scholarly journals Cognitive Training Deep Dive: The Impact of Child, Training Behavior and Environmental Factors within a Controlled Trial of Cogmed for Fragile X Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Haleigh Scott ◽  
Danielle J. Harvey ◽  
Yueju Li ◽  
Yingratana A. McLennan ◽  
Cindy K. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Training Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) exhibit deficits in a variety of cognitive processes within the executive function domain. As working memory (WM) is known to support a wide range of cognitive, learning and adaptive functions, WM computer-based training programs have the potential to benefit people with FXS and other forms of intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). However, research on the effectiveness of WM training has been mixed. The current study is a follow-up “deep dive” into the data collected during a randomized controlled trial of Cogmed (Stockholm, Sweden) WM training in children with FXS. Analyses characterized the training data, identified training quality metrics, and identified subgroups of participants with similar training patterns. Child, parent, home environment and training quality metrics were explored in relation to the clinical outcomes during the WM training intervention. Baseline cognitive level and training behavior metrics were linked to gains in WM performance-based assessments and also to reductions in inattention and other behaviors related to executive functioning during the intervention. The results also support a recommendation that future cognitive intervention trials with individuals with IDD such as FXS include additional screening of participants to determine not only baseline feasibility, but also capacity for training progress over a short period prior to inclusion and randomization. This practice may also better identify individuals with IDD who are more likely to benefit from cognitive training in clinical and educational settings.

Investigating the Impact of Cognitive Training for Individuals With Bothersome Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982199474
Author(s):  
Maggie Xing ◽  
Dorina Kallogjeri ◽  
Jay F. Piccirillo
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Index ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive training in improving tinnitus bother and to identify predictors of patient response. Study Design Prospective open-label randomized controlled trial. Setting Online. Methods Participants were adults with subjective idiopathic nonpulsatile tinnitus causing significant tinnitus-related distress. The intervention group trained by using auditory-intensive exercises for 20 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 8 weeks. The active control group trained on the same schedule with non–auditory intensive games. Surveys were completed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results A total of 64 participants completed the study. The median age was 63 years (range, 25-69) in the intervention group and 61 years (34-68) in the control group. Mixed model analysis revealed that within-subject change in Tinnitus Functional Index in the intervention group was not different than the control group, with marginal mean differences (95% CI): 0.24 (–11.20 to 10.7) and 2.17 (–8.50 to 12.83) at 8 weeks and 2.33 (–8.6 to 13.3) and 3.36 (–7.91 to 14.6) at 12 weeks, respectively. When the 2 study groups were compared, the control group had higher Tinnitus Functional Index scores than the intervention group by 10.5 points at baseline (95% CI, –0.92 to 29.89), 8.1 at 8 weeks (95% CI, –3.27 to 19.42), and 9.4 at 12 weeks (95% CI, –2.45 to 21.34). Conclusion Auditory-intensive cognitive training was not associated with changes in self-reported tinnitus bother. Given the potential for neuroplasticity to affect tinnitus, we believe that future studies on cognitive training for tinnitus remain relevant.

Altered Behaviour Associated With Autism in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome Treated With Bacteroides Fragilis BF839

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Hui Lin ◽  
Ting Zeng ◽  
Jian-Hong Lin ◽  
Feng Xiao ◽  
Bing-Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS), tightly related to the morbidity of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a common hereditary syndrome often associated with retardation of intelligence. Some key symptoms of ASD such as anxiety, cognitive impairment and social anxiety disorder are also the predominant features in FXS. Children with ASD are often performed with gastrointestinal symptoms. According to the existing research, with the treatment with Bacteroides Fragilis BF839, mice with ASD will have better performance in communication and social behaviours with less anxiety and perceptual disorder. In this article, we have observed the impact of Bacteroides Fragilis BF839, a well-established Chinese bacteria strain with the human intestine origin, on mice with FXS and their behavioural disorders accordingly. Result: Based on the Open Field test, compared to the Fmr1KO group, mice treated with BF839 showed prolonged staying time in the center of the container. This finding suggests that BF839 can improve Fmr1KO mice's self-exploration behaviour and dented their anxiety. The Elevated Plus Maze test indicated BF839 treated mice presented more activities in entering open arms, prolonged time of staying and significantly less distance travelled at the plus-maze, along with less entering behaviours in the closed arms with less time of staying and more distance travelled. This result proved that with the treatment of BF839, Fmr1KO mice have improved ability in recognizing the surrounding environment and greater senses at detecting danger. Three-box Social Interaction test confirmed that BF839 strengthens the social novelty preference of the Fmr1KO mice, proven by their increasing duration and frequency in social interacting with the stranger mouse. The final experiment named the Pool Maze test presented the result that on the fourth day, BF839 treated mice have shown significantly shortened escape latency. Meanwhile, on Day 5, BF839 treated group performed increasing frequency in passing through the platform, which, along with the shortened escape latency, demonstrated BF839 has the function of improving Fmr1KO mice's cognitive capacity and their ability to extract information from the surrounding environment.Conclusion: Based on the outcome of each test performed, Bacteroides Fragilis BF839 can successfully improve Autism related abnormal behaviours in mice with FXS. Bacteroides Fragilis BF839 can be a potential intervention strategy in treating FXS and ASD safely and effectively.

scholarly journals Delineating Repetitive Behavior Profiles across the Lifespan in Fragile X Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Debra L. Reisinger ◽  
Rebecca C. Shaffer ◽  
Nicole Tartaglia ◽  
Elizabeth Berry-Kravis ◽  
Craig A. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

Restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core area of impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but also affect several other neurodevelopmental disorders including fragile X syndrome (FXS). Current literature has begun to describe the RRB profile in FXS up through adolescence; however, little is known about the subtypes of RRBs in adolescents and adults. Further, literature on the RRB profile of females with FXS is limited. The present study examines the RRB profile across subtypes and specific items in both males and females with FXS while assessing for differences based on age, ASD diagnosis and the impact of IQ. Participants included 154 individuals with FXS (ages 2 to 50 years old). Results revealed a peak in RRB severity in FXS between 7–12 years for the majority of RRB subscales with the exception of Sensory-Motor behaviors peaking between 2 and 12 years before declining. Distinct RRB profiles in males and females with FXS emerged in addition to significant overlap among the item and subscale levels of RRBs across gender. Further, an added diagnosis of ASD significantly increased rates of RRBs across all subscale levels, but not necessarily across all items. Lastly, IQ did not solely account for the presence of RRBs in FXS, with Sensory-Motor behaviors being driven by comorbid ASD in males with FXS, and Restricted Interest behaviors being driven by comorbid ASD regardless of gender. These findings build on the current understanding of RRBs in FXS based on gender and comorbid ASD and lay important groundwork for the development of targeted behavioral and pharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Low-Dose Sertraline in Young Children With Fragile X Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Greiss Hess ◽  
Sarah E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Danh V. Nguyen ◽  
Yanjun Chen ◽  
Kimberly N. Gaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

scholarly journals The Effect of Self-Financing on Learning Motivation with Mediation of Training Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Endang Setyowati ◽  
Dyah Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
The Self ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Training Quality ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

This study aims to examine the effect of Self-financing on Training quality and the impact on learning motivation of trainees at UPT BLK Singosari-Malang. This research is important because in the researchers knowledge it has never been studied before and can contribute to Singosari BLK UPT to determine appropriate Self-financing and training. The study population was 60 participants who had attended training at UPT BLK Singosari during 2019 using Self-financing. Because the samples are small, this study uses a census sample, where a total of 60 people are sampled. Data collection uses a questionnaire. Data was obtained by distributing a list of questions about the Self-financing variable and Training quality in relation to learning motivation to respondents. The data obtained were analyzed by multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The results showed that Self-financing directly has a significant effect on Training quality variable. Self-financing directly has a significant effect on variable Learning motivation. The Training quality directly has a significant effect on Learning motivation variable. Self-financing indirectly has a significant effect on Learning motivation mediated by Training quality.

scholarly journals Impact of an Individualized Cognitive Training Intervention in Preschoolers from Poor Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2912
Author(s):  
Federico Giovannetti ◽  
Marcos Luis Pietto ◽  
María Soledad Segretín ◽  
Sebastián Javier Lipina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Computerized Cognitive Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
Contextual Variability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Over the last few decades, different interventions were shown to be effective in changing cognitive performance in preschoolers from poor homes undertaking tasks with executive demands. However, this evidence also showed that not all children included in the intervention groups equally increased their performance levels, which could be related to individual and contextual variability. The present study aimed to explore the impact of a computerized cognitive training intervention with lab-based tasks in preschoolers from Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) homes under the consideration of their baseline performance. In the context of a randomized controlled trial design, different interventions were administered to children according to their baseline performance in a variety of cognitive tasks (i.e., executive attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and planning demands). The results showed different patterns of impact on performance depending on the experimental group, supporting the importance of considering individual and contextual differences in the design of interventions aimed at optimizing executive functions in poverty-impacted sample populations in early stages of development.

Autistic behavior in children with fragile X syndrome: Prevalence, stability, and the impact of FMRP

2006 ◽  
Vol 140A (17) ◽  
pp. 1804-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah D. Hatton ◽  
John Sideris ◽  
Martie Skinner ◽  
Jean Mankowski ◽  
Donald B. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Autistic Behavior ◽  
The Impact
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