scholarly journals Global Burden of Alcohol Use Disorders and Alcohol Liver Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Kevin D. Shield
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Life Years

Alcohol use is a major risk factor for burden of mortality and morbidity. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are important disease outcomes caused by alcohol use. We will describe the global mortality and burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years for ALD and AUDs, based on data from the comparative risk assessment of the World Health Organization for 2016. AUDs have a limited impact on mortality in this assessment, since alcohol poisonings are almost the only disease category directly attributable to AUDs; most other alcohol-related deaths are indirect, and the cause which directly led to the death, such as liver cirrhosis, is the one recorded on the death certificate. Burden of disease for AUDs is thus mainly due to disability resulting from alcohol use. In contrast to AUDs, ALD is one of the major lethal outcomes of alcohol use, and burden of disease is mainly due to (premature) years of life lost. Many of the negative outcomes attributable to both AUDs and ALD are due to their interactions with other factors, most notably economic wealth. To avoid alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality, measures should be taken to reduce the AUDs and ALD burden globally, especially among the poor.

scholarly journals Burden of Disease Caused by Road Traffic Accidents in the City of Mashhad

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Yousefi ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimipour ◽  
Mahdi Varmaghani
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The City

Background: Mashhad is the second-largest Iranian megacity with a population of roughly 3 million and receiving around 25 million tourists a year, wherein road traffic accidents (RTAs) have become the leading cause of death and injuries. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to calculate the burden of disease caused by RTAs in the city of Mashhad. Methods: In this applied research using a descriptive cross-sectional method, data associated with RTAs in the city of Mashhad in March 2016 - March 2017 were collected based on a complete enumeration of RTA-induced fatalities and disabilities from the Organization for Cemetery Management (Ferdows Organization) affiliated to Mashhad Municipality and the database of the Ministry of Health of Iran (MOH). Following verification, the years of life lost (YLL), the number of years lost due to disability (YLD), and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were measured through the method proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The total number of RTA deaths was 677 cases (men = 494 (73%) and women = 183 (27%)) and the number of DALYs was 29155 years (men = 21219/3 (72/8%) and women = 7935/1 (27/2%)). Of the total DALYs, 96% of them were associated with YLL, and 4% were related to YLD. Conclusions: Mortality data are recorded with relatively high accuracy in Iran. Given low YLD in DALYs in comparison with the findings of similar studies in developed countries, there are possible defects in data quality, in particular in terms of non-fatal accidents and injuries. These findings can be thus exploited for optimal allocation of resources in Razavi Khorasan Province and across Iran.

scholarly journals Population Health and Burden of Disease Profile of Women in India: 1990 to 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Maharaj ◽  
Flavia Senkubuge ◽  
Tanita Cronje
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Women In India

Abstract Background: India has taken a step in the right direction with its latest national health policy highlighting the importance of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, SDG 5, which addresses gender equality is not clearly outlined in the policy. In India, gender equality has been linked to equal access to healthcare services for men and women. To understand India’s progress toward equal healthcare opportunities for men and women, we describe trends in population health indicators, and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs); communicable, maternal, neonatal, nutritional diseases (CMNNDs), and injuries in women from India between 1990 to 2015; and compare these rates to the burden of disease in men. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Institute of Health Metrics & Evaluation (IHME). We measured population health according to World Health Organization standards, using disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and age specific death rate (ASD). Using these metrics, we measured trends in the relative importance of NCDs, CMNNDs and injuries amongst women and men. Results: Between 1990 and 2015, the main cause of death in women from India escalated from CMNNDs to NCDs. From 1990 to 2015, DALYs attributed to CMNNDs declined by 10.7%, while DALYs attributed to NCDs increased by 10.8%. From 1990 to 2015, DALYs due to injuries decreased slightly (0.1%). In women, the main cause of DALYs and YLLs was cardiovascular disease, whereas musculoskeletal disorders was the main cause of YLDs. Over the years, age specific mortality rates declined with increasing age for women when compared to men. Conclusion: In 2015, NCDs were the leading cause of disability and deaths amongst women in India.

scholarly journals Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Periklis Charalampous ◽  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Mary Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

scholarly journals The burden of cancer in Belgium, 2004-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cornez ◽  
G Silversmit ◽  
V Gorasso ◽  
I Grant ◽  
G M A Wyper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Belgian Population ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Monitoring the health status of a population requires consistent and comparable data on the morbidity and mortality impacts of a disease. The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is an increasingly used disease burden indicator, combining healthy life years lost due to living with disease (Years Lived with Disability; YLDs) and due to dying prematurely (Years of Life Lost; YLLs). In Belgium, as in many other developed countries, cancer is a major contributor to the overall burden of disease. To date, however, local estimates of the burden of cancer are lacking. Methods We estimated the burden of 48 cancers in Belgium from 2004 to 2017 in terms of DALYs, using national population-based cancer registry data and international disease models. We developed a microsimulation model to translate incidence- into prevalence-based estimates, and used expert elicitation to integrate the long-term impact of surgical treatment. Results In 2017, in Belgium, breast cancer was the cancer with the highest disease burden among women, followed by lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Among men, lung cancer had the highest disease burden, followed by colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. Between 2004 and 2017, the burden of lung cancer increased by more than 50% in women, while in both sexes, significant increases were observed in melanoma and skin cancer burden. The majority of the cancer burden remained linked to premature mortality. Conclusions Cancer maintains a major impact on the health of the Belgian population. Current resources allocated for their prevention and treatment will need to be maintained to further reduce the cancer burden. Lung cancer remains a crucial challenge, among both men and women, calling for strengthened tobacco control policies. Integrating the current study in the Belgian national burden of disease study (BeBOD) will allow monitoring the burden of cancer over time, highlighting new trends and assessing the impact of public health policies. Key messages Burden of disease studies allow assessing and monitoring the impact of diseases and risk factors in a comparable way. Cancer maintains a major impact on the health of the Belgian population; lung cancer in particular remains a crucial challenge.

scholarly journals 32.L. Workshop: Deconstructing the DALY: step by step guide to calculating YLL and YLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Life Years

Abstract A Burden of Disease (BoD) approach can be used to summarise the debilitating effects of morbidity and premature mortality in a population in a consistent and comparable manner. Summary measures of population health such as the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) have become key metrics for quantifying burden of disease. DALYs quantify the health gap between a life lived in perfect health and current health status, as the number of healthy life years lost due to illness (Years Lived with Disability, YLDs) and premature death (Years of Life Lost, YLLs). DALYs combine the effects of morbidity and mortality in an equitable way, and can therefore be used to identify the leading causes of disease or injury that cause BoD and to quantify the relative importance of specific risk factors. BoD studies are becoming an increasingly popular way to assess national and local population health as a means to influence national and local policy decisions. The increasing prominence of the burden of disease approach, however, comes at a cost. Calculations of DALYs involve multiple components and as such can be difficult for people to interpret. Burden of disease methodology is complex and highly data intensive, which has led to major disparities across researchers and nations in their capacity to perform studies, to interpret the soundness of available estimates, or to evidence and advocate for the use of particular methodological choices. In this skills-building seminar, we will give an overview of the methodology of calculating the DALY. It will outline the single steps to be undertaken, and the necessary assumptions that have to be taken, on the way to the calculation of the DALYs. This workshop will be supported by technical presentations from burden of disease experts about different choices of estimation methods to calculate both the fatal burden (YLL) and the non-fatal burden (YLD). Throughout the presentations, cerebrovascular disease will be used as a case study, giving a complete, real-life example of how DALYs are calculated. Overall, the aim is to demonstrate the importance of the choices researchers make when designing and interpreting BoD studies as a means of supporting evidence-based decision making. The workshop will foresee ample time for interaction with the audience and discussion of the implications of the different methodological choices. Key messages Although burden of disease methodology is complex, with calculations of DALYs involving multiple components, simple roadmaps can be created to enhance methodological knowledge. The choices and assumptions researchers make are important when designing and interpreting burden of disease studies.

scholarly journals The non-fatal burden of cancer in Belgium, 2004–2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gorasso ◽  
Geert Silversmit ◽  
Marc Arbyn ◽  
Astrid Cornez ◽  
Robby De Pauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Life Years ◽  
National Burden ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Abstract Background The importance of assessing and monitoring the health status of a population has grown in the last decades. Consistent and high quality data on the morbidity and mortality impact of a disease represent the key element for this assessment. Being increasingly used in global and national burden of diseases (BoD) studies, the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is an indicator that combines healthy life years lost due to living with disease (Years Lived with Disability; YLD) and due to dying prematurely (Years of Life Lost; YLL). As a step towards a comprehensive national burden of disease study, this study aims to estimate the non-fatal burden of cancer in Belgium using national data. Methods We estimated the Belgian cancer burden from 2004 to 2018 in terms of YLD, using national population-based cancer registry data and international disease models. We developed a microsimulation model to translate incidence- into prevalence-based estimates, and used expert elicitation to integrate the long-term impact of increased disability due to surgical treatment. Results The age-standardized non-fatal burden of cancer increased from 2004 to 2018 by 6% and 2% respectively for incidence- and prevalence-based YLDs. In 2018, in Belgium, breast cancer had the highest morbidity impact among women, followed by colorectal and non-melanoma skin cancer. Among men, prostate cancer had the highest morbidity impact, followed by colorectal and non-melanoma skin cancer. Between 2004 and 2018, non-melanoma skin cancer significantly increased for both sexes in terms of age-standardized incidence-based YLD per 100,000, from 48 to 107 for men and from 15 to 37 for women. Important decreases were seen for colorectal cancer for both sexes in terms of age-standardized incidence-based YLD per 100,000, from 104 to 85 for men and from 52 to 46 for women. Conclusions Breast and prostate cancers represent the greatest proportion of cancer morbidity, while for both sexes the morbidity burden of skin cancer has shown an important increase from 2004 onwards. Integrating the current study in the Belgian national burden of disease study will allow monitoring of the burden of cancer over time, highlighting new trends and assessing the impact of public health policies.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Burden of Disease from Toxic Waste Sites with other Recognized Public Health Threats in India, Indonesia and the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Caravanos ◽  
Lina Hernandez Gutierrez ◽  
Bret Ericson ◽  
Richard Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Health Threats

Background. Although toxic waste sites have been well investigated in many developed countries, their prevalence and health impact have not been well documented in low and middle income countries where risks attributable to environmental pollution are generally higher than in developed nations. Methods. We compared the burden of disease from toxic waste sites expressed in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) with the same measurement for other threats in India, Indonesia and the Philippines. We used Blacksmith Institute for a Pure Earth's DALY estimates for chemical exposure at 373 toxic waste sites in the 3 countries and World Health Organization (WHO) DALY estimates for different health conditions in the same countries. Results. Chromium VI causes the majority of DALYs among chemicals in India, while lead does so in the Philippines and Indonesia. In India, exposure to chromium VI showed higher DALY estimates than health conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and various cancers. In Indonesia, exposure to chromium VI and lead presented higher DALYs than conditions such as upper respiratory infections. In the Philippines, lead had higher DALYs than most of the examined conditions, including malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Conclusions. This study highlights that the burden of disease expressed in DALYs from toxic waste sites may be greater than previously recognized and greater than other well addressed public health threats. We call attention to the need for surveillance of toxic waste sites, epidemiological analysis of the associations between exposure to toxic chemicals and outcomes, and remediation of chemical contamination in India, Indonesia and the Philippines.

scholarly journals India’s Performance in Controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis as Compared to Brazil Over Past Three Decades: Findings From Global Burden of Disease Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEEPAK DHAMNETIYA ◽  
Ravi Prakash Jha ◽  
Shalini . ◽  
Krittika Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease which contributes to the mortality and morbidity significantly in India and Brazil. This study was planned to compare the trends of incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of VL burden in India and Brazil from 1990 to 2019 using Global burden of disease study (GBD) data. The metrics are presented as age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants with their respective uncertainty intervals (95%UI) and relative percentages of change. The decline in the Incidence rate is more in case of India (16.82 cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 0.60cases in 2019) as compared to Brazil (3.12 cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 2.65 cases in 2019). The annualized rate of change in number of prevalent cases for India is -0.95 (95% UI, -0.98 to -0.91) whereas for Brazil it is -0.06 (95% UI, -0.41 to 0.52). The annualized rate of change in number of DALY for India is -0.94 (95% UI, -0.96 to -0.92) whereas for Brazil it is -0.09 (95% UI, -0.25 to 0.28). The annualized rate of change in number of deaths for India is -0.93 (95% UI, -0.95 to -0.92) whereas for Brazil it is increasing i.e. 0.04 (95% UI, -0.12 to 0.51). India achieves significant reduction in the age standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of VL as compare to Brazil during the period of 1990 to 2019. A multi-centric study is required to assess bottleneck in the existing strategies of VLSCP in Brazil.

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