scholarly journals Paper-Based Airborne Bacteria Collection and DNA Extraction Kit

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Youngung Seok ◽  
Joonseok Lee ◽  
Min-Gon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Simple Application ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited

The critical risk from airborne infectious diseases, bio-weapons, and harmful bacteria is currently the highest it has ever been in human history. The requirement for monitoring airborne pathogens has gradually increased to defend against bioterrorism or prevent pandemics, especially via simple and low-cost platforms which can be applied in resource-limited settings. Here, we developed a paper-based airborne bacteria collection and DNA extraction kit suitable for simple application with minimal instruments. Airborne sample collection and DNA extraction for PCR analysis were integrated in the paper kit. We created an easy-to-use paper-based air monitoring system using 3D printing technology combined with an air pump. The operation time of the entire process, comprising air sampling, bacterial cell lysis, purification and concentration of DNA, and elution of the DNA analyte, was within 20 min. All the investigations and optimum settings were tested in a custom-designed closed cabinet system. In the fabricated cabinet system, the paper kit operated effectively at a temperature of 25–35 °C and 30–70% relative humidity for air containing 10–106 CFU Staphylococcus aureus. This paper kit could be applied for simple, rapid, and cost-effective airborne pathogen monitoring.

scholarly journals Comparison of four low-cost carbapenemase detection tests and a proposal of an algorithm for early detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in resource-limited settings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245290
Author(s):  
Wirittamulla Gamage Maheshika Kumudunie ◽  
Lakmini Inoka Wijesooriya ◽  
Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Better Than

Rapidly progressing antibiotic resistance is a great challenge in therapy. In particular, the infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are exceedingly difficult to treat. Carbapenemase production is the predominant mechanism of resistance in CRE. Early and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) is extremely important for the treatment and prevention of such infections. In the present study, four phenotypic carbapenemase detection tests were compared and an algorithm was developed for rapid and cost-effective identification of CP-CRE. A total of 117 Enterobacteriaceae (54 CP-CRE, 3 non-CP-CRE, and 60 non-CRE) isolates were tested for carbapenemase production using modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), Carba NP test (CNPt), and CNPt-direct test. The overall sensitivity/specificity values were 90.7%/92.1% for MHT, 100%/100% for mCIM, 75.9%/100% for CNPt, and 83.3%/100% for CNPt-direct. OXA-48-like enzymes were detected with 93.2% sensitivity by MHT and >77.3% sensitivity by two Carba NP tests. MHT could only detect half of the NDM carbapenemase producers. CNPt-direct exhibited enhanced sensitivity compared to CNPt (100% vs 25%) for detection of NDM producers. Considering these findings we propose CNPt-direct as the first test followed by mCIM for rapid detection of CP-CRE. With this algorithm >80% of the CP-CRE could be detected within 24 hours from the time the sample is received and 100% CP-CRE could be detected in day two. In conclusion, mCIM was the most sensitive assay for the identification of CP-CRE. CNPt-direct performed better than CNPt. An algorithm consisting CNPt-direct and mCIM allows rapid and reliable detection of carbapenemase production in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples using an integrated smartphone-based centrifugal microfluidic platform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben R. G. Soares ◽  
Ahmad S. Akhtar ◽  
Inês F. Pinto ◽  
Noa Lapins ◽  
Donal Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Resource Limited

AbstractWith its origin estimated around December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the ongoing 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a major global health challenge, resulting in more than 45 million infections and 1.2 million deaths. The demand for scalable, rapid and sensitive viral diagnostics is thus particularly pressing at present to help contain the rapid spread of infection and prevent overwhelming the capacity of health systems. While high-income countries have managed to rapidly expand diagnostic capacities, such is not the case in resource-limited settings of low- to medium-income countries.Aiming at developing cost-effective viral load detection systems for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostics in resource-limited and resource-rich settings alike, we report the development of an integrated modular centrifugal microfluidic platform to perform loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of viral RNA directly from heat-inactivated nasopharyngeal swab samples. The discs were pre-packed with dried n-benzyl-n-methylethanolamine modified agarose beads used as a versatile post-nucleic acid amplification signal enhancement strategy, allowing fluorescence detection via a smartphone camera and simple optics. The platform provided sample-to-answer analysis within 1 hour from sample collection and a detection limit between 100 and 1000 RNA copies in 10 μL reaction volume. Furthermore, direct detection of non-extracted SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients with Ct values below 26 (n=25 plus 6 PCR negative samples) was achieved with ∼94% sensitivity and 100% specificity, thus being fit-for-purpose to diagnose patients with a high risk of viral transmission. These results show significant promise towards bringing routine point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostics closer to resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Validation of a point-of-care rapid diagnostic test for hepatitis C for use in resource-limited settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
James S Leathers ◽  
Maria Belen Pisano ◽  
Viviana Re ◽  
Gertine van Oord ◽  
Amir Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis Test ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Direct Acting

Abstract Background Treatment of HCV with direct-acting antivirals has enabled the discussion of HCV eradication worldwide. Envisioning this aim requires implementation of mass screening in resource-limited areas, usually constrained by testing costs. Methods We validated a low-cost, rapid diagnosis test (RDT) for HCV in three different continents in 141 individuals. Results The HCV RDT showed 100% specificity and sensitivity across different samples regardless of genotype or viral load (in samples with such information, 90%). Conclusions The HCV test validated in this study can allow for HCV screening in areas of need when properly used.

scholarly journals Global & Community Health: Acute ischemic stroke in Toronto and Manila

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 604-606
Author(s):  
Sanskriti Sasikumar ◽  
Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Based Medicine

The educational experience of a neurology trainee can have profound regional variations. We recount the management of a stroke code in Toronto, Canada, and Manila, Philippines, as a means to highlight the need for collaborative learning, both in terms of practicing evidence-based medicine and managing neurologic conditions in resource-limited settings. Concerted peer-led initiatives such as videoconference rounds are an easy and cost-effective means of unifying this experience.

scholarly journals Quantification of Soluble or Insoluble Fractions of Leishmania Parasite Proteins in Microvolume Applications: A Simplification to Standard Lowry Assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagya Deepachandi ◽  
Sudath Weerasinghe ◽  
Thisira Priyantha Andrahennadi ◽  
Nadira D. Karunaweera ◽  
Nadeeja Wickramarachchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Lowry Assay

Protein quantification is often an essential step in any research field that involves proteins. Although the standard Lowry assay and its modifications are most abundantly used in protein quantification, the existing methods are rigid or often demonstrate nonlinearity between protein concentration and color intensity. A method for fast and accurate qualitative and/or quantitative determination of total soluble/insoluble proteins or micro-well plate immobilized proteins isolated from Leishmania parasites in microvolumes was described in the current study. Improvements in cost-effective techniques are necessary to increase the research outputs in resource-limited settings. This method is a modification to the established Lowry assay for protein quantification. Concentrations of unknown samples were calculated using a standard curve prepared using a standard series of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The optimized reagents were 2 N NaOH (sodium hydroxide), 2% Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), 1% CuSO4 (copper sulfate), 2% KNaC4H4O6 (potassium sodium tartrate), and 2 N Folin and Ciocalteu’s phenol. This modified protein assay was sensitive for quantifying Leishmania proteins in a total crude extract or in a soluble fraction within the approximate range of 10–500 μg/ml (1–50 μg/assay) and showed a linearity between color intensity and concentration of the protein. This is an easier, fast, and accurate method for quantifying proteins with microvolumes in a cost-effective manner for routine use in research laboratories in resource-limited settings.

Low cost HIV-1 quantitative RT-PCR assay in resource-limited settings: Improvement and implementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzania Fibriani ◽  
Nadya Farah ◽  
Inri Kusumadewi ◽  
Suzan D. Pas ◽  
Reinout van Crevel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis programs in resource-limited settings: opportunities for improved outcomes and more cost-effective interventions

BMC Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Ciaranello ◽  
Ji-Eun Park ◽  
Lynn Ramirez-Avila ◽  
Kenneth A Freedberg ◽  
Rochelle P Walensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Hiv 1

Cost-effective HIV-1 virological monitoring in resource-limited settings using a modified commercially available qPCR RNA assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaseelan Boobalan ◽  
Andrea Torti ◽  
Thongadi Ramesh Dinesha ◽  
Sunil Suhas Solomon ◽  
Pachamuthu Balakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Virological Monitoring ◽  
Hiv 1

One-post patterning of multiple protein gradients using a low-cost flash foam stamp

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (99) ◽  
pp. 17588-17591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yu ◽  
Qiong Chen ◽  
Yun Li Tian ◽  
An Xiu Gao ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Patterning ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Multiple Protein ◽  
Protein Gradients

Versatile chemical and biological inks were printed using a cost-effective flash foam stamp (FFS) for one-post patterning of multiple protein gradients, demonstrating an accessible solution for resource-limited laboratories conducting molecular patterning experiments.

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