scholarly journals Multi-Element Composition of Diatom Chaetoceros spp. from Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages of the Russian Arctic Seas

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Lobus ◽  
Maxim S. Kulikovskiy ◽  
Yevhen I. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Average Chemical Composition ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Data on the elemental composition of the diatom Chaetoceros spp. from natural phytoplankton communities of Arctic marine ecosystems are presented for the first time. Samples were collected during the 69th cruise (22 August–26 September 2017) of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian Seas. The multi-element composition of the diatom microalgae was studied by ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods. The contents of major (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K and Ca), trace (Li, Be, B, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U) and rare earth (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) elements varied greatly, which was probably associated with the peculiarities of the functional state and mineral nutrition of phytoplankton in the autumn period. Biogenic silicon was the dominant component of the chemical composition of Chaetoceros spp., averaging 19.10 ± 0.58% of dry weight (DW). Other significant macronutrients were alkaline (Na and K) and alkaline earth (Ca and Mg) metals as well as biogenic (S and P) and essential (Al and Fe) elements. Their total contents varied from 1.26 to 2.72% DW, averaging 2.07 ± 0.43% DW. The Al:Si ratio for natural assemblages of Chaetoceros spp. of the shelf seas of the Arctic Ocean was 5.8 × 10−3. The total concentrations of trace and rare earth elements on average were 654.42 ± 120.07 and 4.14 ± 1.37 μg g−1 DW, respectively. We summarize the scarce data on the average chemical composition of marine and oceanic phytoplankton and discuss the limitations and approaches of such studies. We conclude on the lack of data and the need for further targeted studies on this issue.

Chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Lionfish Pterois volitans from the Alacranes reef, southern Gulf of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Aranda- González ◽  
Alfonso Aguilar-Perera ◽  
Luis Chel-Guerrero ◽  
Santiago Gallegos-Tintoré ◽  
David Betancur-Ancona
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pterois Volitans ◽  
Average Chemical Composition ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Invasive Lionfish

The chemical and nutritional composition of fillet from Lionfish Pterois volitans L. captured in “Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes (PNNA)” in the Gulf of Mexico were investigated. The average chemical composition in dry weight basis of fillets was 25.41 % protein, 5.65 % ash, 0.82 % fat and 0.79 % fiber. The moisture in fresh fillet was 77.8 % on average. The fatty acids in greater proportion were SFA, followed by PUFA and MUFA, and with a w-3/w-6 ratio of 2.33. Docosahexaenoic acid was the most predominant (34.84 %). The most abundant amino acids were phenylalanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, isoleucine and lysine. Given its nutritionist profile, consumption of lionfish fillet could be a solution to control the invasive Lionfish population in the Gulf of Mexico.

scholarly journals Less-common and rare earth elements of the Pechenga region ores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-421
Author(s):  
K.V. Lobanov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Grigoryeva ◽  
A.V. Volkov ◽  
M.V. Chicherov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
High Enrichment ◽  
Host Rocks

The article presents the investigations in the Pechenga ore region — one of the largest industrial regions in the Arctic zone of Russia, located on the territory of the Murmansk area. The researchers obtained new data on the chemical composition of the main ore minerals, the content of trace elements, including rare earths (REE), in the ores of the Pilguyarvi and Vostok deposits and late polymetallic veins of the Pechenga region. They found that the main textural types of ores (massive, veined and disseminated) differ significantly in chemical composition and content of rock and ore-forming components. They also revealed the enrichment of ores with a wide range of trace elements. In comparison with the upper crust, the Pechenga ores are clearly enriched with chalcophilic and siderophilic trace elements. The enrichment coefficients of ore elements reach mainly tens (Cr, Au, Cd) hundreds (Ag, Se, Re, Pt) and thousands (Ni, Cu, Ir) times. The distribution of trace elements in various types of Cu-Ni ores has a great similarity, which indicates their geochemical affinity and synchronous participation in ore formation. The geochemical features are in good agreement with the mineral composition of the ores. The concentration of rare earth elements in the main types of ores, with the exception of massive ores and late polymetallic veins, exceeds the level of the chondrite standard and the REE fractionation is weak. The composition of the REE in ores came by from the host rocks. The research has established the high enrichment of all types of Re, Bi and Cd ores, which are potentially industrially significant as high-tech metals and are of considerable interest for associated mining.

scholarly journals Pigment signatures of phytoplankton communities in the Beaufort Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 14489-14530 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Coupel ◽  
A. Matsuoka ◽  
D. Ruiz-Pino ◽  
M. Gosselin ◽  
H. Claustre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract. Phytoplankton are expected to respond to recent environmental changes of the Arctic Ocean. In terms of bottom-up control, modifying the phytoplankton distribution will ultimately affect the entire food web and carbon export. However, detecting and quantifying change in phytoplankton communities in the Arctic Ocean remains difficult because of the lack of data and the inconsistent identification methods used. Based on pigment and microscopy data sampled in the Beaufort Sea during summer 2009, we optimized the chemotaxonomic tool CHEMTAX for the assessment of phytoplankton community composition in an Arctic setting. The geographical distribution of the main phytoplankton groups was determined with clustering methods. Four phytoplankton assemblages were determined and related to bathymetry, nutrients and light availability. Surface waters across the whole survey region were dominated by prasinophytes and chlorophytes, whereas the subsurface chlorophyll maximum was dominated by the centric diatoms Chaetoceros socialis on the shelf and by two populations of nanoflagellates in the deep basin. Microscopic count showed a high contribution of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gymnodinium and Gyrodinium spp. to total carbon biomass, suggesting high grazing activity at this time of the year. However, CHEMTAX was unable to detect these dinoflagellates because they lack peridinin. The inclusion in heterotrophic dinoflagellates of the pigments of their prey potentially leads to incorrect group assignments and some misinterpretation of CHEMTAX. Thanks to the high reproducibility of pigment analysis, our results can serve as a baseline to assess change and spatial or temporal variability in phytoplankton populations.

scholarly journals Early life stages of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis are unaffected by increased seawater pCO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Bailey ◽  
Peter Thor ◽  
Howard I. Browman ◽  
David M. Fields ◽  
Jeffrey Runge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Calanus Glacialis ◽  
Naupliar Development

As the world's oceans continue to absorb anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, the carbonate chemistry of seawater will change. This process, termed ocean acidification, may affect the physiology of marine organisms. Arctic seas are expected to experience the greatest decreases in pH in the future, as changing sea ice dynamics and naturally cold, brackish water, will accelerate ocean acidification. In this study, we investigated the effect of increased pCO2 on the early developmental stages of the key Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis. Eggs from wild-caught C. glacialis females from Svalbard, Norway (80°N), were cultured for 2 months to copepodite stage C1 in 2°C seawater under four pCO2 treatments (320, 530, 800, and 1700 μatm). Developmental rate, dry weight, and carbon and nitrogen mass were measured every other day throughout the experiment, and oxygen consumption rate was measured at stages N3, N6, and C1. All endpoints were unaffected by pCO2 levels projected for the year 2300. These results indicate that naupliar development in wild populations of C. glacialis is unlikely to be detrimentally affected in a future high CO2 ocean.

scholarly journals Phytoplankon of Khatanga bay, shelf and continental slope of the Western Laptev sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-733
Author(s):  
I. N. Sukhanova ◽  
M. V. Flint ◽  
A. V. Fedorov ◽  
E. G. Sakharova ◽  
V. A. Artemyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
The North ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The research was done at transect (11 stations) from inner part of the Khatanga Bay in the south to continental slope area in the north from 17 to 20 September 2017. Four biotops with different parameters of pelagic environment, composition, quantitative characteristics and vertical distribution of phytoplankton were allocated: inner part of the Khatanga Bay, estuarine frontal zone, western shelf of the Laptev Sea and continental slope area. Inner part of the Khatanga Bay and continental slope area were characterized by the highest values of phytoplankton numbers and biomass, which reached 1106 cell/l и 160 mg/m3, respectively. Formation of maximum at the depth of 45 meters was typical for phytoplankton vertical distribution in continental slope area. Algae biomass in the maximum reached 400 mg/m3 which was the highest value for the transect. Well pronounced latitudinal zoning in phytoplankton communities structure was revealed in the western part of the Laptev Sea which was similar to that in another areas the Arctic seas under strong impact of Siberian rivers discharge.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Aerosol over the Arctic Ocean from Summer ARctic EXpedition (AREX) 2011–2012 Cruises: Ions, Amines, Elemental Carbon, Organic Matter, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, n-Alkanes, Metals, and Rare Earth Elements

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ferrero ◽  
Giorgia Sangiorgi ◽  
Maria Perrone ◽  
Cristiana Rizzi ◽  
Marco Cataldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

During the summers of 2011 and 2012, two scientific cruises were carried out over the Arctic Ocean aiming at the determination of the aerosol chemical composition in this pristine environment. First, mass spectrometry was applied to study the concentration and gas/particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes. Experimental and modelled data of phase partitioning were compared: results demonstrated an equilibrium between gas and particle phase for PAHs, while n-alkanes showed a particle-oriented partitioning, due to the local marine origin of them, confirmed by the extremely low value of their carbon preference index. Moreover, the inorganic and organic ions (carboxylic acids and amines) concentrations, together with those of elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter (OM), were analyzed: 63% of aerosol was composed of ionic compounds (>90% from sea-salt) and the OM content was very high (30.5%; close to 29.0% of Cl−) in agreement with n-alkanes’ marine signature. Furthermore, the amines’ (dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine) concentrations were 3.98 ± 1.21, 1.70 ± 0.82, and 1.06 ± 0.56 p.p.t.v., respectively, fully in keeping with concentration values used in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplet)-chamber experiments to simulate the ambient nucleation rate in a H2SO4-DMA-H2O system, showing the amines’ importance in polar regions to promote new particle formation. Finally, high resolution mass spectrometry was applied to determine trace elements, including Rare Earth Elements (REEs), highlighting the dominant natural versus anthropic inputs for trace metals (e.g., Fe, Mn, Ti vs. As, Cd, Ni) and possible signatures of such anthropic activity.

scholarly journals Pigment signatures of phytoplankton communities in the Beaufort Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Coupel ◽  
A. Matsuoka ◽  
D. Ruiz-Pino ◽  
M. Gosselin ◽  
D. Marie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract. Phytoplankton are expected to respond to recent environmental changes of the Arctic Ocean. In terms of bottom-up control, modifying the phytoplankton distribution will ultimately affect the entire food web and carbon export. However, detecting and quantifying changes in phytoplankton communities in the Arctic Ocean remains difficult because of the lack of data and the inconsistent identification methods used. Based on pigment and microscopy data sampled in the Beaufort Sea during summer 2009, we optimized the chemotaxonomic tool CHEMTAX (CHEMical TAXonomy) for the assessment of phytoplankton community composition in an Arctic setting. The geographical distribution of the main phytoplankton groups was determined with clustering methods. Four phytoplankton assemblages were determined and related to bathymetry, nutrients and light availability. Surface waters across the whole survey region were dominated by prasinophytes and chlorophytes, whereas the subsurface chlorophyll maximum was dominated by the centric diatoms Chaetoceros socialis on the shelf and by two populations of nanoflagellates in the deep basin. Microscopic counts showed a high contribution of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gymnodinium and Gyrodinium spp. to total carbon biomass, suggesting high grazing activity at this time of the year. However, CHEMTAX was unable to detect these dinoflagellates because they lack peridinin. In heterotrophic dinoflagellates, the inclusion of the pigments of their prey potentially leads to incorrect group assignments and some misinterpretation of CHEMTAX. Thanks to the high reproducibility of pigment analysis, our results can serve as a baseline to assess change and spatial or temporal variability in several phytoplankton populations that are not affected by these misinterpretations.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Potential Practical Application of 15 Red Algal Species from the White Sea Coast (the Arctic Ocean)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2489
Author(s):  
Nikolay Yanshin ◽  
Aleksandra Kushnareva ◽  
Valeriia Lemesheva ◽  
Claudia Birkemeyer ◽  
Elena Tarakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Palmaria Palmata ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Red Algal

Though numerous valuable compounds from red algae already experience high demand in medicine, nutrition, and different branches of industry, these organisms are still recognized as an underexploited resource. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of 15 Arctic red algal species from the perspective of their practical relevance in medicine and the food industry. We show that several virtually unstudied species may be regarded as promising sources of different valuable metabolites and minerals. Thus, several filamentous ceramialean algae (Ceramium virgatum, Polysiphonia stricta, Savoiea arctica) had total protein content of 20–32% of dry weight, which is comparable to or higher than that of already commercially exploited species (Palmaria palmata, Porphyra sp.). Moreover, ceramialean algae contained high amounts of pigments, macronutrients, and ascorbic acid. Euthora cristata (Gigartinales) accumulated free essential amino acids, taurine, pantothenic acid, and floridoside. Thalli of P. palmata and C. virgatum contained the highest amounts of the nonproteinogenic amino acid β-alanine (9.1 and 3.2 μM g−1 DW, respectively). Several red algae tend to accumulate heavy metals; although this may limit their application in the food industry, it makes them promising candidates for phytoremediation or the use as bioindicators.

Photoacclimation of natural phytoplankton communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 542 ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Graff ◽  
TK Westberry ◽  
AJ Milligan ◽  
MB Brown ◽  
G Dall’Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton
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