites of syngeneic rats and harvested 8 weeks after implantation. All implants showed bone formation inside the pores, as indicated by decalcified histological sections and microfocus computed tomography. However, the volume of newly formed bone was significantly lower for the clinostat group than for the control group, especially in the superficial pores close to the implant surface. These results indicate that new bone formation in culture was inhibited by use of the 3D clinostat, and that this inhibition was mainly due to suppression of osteoblastic differentiation of MMCs.

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