scholarly journals Bisphenol A and Its Analogues Deteriorate the Hormones Physiological Function of the Male Reproductive System: A Mini-Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Asma’ ‘Afifah Shamhari ◽  
Zariyantey Abd Hamid ◽  
Siti Balkis Budin ◽  
Nurul Jehan Shamsudin ◽  
Izatus Shima Taib
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Physiological Functions

BPA is identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that deteriorates the physiological function of the hormones of the male reproductive system. Bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) are actively explored as substitutes for BPA and are known as BPA analogues in most manufacturing industries. These analogues may demonstrate the same adverse effects as BPA on the male reproductive system; however, toxicological data explaining the male reproductive hormones’ physiological functions are still limited. Hence, this mini-review discusses the effects of BPA and its analogues on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system, focusing on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis outcomes. The BPA analogues mainly show a similar negative effect on the hormones’ physiological functions, proven by alterations in the HPG axis and steroidogenesis via activation of the aromatase activity and reduction of spermatogenesis outcomes when compared to BPA in in vitro and in vivo studies. Human biomonitoring studies also provide significant adverse effects on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system. In conclusion, BPA and its analogues deteriorate the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system as per in vitro , in vivo , and human biomonitoring studies.

Localization of a sodium-dependent high-affinity serotonin transporter and recruitment of exogenous serotonin by the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta: an autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Osloobi ◽  
Rodney A Webb
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Serotonin Transport ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles ◽  
Silver Grains

Uptake of serotonin by tissues of intact and hemitransected Hymenolepis diminuta was studied by autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. Hemitransected worms were incubated in balanced saline containing 10 µM [3H]serotonin and washed extensively. The density of silver grains over the serotonin-immunoreactive longitudinal nerve cords and commissural rings, male reproductive system, tissues surrounding the genital pouch, and deep longitudinal muscles was significantly greater than that over the parenchyma. The presence of serotonin in spermatozoa suggested a role for this amine in spermatozoon activity. In contrast, uptake of 10 µM [3H]serotonin in sodium-free saline was significantly reduced compared with that in balanced saline in all tissues examined except the parenchyma. Analysis of the data revealed that the sodium-dependent high-affinity serotonin transport system is localized primarily in the serotonergic-like neurons of H. diminuta, which suggests possible recycling of neuronally released serotonin. Following incubation of intact worms in vitro for 12 h in 5 µM [3H]serotonin, the density of silver grains was significantly higher over the serotonin-immunoreactive nerves, elements of the male reproductive system, tissues surrounding the genital pouch, and deep longitudinal muscles than over the parenchyma. These results demonstrate recruitment of exogenous serotonin by intact H. diminuta and suggest sequestration and concentration by the serotonin-immunoreactive neurons via the sodium-dependent high-affinity transporter. These data further suggest that although H. diminuta can synthesize serotonin, it may obtain serotonin from the host. Nonetheless, the amount of serotonin recruited by H. diminuta from the host in vivo compared with that which they synthesize is not known.

scholarly journals Effect of Cistanche Tubulosa Extracts on Male Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zwe-Ling Kong ◽  
Athira Johnson ◽  
Fan-Chi Ko ◽  
Jia-Ling He ◽  
Shu-Chun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gonadal Dysfunction ◽  
Cistanche Tubulosa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diabetes is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to decreased levels of insulin or the inefficiency of the tissue to use it effectively. Infertility is known as a major outcome of diabetes and affects the male reproductive system by causing sperm impairment and gonadal dysfunction. Cistanche tubulosa is a parasitic plant which has the capacity to improve memory, immunity, and sexual ability, reduce impotence, and minimize constipation. This study was focused on the investigation of the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of echinacoside (ECH) in Cistanche tubulosa extract (CTE) on the male reproductive system of the diabetic rats. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects of CTE were evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vitro results show that the ECH inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and improved StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and HSD17β3 protein expression. The in vivo analysis was carried out with three doses of echinacoside (ECH) (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg) in CTE. In total, 0.571 mg/kg of rosiglitazone (RSG) was administered as a positive control. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) in combination with a high-fat diet (45%). The in vivo studies confirmed that the ECH improved blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and lipid peroxidation. It can restore kisspeptin 1 (KiSS1), G protein-coupled receptor GPR 54, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the hypothalamus and recover sex hormone level. Thus, this study confirmed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and steroidogenesis effects of CTE.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of the mazEF Toxin-Antitoxin System in the Pathogenic Bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Wonho Choi ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
Sang-Hyun Park ◽  
Hyeok-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Cell Growth Inhibition ◽  
The Right

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of various plants which transfers its own DNA (T-DNA) to the host plants. It is used for producing genetically modified plants with this ability. To control T-DNA transfer to the right place, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of A. tumefaciens were used to control the target site of transfer without any unintentional targeting. Here, we describe a toxin-antitoxin system, Atu0939 (mazE-at) and Atu0940 (mazF-at), in the chromosome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The toxin in the TA system has 33.3% identity and 45.5% similarity with MazF in Escherichia coli. The expression of MazF-at caused cell growth inhibition, while cells with MazF-at co-expressed with MazE-at grew normally. In vivo and in vitro assays revealed that MazF-at inhibited protein synthesis by decreasing the cellular mRNA stability. Moreover, the catalytic residue of MazF-at was determined to be the 24th glutamic acid using site-directed mutagenesis. From the results, we concluded that MazF-at is a type II toxin-antitoxin system and a ribosome-independent endoribonuclease. Here, we characterized a TA system in A. tumefaciens whose understanding might help to find its physiological function and to develop further applications.

scholarly journals Prolactin and Male Fertility: The Long and Short Feedback Regulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Gill-Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Men

In the last 20 years, a pituitary-hypothalamus tissue culture system with intact neural and portal connections has been developed in our lab and used to understand the feedback mechanisms that regulate the secretions of adenohypophyseal hormones and fertility of male rats. In the last decade, several in vivo rat models have also been developed in our lab with a view to substantiate the in vitro findings, in order to delineate the role of pituitary hormones in the regulation of fertility of male rats. These studies have relied on both surgical and pharmacological interventions to modulate the secretions of gonadotropins and testosterone. The interrelationship between the circadian release of reproductive hormones has also been ascertained in normal men. Our studies suggest that testosterone regulates the secretion of prolactin through a long feedback mechanism, which appears to have been conserved from rats to humans. These studies have filled in a major lacuna pertaining to the role of prolactin in male reproductive physiology by demonstrating the interdependence between testosterone and prolactin. Systemic levels of prolactin play a deterministic role in the mechanism of chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis.

scholarly journals Generation and Characterization of Smac/DIABLO-Deficient Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 3509-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Okada ◽  
Woong-Kyung Suh ◽  
Jianping Jin ◽  
Minna Woo ◽  
Chunying Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Caspase Activation ◽  
Proapoptotic Protein ◽  
Apoptosis Proteins ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT The mitochondrial proapoptotic protein Smac/DIABLO has recently been shown to potentiate apoptosis by counteracting the antiapoptotic function of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). In response to apoptotic stimuli, Smac is released into the cytosol and promotes caspase activation by binding to IAPs, thereby blocking their function. These observations have suggested that Smac is a new regulator of apoptosis. To better understand the physiological function of Smac in normal cells, we generated Smac-deficient (Smac−/− ) mice by using homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Smac−/− mice were viable, grew, and matured normally and did not show any histological abnormalities. Although the cleavage in vitro of procaspase-3 was inhibited in lysates of Smac−/− cells, all types of cultured Smac−/− cells tested responded normally to all apoptotic stimuli applied. There were also no detectable differences in Fas-mediated apoptosis in the liver in vivo. Our data strongly suggest the existence of a redundant molecule or molecules capable of compensating for a loss of Smac function.

Oral Terbinafine: A New Antifungal Agent

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Milap C Nahata
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast

Objective To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines of terbinafine. Available comparative data of terbinafine and other antimycotic agents are described for understanding the potential role of terbinafine in patient care. Data Sources A MEDLINE search restricted to English language during 1966–1996 and extensive review of journals was conducted to prepare this article. MeSH headings included allylamines, terbinafine, SF 86–327, dermatophytosis, dermatomycosis. Data Extraction The data on pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and drug interactions were obtained from open-label and controlled studies and case reports. Controlled single- or double-blind studies were evaluated to describe the efficacy of terbinafine in the treatment of various fungal infections. Data Synthesis Terbinafine is the first oral antimycotic in the allylamines class: a fungicidal agent that inhibits ergosterol synthesis at the stage of squalene epoxidation. Terbinafine demonstrates excellent in vitro activity against the majority of dermatophyte species including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum; less activity is seen against Dematiaceae and the filamentous fungi. It is least active against the pathogenic yeast and this correlates with the relatively poor efficacy against these organisms in vivo. High concentrations of terbinafine are achieved in keratinous tissues, the site of superficial infections, and these concentrations are maintained for up to 3 months. The clinical efficacy of terbinafine against a number of dermatophyte infections exceeds that of the current standard of therapy, griseofulvin. The efficacy of terbinafine may be as good or better than that of the azole antifungals. Additional studies are required to confirm these observations. Terbinafine demonstrates a good safety profile, and relatively few drug interactions have been identified. Conclusions Terbinafine is more effective than the gold standard, griseofulvin, in the treatment of tinea pedis and tinea unguinum, with considerably shorter treatment duration in the latter. It has been proven as effective as griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea capitis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris. Terbinafine does not appear to offer any advantage in the treatment of nondermatophyte infections; its utility in the treatment of systemic infections has yet to be established. Depending on individual institutional costs, terbinafine may be a front-line drug for some superficial infections responding poorly to the current standard of therapy.

scholarly journals USE OF MICRONUCLEUS EXPERIMENTS FOR THE DETECTION OF HUMAN CANCER RISKS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armen Nersesyan ◽  
◽  
Miroslav Mišík ◽  
Andriy Cherkas ◽  
Viktoria Serhiyenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. Micronuclei (MN) are small extranuclear DNA-containing structures that are formed as a consequence of structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. The advantage of MN experiments compared to conventional chromosomal analyses in metaphase cells is that the scoring is by far less time consuming and laborious. MN experiments are currently widely used for the routine screening of chemicals in vitro and in vivo but also for environmental control and human biomonitoring Objectives. The purpose of this review was to collect data on the use of MN experiments for the detection of increased cancer risks as a consequence of environmental, lifestyle and occupational exposures and the detection/diagnosis of different forms of cancer. Methods. Analysis of the literature on methods for MN experiments with humans; as well as the use of this technique in different areas of research. Results. To date, a wide range of protocols for human biomonitoring studies has been developed for the measurement of MN formation in peripheral blood cells and in epithelial from different organs (buccal and nasal cavity, cervix and bladder). In addition to MN, other nuclear anomalies can be scored which reflect genetic instability as well as acute toxicity and the division of target cells. Conclusions. The evidence is accumulating that MN can be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of increased cancer risks as well as for the early diagnosis of cervical and bladder cancer

scholarly journals Adverse Effects of Wi-Fi Radiation on Male Reproductive System: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar ◽  
Khairul Osman ◽  
Nur Hilwani Ismail ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin ◽  
Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
System A
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document