scholarly journals Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Cantón-Habas ◽  
Manuel Rich-Ruiz ◽  
Manuel Romero-Saldaña ◽  
Maria del Pilar Carrera-González
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Control Study

Preventing the onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), improving the diagnosis, and slowing the progression of these diseases remain a challenge. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between depression and dementia/AD and to identify possible relationships between these diseases and different sociodemographic and clinical features. In this regard, a case-control study was conducted in Spain in 2018–2019. The definition of a case was: A person ≥ 65 years old with dementia and/or AD and a score of 5–7 on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). The sample consisted of 125 controls; among the cases, 96 had dementia and 74 had AD. The predictor variables were depression, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The results showed that depression, diabetes mellitus, and older age were associated with an increased likelihood of developing AD, with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 12.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3–39.9), 2.8 (95% CI: 1.1–7.1) and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.1–1.2), respectively. Those subjects with treated dyslipidemia were less likely to develop AD (OR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–1.1). Therefore, depression and diabetes mellitus increase the risk of dementia, whereas treated dyslipidemia has been shown to reduce this risk.

scholarly journals Metformin Use and Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Incidence in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: a Population-based Nested Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghee Ha ◽  
Dong Woo Choi ◽  
Kwang Joon Kim ◽  
So Yeon Cho ◽  
Hyunjeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Metformin reduces insulin resistance, which may be shared pathophysiology between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, it has been hypothesized that metformin may be effective against AD; however, evidence of metformin effects on AD development remains insufficient and conflicting. We investigated Alzheimer’s disease risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin.Methods: This retrospective, observational, nested case-control study included enrolled patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Korean National Health Insurance Service diabetes mellitus cohort (2002–2017). Among 70,499 DM patients who were dementia-free at the time of DM diagnosis, 1,675 AD cases identified were matched to 8,375 controls by age, sex, and DM onset and duration. Association of AD with metformin use were analyzed using multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for comorbidities and cardiometabolic risk profile. Results: Metformin use was associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of AD (1.50; 95% CI, 1.23–1.83). The strength of the association increased with the cumulative daily defined dose per day in metformin users. The risk was more pronounced among patients with a longer duration of DM (1.48; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.91, for a DM duration of 5–9 years; 2.18; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.39 for a duration greater than 10 years), while no statistical significance was found in the patients with DM duration less than 5 years (AOR 0.88; 95%CI 0.54–1.43). Furthermore, the risk of AD was significantly higher in DM patients with depression (AOR 2.05; 1.02–4.12). Conclusions: Given the huge number of patients with DM who are taking metformin worldwide, a double-blinded, prospective study is required to determine the long-term cognitive safety of metformin.

A Case-Control Study of Alzheimer's Disease and Aluminium Occupation

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Salib ◽  
Valerie Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundWe examined clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease patients and controls, and collected information from informants, to examine the association between Alzheimer's disease and aluminium occupation.MethodAn unmatched case-control study comparing 198 cases of Alzheimer's disease (ADRDA–NINCDS diagnostic criteria), to selected controls (164 other dementias and 176 non-dementing group) in respect of their occupational history. The subjects included all patients referred to and seen by the first author during a 2 year study period.ResultsTwenty-two of 198 patients with Alzheimer's disease (11.1 %) reported having an aluminium occupation at some stage in their working life compared with 39 of 340 controls (11.5%), odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.53–1.75, P > 0.05. Aluminium workers reported to have worked in direct contact with aluminium dust and fumes did not appear to be at any greater risk than other workers who were employed at the same factory, odds ratio 1.19, 95% CI, 0.64–4.18, P > 0.05.ConclusionThere is no evidence to support an association between having previously worked in an aluminium factory and the risk of Alzheimer's disease later in life.

scholarly journals Association of metformin use with Alzheimer’s disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a population-based nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghee Ha ◽  
Dong-Woo Choi ◽  
Kwang Joon Kim ◽  
So Yeon Cho ◽  
Hyunjeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractMetformin reduces insulin resistance, which constitutes a pathophysiological connection of diabetes with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the evidence of metformin on AD development was still insufficient and conflicting. We investigated AD risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM treated with metformin. This retrospective, observational, nested case–control study included patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service DM cohort (2002–2017). Among 70,499 dementia-free DM patients, 1675 AD cases were matched to 8375 controls for age, sex, and DM onset and duration. The association between AD and metformin was analyzed by multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for comorbidities and cardiometabolic risk profile. Metformin use was associated with an increased odds of AD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.50; 95% CI 1.23–1.83). The risk of AD was higher in patients with a longer DM duration. Furthermore, AD risk was significantly high in DM patients with depression (AOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.02–4.12). Given the large number of patients with DM who are taking metformin worldwide, a double-blinded, prospective study is required to determine the long-term cognitive safety of metformin.

Sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study in Maracaibo city, Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onofre Pineda ◽  
Victoria Stepenka ◽  
Alejandra Rivas-Motenegro ◽  
Nelson Villasmil-Hernandez ◽  
Roberto Añez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Correlation between Levels of Vitamins D3 and E in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2288
Author(s):  
Nurliyana Najwa Md Razip ◽  
Banulata Gopalsamy ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abdul Mutalib ◽  
Sui Kiat Chang ◽  
Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Control Study

An overview of vitamins D3 and E suggests micronutrient deficiency contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted to determine the status of plasma vitamins D3 and E isomers amongst diabetic Malaysians. Two groups were recruited for participation, one comprising fifty diabetic subjects (DM) and one comprising fifty non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects, in order to assess their plasma vitamin D3, calcium and vitamin E status. Glycaemic status (haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c; fasting blood glucose, FBG; C-Peptide) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TC; triglycerides, TG; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C) were assessed, followed by anthropometric measurements. The Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to elucidate the association between levels of plasma vitamins D3 and E and T2DM. The vitamin D3 deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with glycaemic status (HbA1c and FBG) and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL and TC). Spearman’s correlation demonstrated that vitamin D3 status is strongly correlated with HDL levels (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma total vitamin E levels >4.9 μg/mL revealed significantly different FBG, HbA1c, C-Peptide, LDL, HDL and TC levels across both groups. Moreover, family history, smoking, waist circumference and HbA1c levels demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.05) with levels of vitamins D and E but not FBG and lipid profiles. This could be because the pre-diabetic status among the non-DM group influenced the outcomes of this study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document