scholarly journals Calcium-Dependent Pulmonary Inflammation and Pharmacological Interventions and Mediators

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Shipman ◽  
Rob U. Onyenwoke ◽  
Vijay Sivaraman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Complex Series ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Significant Burden

Pulmonary diseases present a significant burden worldwide and lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Lung inflammation caused by interactions with either viruses, bacteria or fungi is a prominent characteristic of many pulmonary diseases. Tobacco smoke and E-cig use (“vaping”) are considered major risk factors in the development of pulmonary disease as well as worsening disease prognosis. However, at present, relatively little is known about the mechanistic actions by which smoking and vaping may worsen the disease. One theory suggests that long-term vaping leads to Ca2+ signaling dysregulation. Ca2+ is an important secondary messenger in signal transduction. Cellular Ca2+ concentrations are mediated by a complex series of pumps, channels, transporters and exchangers that are responsible for triggering various intracellular processes such as cell death, proliferation and secretion. In this review, we provide a detailed understating of the complex series of components that mediate Ca2+ signaling and how their dysfunction may result in pulmonary disease. Furthermore, we summarize the recent literature investigating the negative effects of smoking and vaping on pulmonary disease, cell toxicity and Ca2+ signaling. Finally, we summarize Ca2+-mediated pharmacological interventions that could potentially lead to novel treatments for pulmonary diseases.

scholarly journals Breathing Well Across the Lifespan: Pulmonary Aging and Geroscience-Targeted Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 749-749
Author(s):  
Jason Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Nutrient Signaling ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Excellent pulmonary function is one of the strongest predictors of longevity across animal models and human populations. Unfortunately, none of the major age-associated pulmonary diseases – obstructive lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and increased susceptibility to pneumonia – have strongly effective disease modifying therapies. There is growing evidence that normal age-associated decline in pulmonary function and major age-associated pulmonary diseases are linked to the hallmarks of aging including senescence, nutrient signaling dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and telomere disorders. This presents opportunities for collaboration between gerontologists and pulmonologists to unravel age-associated developmental mechanisms and design novel treatments. In this symposium, leaders in pulmonary aging research will present novel data on links between aging and pulmonary health and geroscience-based interventions under study. Dr. Sanders will provide an overview of the scientific and clinical space and present epidemiologic associations between aging biomarkers, early pulmonary fibrosis, and mortality. Dr. Le Saux will discuss senescence and specifically how eicosanoid biology may explain organ-specific patterns of senescence-associated fibrosis. Dr. Thannickal will discuss age-associated perturbations in metabolism and mitochondrial function and targeting these pathways to improve lung function and treat pulmonary diseases. Dr. Newton will discuss mechanisms and clinical applications of telomere biology to pulmonary aging. Symposium attendees will (1) be poised to generate collaborations between gerontologists and pulmonologists to address existing knowledge gaps in mechanisms of pulmonary aging, and (2) develop a better understanding of translational opportunities to design geroscience-based diagnostics and therapeutics to improve pulmonary health with aging.

Superimposed Oscillations Enhance the Clearance of Mucus Simulant at Low Air Flows in a Rigid Tracheal Model

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Krumpe ◽  
Cahit A. Evrensel ◽  
Amgad A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Airway Clearance ◽  
Clearance Mechanism ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Air Flows ◽  
Expiratory Flow Rates

Clearance of mucus by the beating action of cilia is the primary means of removing inhaled particulates and airway debris from airways in healthy people. However many pulmonary diseases are associated with impaired mucociliary clearance mechanisms. For these patients, cough is the default airway clearance mechanism. Unfortunately most pulmonary disease patients can only produce low expiratory flow rates and have difficulty coughing for this reason.

scholarly journals Asthma and COPD Patients’ Perception of Appropriate Metered-Dose Inhaler Technique

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932582091783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijdan H. Ramadan ◽  
Aline Sarkis ◽  
Sandrine Sarine Aderian ◽  
Aline Milane
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic illnesses of the airways affecting a good number of people in Lebanon and the Middle East. Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are important drug delivery systems used to treat such pulmonary diseases. Drugs proven to be valuable and effective may fail to act effectively if such inhalers are used incorrectly. The purpose of this study was to assess the technical use of pMDIs by patients with pulmonary diseases presenting to the community pharmacies in Lebanon. Methods: A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. A total of 601 patients using drugs delivered through pMDIs and presenting to 12 Lebanese community pharmacies were recruited to participate in the research project. The questionnaire items were divided into 3 subscales: subscale 1—assessing the device preparation; subscale 2—investigating the device use; and subscale 3—examining the knowledge and use of spacers. After confirming the reliability and validity of the survey tool, patients’ responses were analyzed and compared according to many variables. Results: Many patients answered inaccurately to questions assessing both the device preparation and use. Around 40% of patients said they do not coordinate the inhalation with pressing the canister down. The mean scores were 1.72 (± 0.73) over 6 and 5.67 (± 1.44) over 7 for subscales 1 and 2, respectively. The mean total score on all questions was 7.39 over 13, with a standard deviation of 1.75. While patients’ age did not impact the results, asthmatic, well-educated, male patients had fewer wrong answers when it comes to preparing and using the device ( P < .01). Conclusions: Our study showed that many patients with asthma and COPD might not be properly using their pMDIs. Appropriate inhaler use is crucial for successful pulmonary disease management. As pMDIs are one of the most difficult devices to use, proper and tailored instructions should be given to patients.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Regulation of Inflammasome Activation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Min Yoon ◽  
Milang Nam ◽  
Yeon-Mok Oh ◽  
Charles S. Dela Cruz ◽  
Min-Jong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by enhanced chronic airway and lung inflammatory responses to noxious particles or gases. It is a major unmet medical need worldwide, and in Western society is strongly associated with exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). CS-induced inflammation is believed to be a key immune driver in the pathogenesis of COPD. Since the concept of inflammasomes was first introduced nearly a decade ago, these have been increasingly recognized as a central player in innate immune and inflammatory responses. In addition, studies have emerged demonstrating that mitochondrial innate immune signaling plays an important role in CS-induced inflammasome activation, pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling responses. Here, recent discoveries about inflammasome activation and mitochondrial biology and their role in COPD pathogenesis are reviewed. In addition, the current limitations of our understanding of this theme and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Clinical Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balazs Antus
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Long Acting

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In addition to generating high healthcare costs, COPD imposes a significant burden in terms of disability and impaired quality of life. Unlike many leading causes of death and disability, COPD is projected to increase in many regions of the world as the frequency of smoking is rising and the population is aging. The pharmacological treatment of COPD includes bronchodilators to relax smooth muscle, such as β2-agonists (salbutamol, terbutaline, and fenoterol, short-acting β2-agonists as well as salmeterol, formoterol, and indacaterol, and long-acting β2-agonists) and anticholinergics, such as ipratropium, oxitropium (short-acting anticholinergic), and tiotropium (long-acting anticholinergic). Although airway inflammation in COPD poorly responds to steroids, several inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone, budesonide, and beclomethasone) are in use in combination with long-acting β2-agonists. Other medications include theophylline (both a bronchodilator and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) and the phosphodiesterase-4 antagonists, such as roflumilast. Finally, a number of novel long-acting anticholinergics and β2-agonists with once- or twice-daily profiles are in development and clinical testing.

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