Biological Effects of BET Inhibition by OTX015 (MK-8628) and JQ1 in NPM1-Mutated (NPM1c) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

BET inhibitors (BETi) including OTX015 (MK-8628) and JQ1 demonstrated antileukemic activity including NPM1c AML cells. Nevertheless, the biological consequences of BETi in NPM1c AML were not fully investigated. Even if of better prognosis AML patients with NPM1c may relapse and treatment remains difficult. Differentiation-based therapy by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with arsenic trioxide (ATO) demonstrated activity in NPM1c AML. We found that BETi, similar to ATO + ATRA, induced differentiation and apoptosis which was TP53 independent in the NPM1c cell line OCI-AML3 and primary cells. Furthermore, BETi induced proteasome-dependent degradation of NPM1c. BETi degraded NPM1c in the cytosol while BRD4 is degraded in the nucleus which suggests that restoration of the NPM1/BRD4 equilibrium in the nucleus of NPM1c cells is essential for the efficacy of BETi. While ATO + ATRA had significant biological activity in NPM1c IMS-M2 cell line, those cells were resistant to BETi. Gene profiling revealed that IMS-M2 cells probably resist to BETi by upregulation of LSC pathways independently of the downregulation of a core BET-responsive transcriptional program. ATO + ATRA downregulated a NPM1c specific HOX gene signature while anti-leukemic effects of BETi appear HOX gene independent. Our preclinical results encourage clinical testing of BETi in NPM1c AML patients.

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Antitumoral Activity of 13-Demethyl or 13-Substituted Analogues of All-trans Retinoic Acid and 9-cis Retinoic Acid in the Human Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line HL-60

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.29.1803 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1803-1809 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yukari Mizuguchi ◽

Akimori Wada ◽

Kimie Nakagawa ◽

Masayoshi Ito ◽

Toshio Okano

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Cell Line ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Leukemia Cell ◽

Leukemia Cell Line ◽

Antitumoral Activity ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Myeloid Leukemia Cell

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W01.56 Gene profiling of the atherosclerotic lesion after all-trans retinoic acid exposure

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/s0021-9150(04)90056-1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

P OCAYA

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽

Acid Exposure ◽

Gene Profiling ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid

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Proteomic Studies of Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Derived from Patients Before and during Disease-Stabilizing Treatment Based on All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Valproic Acid

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13092143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2143

Author(s):

Maria Hernandez-Valladares ◽

Rebecca Wangen ◽

Elise Aasebø ◽

Håkon Reikvam ◽

Frode S. Berven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Valproic Acid ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Rna Metabolism ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Acute Myeloid

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and valproic acid (VP) have been tried in the treatment of non-promyelocytic variants of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Non-randomized studies suggest that the two drugs can stabilize AML and improve normal peripheral blood cell counts. In this context, we used a proteomic/phosphoproteomic strategy to investigate the in vivo effects of ATRA/VP on human AML cells. Before starting the combined treatment, AML responders showed increased levels of several proteins, especially those involved in neutrophil degranulation/differentiation, M phase regulation and the interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (i.e., DNA synthesis and binding). Several among the differentially regulated phosphorylation sites reflected differences in the regulation of RNA metabolism and apoptotic events at the same time point. These effects were mainly caused by increased cyclin dependent kinase 1 and 2 (CDK1/2), LIM domain kinase 1 and 2 (LIMK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) and protein kinase C delta (PRKCD) activity in responder cells. An extensive effect of in vivo treatment with ATRA/VP was the altered level and phosphorylation of proteins involved in the regulation of transcription/translation/RNA metabolism, especially in non-responders, but the regulation of cell metabolism, immune system and cytoskeletal functions were also affected. Our analysis of serial samples during the first week of treatment suggest that proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling can be used for the early identification of responders to ATRA/VP-based treatment.

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Therapeutic Use of Valproic Acid and All-Trans Retinoic Acid in Acute Myeloid Leukemia—Literature Review and Discussion of Possible Use in Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14050423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 423

Author(s):

Øystein Bruserud ◽

Galina Tsykunova ◽

Maria Hernandez-Valladares ◽

Hakon Reikvam ◽

Tor Henrik Anderson Tvedt

Keyword(s):

Valproic Acid ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Acute Myeloid

Even though allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the most intensive treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chemo-resistant leukemia relapse is still one of the most common causes of death for these patients, as is transplant-related mortality, i.e., graft versus host disease, infections, and organ damage. These relapse patients are not always candidates for additional intensive therapy or re-transplantation, and many of them have decreased quality of life and shortened expected survival. The efficiency of azacitidine for treatment of posttransplant AML relapse has been documented in several clinical trials. Valproic acid is an antiepileptic fatty acid that exerts antileukemic activity through histone deacetylase inhibition. The combination of valproic acid and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is well tolerated even by unfit or elderly AML patients, and low-toxicity chemotherapy (e.g., azacitidine) can be added to this combination. The triple combination of azacitidine, valproic acid, and ATRA may therefore represent a low-intensity and low-toxicity alternative for these patients. In the present review, we review and discuss the general experience with valproic acid/ATRA in AML therapy and we discuss its possible use in low-intensity/toxicity treatment of post-allotransplant AML relapse. Our discussion is further illustrated by four case reports where combined treatments with sequential azacitidine/hydroxyurea, valproic acid, and ATRA were used.

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Differential effects of all-trans -retinoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and hexadecylphosphocholine on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a cisplantin-sensitive and resistant human embryonal carcinoma cell line

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s002800050769 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 469-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Hetty Timmer-Bosscha ◽

Elisabeth G. E. de Vries ◽

C. Meijer ◽

J. Wolter Oosterhuis ◽

Nanno H. Mulder

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Cell Line ◽

Embryonal Carcinoma ◽

Carcinoma Cell ◽

Embryonal Carcinoma Cell ◽

Embryonal Carcinoma Cell Line ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cell

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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Expression and Secretion in Human Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/5971080 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hien Thi Vu ◽

Thi Xoan Hoang ◽

Jae Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Calcium Ion ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Leukemia Cell Line ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an effective drug for the induction therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the treatment is associated with adverse events such as retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) in some patients, whose histologic characteristics included organ infiltration by leukemic cells. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) is often upregulated in tumor cells and plays a role in tumor cell migration and invasion by degrading the extracellular matrix. In this study, we examined the possible modulatory effects of ATRA on MMP-2 expression and secretion in human myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1. The cells were treated with various concentrations of ATRA, and MMP-2 expression and secretion were examined. MMP-2 expression and secretion started to increase with ATRA concentration as low as 0.1 nM and gradually increased thereafter. Agonists of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) or retinoid X receptor (RXR) alone could enhance MMP-2 secretion, and RAR or RXR antagonists alone could reverse ATRA-induced MMP-2 secretion. ATRA increased intracellular calcium ion levels, and a calcium-channel blocker inhibited ATRA-induced MMP-2 secretion. Dexamethasone suppressed ATRA-induced MMP-2 secretion. Our results suggest that ATRA enhances MMP-2 expression and secretion in human myeloid leukemia THP-1 cells in a calcium ion dependent manner through RAR/RXR signaling pathways, and this enhanced expression and secretion may be associated with the possible mechanisms of RAS.

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