Long-Term Effect of Combination of Creatine Monohydrate Plus β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Anabolic/Catabolic Hormones in Elite Male Endurance Athletes

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) are widely studied ergogenic aids. However, both supplements are usually studied in an isolated manner. The few studies that have investigated the effect of combining both supplements on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and hormone status have reported controversial results. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect and degree of potentiation of 10 weeks of CrM plus HMB supplementation on EIMD and anabolic/catabolic hormones. This study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial where participants (n = 28) were randomized into four different groups: placebo group (PLG; n = 7), CrM group (CrMG; 0.04 g/kg/day of CrM; n = 7), HMB group (HMBG; 3 g/day of HMB; n = 7), and CrM-HMB group (CrM-HMBG; 0.04 g/kg/day of CrM plus 3 g/day of HMB; n = 7). Before (baseline, T1) and after 10 weeks of supplementation (T2), blood samples were collected from all rowers. There were no significant differences in the EIMD markers (aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase) among groups. However, we observed significant differences in CrM-HMBG with respect to PLG, CrMG, and HMBG on testosterone (p = 0.006; η2p = 0.454) and the testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C; p = 0.032; η2p = 0.349). Moreover, we found a synergistic effect of combined supplementation on testosterone (CrM-HMBG = −63.85% vs. CrMG + HMBG = −37.89%) and T/C (CrM-HMBG = 680% vs. CrMG + HMBG = 57.68%) and an antagonistic effect on cortisol (CrM-HMBG = 131.55% vs. CrMG + HMBG = 389.99%). In summary, the combination of CrM plus HMB showed an increase in testosterone and T/C compared with the other groups after 10 weeks of supplementation. Moreover, this combination presented a synergistic effect on testosterone and T/C and an antagonistic effect on cortisol compared with the sum of individual or isolated supplementation.

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Effects of Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and pain following a half-marathon: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-017-0181-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Eric D. Withee ◽

Kimberly M. Tippens ◽

Regina Dehen ◽

Deanne Tibbitts ◽

Douglas Hanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Exercise Induced

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Long-Term Combined Effects of Citrulline and Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Supplementation on Recovery Status in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology11010075 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

José Burgos ◽

Aitor Viribay ◽

Julio Calleja-González ◽

Diego Fernández-Lázaro ◽

Jurgi Olasagasti-Ibargoien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Recovery Status ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Cortisol Ratio ◽

Catabolic Hormone

Citrulline (CIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot extract (BR) are widely studied ergogenic aids. Nevertheless, both supplements have been studied in short-term trials and separately. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effects of combining CIT and BR supplementation on recovery status observed by distance covered in the Cooper test, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and anabolic/catabolic hormone status have not been investigated to date. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to assess the effect of the long-term (9 weeks) mixture of 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of nitrates (NO3−)) supplementation on recovery by distance covered in the Cooper test, EIMD markers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK) and anabolic/catabolic hormones (testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C)) in male trained triathletes. Thirty-two triathletes were randomized into four different groups of eight triathletes in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: placebo group (PLG), CIT group (CITG; 3 g/day of CIT), BR group (BRG; 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−)) and CIT-BR group (CIT-BRG; 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−)). Distance covered in the Cooper test and blood samples were collected from all participants at baseline (T1) and after 9 weeks of supplementation (T2). There were no significant differences in the interaction between group and time in EIMD markers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK) (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in the group-by-time interaction in distance covered in the Cooper test (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.418), cortisol (p = 0.044; η2p = 0.247) and T/C (p = 0.005; η²p = 0.359). Concretely, significant differences were observed in distance covered in the Cooper test percentage of change (p = 0.002; η²p = 0.418) between CIT-BRG and PLG and CITG, in cortisol percentage change (p = 0.049; η2p = 0.257) and in T/C percentage change (p = 0.018; η2p = 0.297) between CIT-BRG and PLG. In conclusion, the combination of 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−) supplementation for 9 weeks did not present any benefit for EIMD. However, CIT + BR improved recovery status by preventing an increase in cortisol and showing an increase in distance covered in the Cooper test and T/C.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-term effect of resistant starch on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717964810.793469147 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Yiqian Nancy You ◽

Brian Keith Bednarski

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Hereditary Colorectal Cancer ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Long-term effect of the Go4it group treatment for obese adolescents: a randomised controlled trial.

F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature ◽

10.3410/f.718033501.793482507 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Philip Calder

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Term Effect ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Long-term cariprazine treatment for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii ◽

10.36927/2079-0325-v28-is3-2020-5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-37

Author(s):

Suresh Durgam ◽

Willie Earley ◽

Rui Li ◽

Dayong Li ◽

Kaifeng Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Profile ◽

Relapse Prevention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Open Label ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Time To Relapse

Cariprazine, a dopamine D3/D2 receptor partial agonist with preference for D3 receptors, has demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials in schizophrenia. This multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cariprazine for relapse prevention in adults with schizophrenia; total study duration was up to 97 weeks. Schizophrenia symptoms were treated/stabilized with cariprazine 3—9 mg/d during 20-week open-label treatment consisting of an 8-week, flexible-dose run-in phase and a 12-week fixed-dose stabilization phase. Stable patients who completed open-label treatment could be randomized to continued cariprazine (3, 6, or 9 mg/d) or placebo for double-blind treatment (up to 72 weeks). The primary efficacy parameter was time to relapse (worsening of symptom scores, psychiatric hospitalization, aggressive/violent behavior, or suicidal risk); clinical measures were implemented to ensure safety in case of impending relapse. A total of 264/765 patients completed open-label treatment; 200 eligible patients were randomized to double-blind placebo (n = 99) or cariprazine (n = 101). Time to relapse was significantly longer in cariprazine — versus placebo-treated patients (P = .0010, log-rank test). Relapse occurred in 24.8% of cariprazine- and 47.5% of placebo-treated patients (hazard ratio [95% CI] = 0.45 [0.28, 0.73]). Akathisia (19.2%), insomnia (14.4%), and headache (12.0%) were reported in ≥ 10% of patients during open-label treatment; there were no cariprazine adverse events ≥ 10% during double-blind treatment. Long-term cariprazine treatment was significantly more effective than placebo for relapse prevention in patients with schizophrenia. The long-term safety profile in this study was consistent with the safety profile observed in previous cariprazine clinical trials. ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01412060. Key words: schizophrenia; cariprazine; long-term treatment; relapse prevention; randomized controlled trial; oral antipsychotics

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Impacts of treatments on recurrence and 28-year survival of ischemic stroke patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94757-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ting-Ann Wang ◽

Tzy-Haw Wu ◽

Shin-Liang Pan ◽

Hsiu-Hsi Chen ◽

Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Stroke Recurrence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Double Blind ◽

Term Survival

AbstractAspirin and nicametate are well-established therapies for preventing recurrence and mortality from stroke in patients diagnosed as ischemic stroke. However, their respective effects on the recurrence, making allowance for the duration of recurrence and death without the occurrence of recurrence, and long-term survival have not been well elucidated. We aimed to evaluate long-term effect of two kinds of treatment on cerebrovascular death among ischemic stroke patients with or without the recurrence of stroke. Data used in this study were derived from the cohort based on a multicenter randomized double-blind controlled trial during 1992 to 1995 with the enrollment of a total of 466 patients with first-time non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke who were randomly allocated to receive aspirin (n = 222) or nicametate (n = 244). The trial cohort was followed up over time to ascertain the date of recurrence within trial period and death until Sep of 2019. The time-dependent Cox regression model was used to estimate the long-term effects of two treatments on death from cerebrovascular disease with and without recurrence. A total of 49 patients experienced stroke recurrence and 89 cerebrovascular deaths was confirmed. Patients treated with nicametate were more likely, but non statistically significantly, to have recurrence (aHR: 1.73, 95% CI 0.96–3.13) as compared with those treated by aspirin. Nicametate reduced the risk of cerebrovascular death about 37% (aHR: 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.97) compared with aspirin. The aspirin group had a lower recurrence rate than the nicametate group even with recurrence after 1–2 years of follow-up of first stroke but the latter had significantly reduced death from cerebrovascular disease for nicametate group, which requires more research to verify.

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