Identifying the Configuration Differences of Primary Schools with Different Administrative Affiliations in China

Equalization of education facilities, which means the balanced distribution of human and material resources under limited resource conditions, is one of the goals of sustainable development. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, there are apparent discrepancies between urban and rural areas because of different land and household registration systems. Primary schools with three types of different administrative affiliations also have significant distinctions. This study is aimed at assessing and comparing the configuration of primary schools with three different administrative affiliations, including cities, towns, and villages. After building an indicator system, the entropy weight method is applied to calculate the overall and category configuration scores of each school. Based on a spatial database, the ArcGIS thematic maps display the geography characteristic of each school in different geolocations. Moreover, the Kruskal–Wallis test identifies if the configuration of primary schools with different administrative affiliations is equal. The results indicate that the allocation of primary schools with three different administrative affiliations showed a ternary development. Moreover, although primary schools with city affiliation had significant advantages in education quality and convenience, their supply–demand conditions were not optimistic. In addition, the quality of the primary schools subordinate to towns was better, but convenience was generally lower. Finally, the quality of primary schools subordinate to villages and some towns was still poor. The results provide facts and a basis for policymakers to achieve an equity configuration in the sustainable development context.

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Architectural Design based on Wang Shu’s Approach to Theory and Research

KnE Social Sciences ◽

10.18502/kss.v3i27.5530 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lingke Zhang

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Cultural Continuity ◽

Small Scale ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Urbanization In China ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Theory Research

Under the process of rapid urbanization, the problem of cultural continuity began to appear in Chinese urban and rural areas. After studying architecture in China and researching Western philosophy, Chinese architect Wang Shu developed a unique theory based on the reality of urbanization in China. In order to realistically act upon this context, he began developing a methodology for his based on conducting detailed research and performing experiments with small-scale projects as a precursor to begin design projects.As a result, his works shows great respect to the quality of local life and culture.His research and practice has allowed him to overcome the distinction between professional and amateur, city and countryside. This essay introduces Wang Shu’s research-based architectural design approach through three levels: theory, research, and practice.

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Placemaking Interventions in Palestine as Demonstration Effects on the Ground

The Journal of Public Space ◽

10.32891/jps.v5i1.1256 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 167-176

Author(s):

Ahmad El-Atrash

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

West Bank ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Building Design ◽

Public Spaces ◽

The West ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Privately Owned

The urban development and rapid urbanization that the West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem and Gaza Strip have recently encountered have adversely affected the quality and availability of open spaces inside the Palestinian urban and rural areas. Public spaces are fundamental in the lives of any community striving to achieve a sustainable and inclusive environment and improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. In that respect, the prevailing planning practices fall short in terms of adequately addressing the provision of public spaces. Laws and regulations are designed to focus on limited physical properties of buildings (e.g. building design, elevation, heights, setbacks, parking, etc.,) with little or no attention to the residual space, inevitably, created between those blocks. Lands are chiefly privately owned, and considered of a very high value due to the artificial land scarcity phenomenon resulted from the geo-political classification of the West Bank Existing public spaces are not welcoming to the general public. Spaces are misplaced and scattered, they offer pre-defined activities and an inflexible environment. Many parts of the society feel alienated to such public spaces, created by a top-down process with minimal integration of their needs and aspirations.

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INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR EXPLORING CRITICAL ELEMENTS THAT AFFECT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Journal of Business Economics and Management ◽

10.3846/jbem.2021.14261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 596-615

Author(s):

Yueh-Cheng Wu ◽

Sheng-Wei Lin

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Local Governments ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Indicator System ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Creative Industries ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Entropy Weight ◽

Cultural And Creative Industries

The cultural and creative industries (CCIs) are increasingly regarded as a means to cure economic stagnation and boost sustainable development; thus, they have become the focus of cultural, social, and economic policies. This study adopts a city governance perspective to explore topics that should be considered in CCIs development. We combine entropy weight and grey relational analysis into an evaluation indicator system that considers ambiguity and complexity. The results reveal the cities in the eastern region and offshore islands took more advantage of investment in cultural resources than cities in the western region. It indicates that local governments understand that the economic benefits of culture are not limited to certain CCIs but extend to the overall economy. Through stimulus policies, communities have been built and effectively revitalized regional economies. The developed method prioritizes the provision of cultural and creative resources to effectively improve resource–generating capacity of a city. This study provides suggestions for decision makers in cultural and creative sectors to help them overcome the gap in resource allocation between urban and rural areas.

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Experiences and Challenges of the Chinese Rural Education Development in the Context of the Rapid Urbanization

Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability - Handbook of Research on Rural Sociology and Community Mobilization for Sustainable Growth ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7158-2.ch016 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 271-295

Author(s):

Chenbing Wu ◽

Cong Lyu ◽

Jiacheng Li

Keyword(s):

Rural Education ◽

Rural Schools ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Chinese Education ◽

Education Development ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

With the speeding-up of the Chinese economy, China is experiencing the rapid urbanization. Meanwhile, the Chinese rural education is also developing, which has made great progress in recent years. However, inequity between urban and rural education prevalently exists in China, and the unbalanced development of urban and rural areas still influences the Chinese education. However, the Chinese have taken a lot of measures to enhance the quality of rural education, such as ad hoc post policy, the school meal program, and so on. In addition, the rural schools have also launched some activities to develop the students and to serve the society.

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QUALITY OF LIFE IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF FIVE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Hallym International Journal of Aging ◽

10.2190/lakd-e44b-knxj-10xr ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

HEIDRUN MOLLENKOPF ◽

ROMAN KASPAR ◽

FIORELLA MARCELLINI ◽

ISTO RUOPPILA ◽

ZSUZSA SZÉMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Rural Areas ◽

European Countries ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

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Population-Level Prevalence, Bother, and Treatment Behavior for Urinary Incontinence in an Eastern European Country: Findings from the LUTS POLAND Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2314

Author(s):

Mikolaj Przydacz ◽

Marcin Chlosta ◽

Piotr Chlosta

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Eastern European Country ◽

Population Level ◽

Eastern European ◽

Level Data ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Eastern European Countries

Objectives: Population-level data are lacking for urinary incontinence (UI) in Central and Eastern European countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, bother, and behavior regarding treatment for UI in a population-representative group of Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Methods: Data for this epidemiological study were derived from the larger LUTS POLAND project, in which a group of adults that typified the Polish population were surveyed, by telephone, about lower urinary tract symptoms. Respondents were classified by age, sex, and place of residence. UI was assessed with a standard protocol and established International Continence Society definitions. Results: The LUTS POLAND survey included 6005 completed interviews. The prevalence of UI was 14.6–25.4%; women reported a greater occurrence compared with men (p < 0.001). For both sexes, UI prevalence increased with age. Stress UI was the most common type of UI in women, and urgency UI was the most prevalent in men. We did not find a difference in prevalence between urban and rural areas. Individuals were greatly bothered by UI. For women, mixed UI was the most bothersome, whereas for men, leak for no reason was most annoying. More than half of respondents (51.4–62.3%) who reported UI expressed anxiety about the effect of UI on their quality of life. Nevertheless, only around one third (29.2–38.1%) of respondents with UI sought treatment, most of whom received treatment. Persons from urban and rural areas did not differ in the degrees of treatment seeking and treatment receiving. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence was prevalent and greatly bothersome among Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Consequently, UI had detrimental effects on quality of life. Nonetheless, most affected persons did not seek treatment. Therefore, we need to increase population awareness in Poland about UI and available treatment methods, and we need to ensure adequate allocation of government and healthcare system resources.

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Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors for patients with hypertension: evidence from the urban and rural areas of Shaanxi Province, China

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-016-1536-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Yulian Zhang ◽

Zhongliang Zhou ◽

Jianmin Gao ◽

Dan Wang ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

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Influence of community satisfaction with individual happiness: comparative study in semi-urban and rural areas of Tikapur, Nepal

Global Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/1757975916672169 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 22-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Myung-Bae Park ◽

Chun-Bae Kim ◽

Chhabi Ranabhat ◽

Chang-Soo Kim ◽

Sei-Jin Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

National Level ◽

Medical Services ◽

Community Satisfaction ◽

Critical Factors ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Happiness is a subjective indicator of overall living conditions and quality of life. Recently, community- and national-level investigations connecting happiness and community satisfaction were conducted. This study investigated the effects of community satisfaction on happiness in Nepal. A factor analysis was employed to examine 24 items that are used to measure community satisfaction, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of these factors on happiness. In semi-urban areas, sanitation showed a positive relationship with happiness. In rural areas, edu-medical services were negatively related to happiness, while agriculture was positively related. Gender and perceived health were closely associated with happiness in rural areas. Both happiness and satisfaction are subjective concepts, and are perceived differently depending on the socio-physical environment and personal needs. Sanitation, agriculture (food) and edu-medical services were critical factors that affected happiness; however, the results of this study cannot be generalized to high-income countries.

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