scholarly journals Emission Reduction Potential of Different Types of Finnish Buildings through Energy Retrofits

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Janne Hirvonen ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Paula Sankelo ◽  
Tuomo Niemelä ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Relative Potential

Energy retrofitting of buildings shows great potential in reducing CO2 emissions. However, most retrofitting studies only focus on a single building type. This paper shows the relative potential in six Finnish building types, to identify possible focus areas for future retrofits in Finland. Data from previous optimization studies was used to provide optimal cases for comparison. Energy demand of the buildings was generated through dynamic simulation with the IDA-ICE software. The cases were compared according to emissions reduction, investment and life cycle cost. It was found that, in all buildings, it was possible to reduce emissions cost-neutrally by 20% to 70% in buildings with district heating and by 70% to 95% using heat pumps. Single-family homes with oil or wood boilers switching to heat pumps had the greatest emission reduction potential. More stringent requirements for energy efficiency could be mandated during building renovation.

scholarly journals Optimization of emission reducing energy retrofits in Finnish apartment buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Hirvonen ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Juhani Heljo ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Reduce Emissions

This study examined the cost-optimality of energy renovation on Finnish apartment buildings of different ages, built according to different energy performance requirements. Multi-objective optimization was utilized to minimize both CO2 emissions and life cycle cost (LCC). IDA-ICE simulations were performed to obtain the hourly heating demand of the buildings. Four building age classes and three heating systems (district heating, exhaust air heat pump and ground-source heat pump) were separately optimized. With district heating, it was possible to reduce emissions by 11%, while also reducing LCC. With heat pumps cost-savings could be achieved while reducing emissions by over 49%. With maximal (not cost-effective) investments, emissions could be reduced by more than 70% in all examined cases. In all cases, the cheapest solutions included solar electricity and sewage heat recovery. In old buildings, window upgrades and additional roof insulation were cost-effective. In new buildings, demand-based ventilation was included in all optimal solutions.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Energy Communities

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Schram ◽  
Atse Louwen ◽  
Ioannis Lampropoulos ◽  
Wilfried van Sark
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Energy Sharing

In this research, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries were determined in eight different countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Also, the difference between using prosuming electricity as a community (i.e., energy sharing) and prosuming it as an individual household was calculated. Results show that all investigated technologies have substantial GHG emission reduction potential. A strong moderating factor is the existing electricity generation mix of a country: the GHG emission reduction potential is highest in countries that currently have high hourly emission factors. GHG emission reduction potentials are highest in southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy) and lowest in countries with a high share of nuclear energy (Belgium, France). Hence, from a European GHG emission reduction perspective, it has most impact to install PV in countries that currently have a fossil-fueled electricity mix and/or have high solar irradiation. Lastly, we have seen that energy sharing leads to an increased GHG emission reduction potential in all countries, because it leads to higher PV capacities.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Reduction Potential in the Finnish Energy System Due to Power and Heat Sector Coupling with Different Renovation Scenarios of Housing Stock

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Ilkka Jokinen ◽  
Arslan Ahmad Bashir ◽  
Janne Hirvonen ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Risto Kosonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential

In the pursuit of mitigating the effects of climate change the European Union and the government of Finland have set targets for emission reductions for the near future. This study examined the carbon emission reduction potential in the Finnish energy system with power-to-heat (P2H) coupling of the electricity and heat sectors with different housing renovation levels. The measures conducted in the energy system were conducted as follows. Wind power generation was increased in the Finnish power system with 10 increments. For each of these, the operation of hydropower was optimized to maximize the utilization of new wind generation. The excess wind generation was used to replace electricity and heat from combined heat and power production for district heating. The P2H conversion was performed by either 2000 m deep borehole heat exchangers coupled to heat pumps, with possible priming of heat, or with electrode boilers. The housing stock renovated to different levels affected both the electricity and district heating demands. The carbon emission reduction potential of the building renovation measures, and the energy system measures were determined over 25 years. Together with the required investment costs for the different measures, unit costs of emission reductions, €/t-CO2, were determined. The lowest unit cost solution of different measures was established, for which the unit cost of emission reductions was 241 €/t-CO2 and the reduced carbon emissions 11.3 Mt-CO2 annually. Moreover, the energy system measures were found to be less expensive compared to the building renovation measures, in terms of unit costs, and the P2H coupling a cost-efficient manner to increase the emission reductions.

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