scholarly journals A Multifactorial Approach for Sarcopenia Assessment: A Literature Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Rashmi Supriya ◽  
Kumar Purnendu Singh ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Frédéric Dutheil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
European Working ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Multifactorial Approach ◽  
Older Populations

Sarcopenia refers to a progressive and generalized weakness of skeletal muscle as individuals age. Sarcopenia usually occurs after the age of 60 years and is associated with a persistent decline in muscle strength, function, and quality. A comparison of the risk factors associated with sarcopenia based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia (1 and 2) in Older People, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (1 and 2), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia, and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health revealed no consistent patterns. Accordingly, the identification of a single risk factor for sarcopenia is unpredictable due to its “multifactorial” pathogenesis, with the involvement of a multitude of factors. Therefore, the first aim of this review was to outline and propose that the multiple factors associated with sarcopenia need to be considered in combination in the design of new experimentation in this area. A secondary aim was to highlight the biochemical risk factors that are already identified in subjects with sarcopenia to assist scientists in understanding the biology of the pathophysiological mechanisms affecting the old people with sarcopenia. We also briefly discuss primary outcomes (physical) and secondary outcomes (social and financial) of sarcopenia. For future investigative purposes, this comprehensive review may be useful in considering important risk factors in the utilization of a panel of biomarkers emanating from all pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. This may help to establish a uniform consensus for screening and defining this disease. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact may be exacerbated in older populations, which requires immediate attention. Here, we briefly suggest strategies for advancing the development of smart technologies to deliver exercise in the COVID-19 era in an attempt regress the onset of sarcopenia. These strategies may also have an impact on sarcopenia’s primary and secondary outcomes.

Predictors of progression in untreated keratoconus: a Save Sight Keratoconus Registry study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317547
Author(s):  
Alex Ferdi ◽  
Vuong Nguyen ◽  
Himal Kandel ◽  
Jeremy C K Tan ◽  
Francisco Arnalich-Montiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

AimsWe set out to identify risk factors for progression in untreated keratoconus patients from 34 centres across Australia, New Zealand, Spain and Italy.MethodsPatients were divided into ‘progressors’ and ‘stable’ patients for each clinical parameter: visual acuity (VA), steepest keratometry (maximum keratometry (Max-K)) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT). Primary outcomes were the proportion of eyes with sustained progression in VA, Max-K or TCT within 3 years. Secondary outcomes included predictors of progression.ResultsThere were 3994 untreated eyes from 2283 patients. The proportion of eyes with VA, Max-K and TCT progression at 1 year were 3.2%, 6.6% and 3.1% respectively. Factors associated with VA loss were higher baseline VA (HR 1.15 per logMAR line increase in VA; p<0.001) and steeper baseline Max-K (HR 1.07 per 1D increase; p<0.001). Younger baseline age was associated with Max-K steepening (HR 0.96 per year older; p=0.001). Thicker baseline TCT, steeper baseline Max-K and younger baseline age were associated with TCT thinning: (HR 1.08 per 10 µm increase in TCT; p<0.001), (HR 1.03 per 1D increase; p=0.02) and (HR 0.98 per year younger; p=0.01), respectively.ConclusionsSteeper Max-K and younger age were the most clinically useful baseline predictors of progression as they were associated with worsening of two clinical parameters. Every 1D steeper Max-K was associated with a 7% and 3% greater risk of worsening VA and thinning TCT, respectively. Each 1 year younger was associated with a 4% and 2% greater risk of steepening Max-K and thinning TCT, respectively.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Painful Temporomandibular Disorders: what does the dentist need to know?

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Soares MIRANDA ◽  
Letícia Ladeira BONATO ◽  
Ricardo de Souza TESCH
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Multifactorial Approach ◽  
Pain Patients

ABSTRACT COVID-19 outbreak may lead to major impacts in applied oral sciences. Remarkably, it could be expected that factors associated to pandemic may lead to a greater risk of developing, worsening and perpetuating TMD and its associated risk factors. This non systematic literature review aims to discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic can influence the emergence, maintenance or worsening of TMD worldwide. During epidemics: the number of people whose mental health is affected tends to be greater than the number affected by the infection, and fear increases anxiety and stress levels in healthy individuals; chronic pain patients probably not receipt important treatments; overuse of medications becomes frequent; there are manifestation of unconscious oral parafunctional habits and poor sleep quality. All these facts represent risk factors common to TMD. Dentists should be aware of these issues and adapt their practices to properly diagnose and treat these patients within a multifactorial approach, increasing the quality of life of these individuals.

Economic Impact of Poststroke Delirium and Associated Risk Factors: Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Moritz Zipser ◽  
Jeremy Werner Deuel ◽  
Jeremia Philipp Oskar Held ◽  
Jutta Ernst ◽  
Maria Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
Factors Associated

Background and Purpose: Delirium is a common severe complication of stroke. We aimed to determine the cost-of-illness and risk factors of poststroke delirium (PSD). Methods: This prospective single-center study included n=567 patients with acute stroke from a hospital-wide delirium cohort study and the Swiss Stroke Registry in 2014. Delirium was determined by Delirium Observation Screening Scale or Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist 3 times daily during the first 3 days of admission. Costs reflected the case-mix index and diagnosis-related groups from 2014 and were divided into nursing, physician, and total costs. Factors associated with PSD were assessed with multiple regression analysis. Partial correlations and quantile regression were performed to assess costs and other factors associated with PSD. Results: The incidence of PSD was 39.0% (221/567). Patients with delirium were older than non-PSD (median 76 versus 70 years; P <0.001), 52% male (115/221) versus 62% non-PSD (214/346) and hospitalized longer (mean 11.5 versus 9.3 days; P <0.001). Dementia was the most relevant predisposing factor for PSD (odds ratio, 16.02 [2.83–90.69], P =0.002). Moderate to severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 16–20) was the most relevant precipitating factor (odds ratio, 36.10 [8.15–159.79], P <0.001). PSD was a strong predictor for 3-month mortality (odds ratio, 15.11 [3.33–68.53], P <0.001). Nursing and total costs were nearly twice as high in PSD ( P <0.001). There was a positive correlation between total costs and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (correlation coefficient, 0.491; P <0.001) and length of stay (correlation coefficient, 0.787; P <0.001) in all patients. Quantile regression revealed rising nursing and total costs associated with PSD, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and longer hospital stay (all P <0.05). Conclusions: PSD was associated with greater stroke severity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased nursing and total costs. In patients with severe stroke, dementia, or seizures, PSD is anticipated, and additional costs are associated with hospitalization.

scholarly journals Clinical Relations of Sarcopenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGP Suka Aryana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Working Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
European Working ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors

Sarcopenia is one of geriatric syndromes, characterized by decreased muscle mass accompanied by decreased muscle strength and/or performance. It is more prevalent with increase in age, and the prevalence depends on the criteria applied and the characteristic of the elderly. Sarcopenia has a higher risk of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. The definition criteria of sarcopenia are still controversial, but diagnostic criteria from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) are the most used criteria for clinical practice. Pathogenesis sarcopenia involved a multifactorial process and is divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Risk factors for sarcopenia include constitutional factors, aging, lifestyle, changes in body condition, and chronic diseases. Based on that, sarcopenia is divided into primary and secondary sarcopenia. There are three stage of sarcopenia, which are pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. Nutrition and exercise are the two main pillars to manage sarcopenia.

scholarly journals FC 026COVID-19 IMPACT ON ELDERLY HEMODIALYSIS POPULATION: RESULTS FROM THE SPANISH COVID-19 CKD WORKING GROUP REGISTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ander Vergara Arana ◽  
Mireia Molina ◽  
Andrés Villegas ◽  
Luis Alberto Sã¡nchez Cã¡mara ◽  
Patricia De Sequera Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Working Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract Background and Aims Age and chronic kidney disease have been described as mortality risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, an important percentage of patients in hemodialysis are elderly. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 in this population and to determine risk factors associated with mortality. Method Data was obtained from the Spanish COVID-19 CKD Working Group Registry, that included patients in renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation) infected by COVID-19. From March 18, 2020, to August 27, 2020, 1165 patients on hemodialysis affected by COVID-19 were included in the Registry. A total of 328 patients were under 65 years-old and 837 were 65 years old or older (elderly group). Results Mortality was 18.6% higher (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.8%-23.4%) in the elderly hemodialysis patients compared to the non-elderly group (see figure). Death from COVID-19 infection was increased 5.5-fold in hemodialysis patients compared to mortality in the general population for a similar period, and there was an age-associated mortality increase in both populations (see figure 1). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95% CI: 1.31-1.92), dyspnea at presentation (HR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20-2.16), pneumonia (HR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12-2.75) and admission to hospital (HR 4.13, 95% CI: 1.92-8.88) were identified as independent mortality risk factors in the elderly hemodialysis population. Treatment with glucocorticoids reduced the risk of death (HR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98) in aged patients on hemodialysis. Conclusion Mortality is dramatically increased in elderly hemodialysis patients affected by COVID-19. Age, dyspnea at presentation, pneumonia or hospitalization are factors associated with a worse prognosis, after adjusting dialysis population to other confounding factors. Treatment with glucocorticoids could be a therapeutic option for this specific population.

Legionellose, ein Tourismusproblem?

Praxis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (31) ◽  
pp. 1241-1245
Author(s):  
Kistler ◽  
Fleisch ◽  
Reinhart ◽  
Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
European Working Group ◽  
European Working

La légionellose, un problème de tourisme? La légionellose est une maladie assez rare, mais elle suit souvent un cours prolongé et compliqué, même chez des patients immunocompétents. Le diagnostic est important pour des raisons thérapeutiques et épidémiologiques. De 1998 à 2001 on a observé à l'hôpital cantonal de Coire six cas de légionellose, dont quatre étaient associés aux voyages et un autre concernait un employé d'un hôtel local. Par suite de l'augmentation de la mobilité internationale les recherches épidémiologiques sur la localisation de la source infectieuse et les procédés hygiéniques deviennent plus difficiles. Une organisation européenne, le «European Working Group for Legionella Infections» (EWGLI/www.ewgli.org) a étudié ce problème. La question de la forme sous laquelle le public doit être informé des sources de légionelles fait l'object d'une discussion.

Risk factors associated with substance use

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel M. Barber ◽  
Alexandra Crouch ◽  
Stephen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Factors Associated

A Six Year Prospective Study of Fibrinogen and Other Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Stable Claudicants

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Banerjee ◽  
J Pearson ◽  
E L Gilliland ◽  
D Goss ◽  
J D Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Past History ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Probability Of Death

SummaryA total of 333 patients with stable intermittent claudication at recruitment were followed up for 6 years to determine risk factors associated with subsequent mortality. Cardiovascular diseases were the underlying cause of death in 78% of the 114 patients who died. The strongest independent predictor of death during the follow-up period was the plasma fibrinogen level, an increase of 1 g/l being associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the probability of death within the next 6 years. Age, low ankle/brachial pressure index and a past history of myocardial infarction also increased the probability of death during the study period. The plasma fibrinogen level is a valuable index of those patients with stable intermittent claudication at high risk of early mortality. The results also provide further evidence for the involvement of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of arterial disease.

Risk factors associated with primary and secondary reduced libido in male patients with sexual dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corona ◽  
Giulia Rastrelli ◽  
Emmanuele Jannini ◽  
Linda Vignozzi ◽  
Edoardo Mannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Male Patients
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