scholarly journals Neural Processing of Cognitive Control in an Emotionally Neutral Context in Anxiety Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Nicola König ◽  
Sarah Steber ◽  
Anna Borowski ◽  
Harald Bliem ◽  
Sonja Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Neutral Context ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Stimulus Evaluation

Impaired cognitive control plays a crucial role in anxiety disorders and is associated with deficient neural mechanisms in the fronto-parietal network. Usually, these deficits were found in tasks with an emotional context. The present study aimed at investigating electrophysiological and vascular signatures from event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in anxiety patients versus healthy controls during an inhibition task integrated in an emotionally neutral context. Neural markers were acquired during the completion of a classical Eriksen flanker task. The focus of data analysis has been the ERPs N200 and P300 and fNIRS activations in addition to task performance. No behavioral or neural group differences were identified. ERP findings showed a larger N2pc and a delayed and reduced P300 for incongruent stimuli. The N2pc modulation suggests the reorienting of attention to salient stimuli, while the P300 indicates longer lasting stimulus evaluation processes due to increased task difficulty. FNIRS did not result in any significant activation potentially suggesting a contribution from deeper brain areas not measurable with fNIRS. The missing group difference in our non-emotional task indicates that no generalized cognitive control deficit but rather a more emotionally driven deficit is present in anxiety patients.

scholarly journals A Willingness-to-Pay Associated Right Prefrontal Activation During a Single, Real Use of Lipsticks as Assessed Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazue Hirabayashi ◽  
Tatsuya Tokuda ◽  
Tomomi Nishinuma ◽  
Keith Kawabata Duncan ◽  
Keiko Tagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Consistent Group ◽  
The Right

Understanding consumer preferences and behavior is a major goal of consumer-oriented companies. The application of neuroscience to this goal is a promising avenue for companies. Previously, we observed a positive correlation during actual cosmetic use between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity, measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and the associated willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. However, we were unable to find any consistent group differences in the right dlPFC between different powdery foundations. Thus, the main objective of this study was to replicate the previous study and in addition, we aimed to refine the method of the previous study to increase the chance that a difference in valuation between different products can be detected. Twenty-five frequent lipstick using females were asked to apply six different lipsticks to their lips and to record how much they were willing to pay. To maximize the variation of the subjective experience of the products and the associated brain activity, the most preferred color lipstick and a less preferred color lipstick were chosen for each participant, and each color of lipstick had three different textures (Lo, Mid, and Hi). The time series was analyzed with the general linear model (GLM) and the correlation between the right dlPFC beta scores for the lipsticks and their respective WTP values conducted for each participant. This revealed a significant positive correlation and replicated our previous study. Surprisingly, the lipstick color and the texture manipulations did not result in any consistent differences in WTP and similarly no consistent group differences in brain activations. This study replicates our previous study extending it to a different type of cosmetic. The right dlPFC activity during the use of cosmetics may be a potential brain-based personalization or product selection process biomarker.

scholarly journals Auditory and Visual Response Inhibition in Children with Bilateral Hearing Aids and Children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bell ◽  
Wolfgang Scharke ◽  
Vanessa Reindl ◽  
Janina Fels ◽  
Christiane Neuschaefer-Rube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Children With Adhd

Children fitted with hearing aids (HAs) and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have marked difficulties concentrating in noisy environments. However, little is known about the underlying neural mechanism of auditory and visual attention deficits in a direct comparison of both groups. The current functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study was the first to investigate the behavioral performance and neural activation during an auditory and a visual go/nogo paradigm in children fitted with bilateral HAs, children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC). All children reacted faster, but less accurately, to visual than auditory stimuli, indicating a sensory-specific response inhibition efficiency. Independent of modality, children with ADHD and children with HAs reacted faster and tended to show more false alarms than TDC. On a neural level, however, children with ADHD showed supra-modal neural alterations, particularly in frontal regions. On the contrary, children with HAs exhibited modality-dependent alterations in the right temporopolar cortex. Higher activation was observed in the auditory than in the visual condition. Thus, while children with ADHD and children with HAs showed similar behavioral alterations, different neural mechanisms might underlie these behavioral changes. Future studies are warranted to confirm the current findings with larger samples. To this end, fNIRS provided a promising tool to differentiate the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition deficits between groups and modalities.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Mental Rotation in Preschoolers With High or Low Working Memory Capacity: An fNIRS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
Dandan Wu ◽  
Jiutong Luo ◽  
Sha Xie ◽  
Chunqi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

This study explored the differentiated neural correlates of mental rotation (MR) in preschoolers with high and low working memory capacity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Altogether 38 Chinese preschoolers (M = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years) completed the Working Memory Capacity (WMC) test, the Mental Rotation (MR), and its Control tasks (without MR). They were divided into High-WMC (N1 = 9) and Low-WMC (N2 = 18) groups based on the WMC scores. The behavioral and fNIRS results indicated that: (1) there were no significant differences in MR task performance between the High-WMC (Mmr = 23.44, SD = 0.88) and Low-WMC group (Mmr = 23.67, SD = 0.59); (2) the Low-WMC group activated BA6, BA8, BA 9, and BA 44, whereas the High-WMC group activated BA8, BA10 and BA 44 during mental rotation; (3) significant differences were found in the activation of BA44 and BA9 between the High-WMC and Low-WMC groups during mental rotation; and (4) the High-WMC and Low-WMC groups differed significantly in the activation of BA 9 and BA10 during the control tasks, indicating that both areas might be responsible for the group differences in working memory.

scholarly journals Brain–computer interface technologies for monitoring and control of bionic systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2058 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
R M Berestov ◽  
E A Bobkov ◽  
V S Belov ◽  
A V Nevedin
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Set Systems ◽  
Character Set ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract At the moment, neurocomputer interfaces (BCI) make it possible to implement on their basis devices for diagnosing a physical condition, implementing control systems for bionic prostheses, information input means such as neuro chat and character set systems based on brain potentials. At the moment, the main technology for obtaining brain activity for neurointerfaces is the electroencephalogram (EEG). There are promising technologies that will make it possible to achieve new results in the field of neurointerfaces. These technologies are functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).

scholarly journals Prefrontal Cortex Control of Walking: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 791-791
Author(s):  
Andrea Rosso ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Primary Means

Abstract Cognitive control of walking may change with aging and is associated with poorer mobility and greater fall risk. The prefrontal cortex function is important for cognitive control of walking, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides the primary means for assessing prefrontal activation during walking. Growing interest in fNIRS to assess cognitive control of walking has led to advancements in the methodologies for processing and analyzing the data, a greater sophistication of experimental protocols and participant samples, and implementation within intervention studies. These advancements will be highlighted in five presentations from an international group of researchers at the forefront of the field. First, Meltem Izzetoglu will provide direct comparisons of various data processing methodologies, demonstrating comparability across approaches. Three talks will demonstrate the range of applications of fNIRS to studying walking in older adults. Nemin Chen will present data on task-related patterns of prefrontal activation across walking tasks in relation to performance, cognitive function, and structural brain health. Sarah Fraser will present results from stair climbing, a critical task for daily function which also presents a fall risk. Inbal Maidan will examine how individual differences affect prefrontal activity during walking across older adults, younger adults, and patients with Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis. Finally, David Clark will demonstrate the use of fNIRS in assessing outcomes from an intervention that combined walking with non-invasive frontal brain stimulation. Roee Holtzer will lead a discussion of the results and the future of fNIRS in assessing cognitive control of walking in older adults.

scholarly journals Instructor-learner brain coupling discriminates between instructional approaches and predicts learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Pan ◽  
Suzanne Dikker ◽  
Pavel Goldstein ◽  
Yi Zhu ◽  
Cuirong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Instructional Approaches ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Constructive Engagement

AbstractThe neural mechanisms that support naturalistic learning via effective pedagogical approaches remain elusive. Here we use functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure brain activity from instructor-learner dyads simultaneously during dynamic conceptual learning. We report that brain-to-brain coupling is correlated with learning outcomes, and, crucially, appears to be driven by specific scaffolding behaviors on the part of the instructors (e.g., asking guiding questions or providing hints). Brain-to-brain coupling enhancement is absent when instructors use an explanation approach (e.g., providing definitions or clarifications). Finally, we find that machine-learning techniques are more successful when decoding instructional approaches (scaffolding vs. explanation) from brain-to-brain coupling data than when using a single-brain method. These findings suggest that brain-to-brain coupling as a pedagogically relevant measure tracks the naturalistic instructional process during instructor-learner interaction throughout constructive engagement, but not information clarification.

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