scholarly journals Cancer Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy: Where Do We Stand in the Targeting of PRAME?

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaneya Al-Khadairi ◽  
Julie Decock
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Testis Antigen ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cancer Testis

PRAME or PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma is a testis-selective cancer testis antigen (CTA) with restricted expression in somatic tissues and re-expression in various cancers. It is one of the most widely studied CTAs and has been associated with the outcome and risk of metastasis. Although little is known about its pathophysiological function, PRAME has gained interest as a candidate target for immunotherapy. This review provides an update on our knowledge on PRAME expression and function in healthy and malignant cells and the current immunotherapeutic strategies targeting PRAME with their specific challenges and opportunities. We also highlight some of the features that position PRAME as a unique cancer testis antigen to target.

scholarly journals Cancer-testis antigen MAGE-C1/ CT7 in multiple myeloma: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
E. A. Makunina
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigen ◽  
Hematological Diseases ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Disease Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Transformation ◽  
Cancer Testis

Group of tumor-associated antigens, which is normally expressed in placental cells and testicular germ cells, is called cancer-testis antigens. To date, more than 40 gene families have been identified that encode cancer-testis antigens, and their expression has been studied in many types of malignant diseases. It is assumed that the expression of cancer-testis antigens can contribute to the development of the tumor transformation process, including hematological diseases. Of particular interest in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma is the MAGE-C1/CT7 antigen, the expression of which is most often detected in this case. According to data published by various authors, the expression of MAGEC1 in multiple myeloma can be considered as an additional marker of a poor disease prognosis, represent the effectiveness of chemotherapy approaches, and, possibly, be an earlier predictor of relapse or progression.

TPTE “Cancer/Testis” antigen is a candidate target for immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (16_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2583-2583 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Singhal ◽  
F. Qian ◽  
B. Keitz ◽  
D. Driscoll ◽  
J. Skipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigen ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
Cancer Testis

Expression of the cancer-testis antigen FMR1NB on the surface of malignant cells.

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13045-e13045
Author(s):  
T. Luetkens ◽  
Y. Cao ◽  
K. Bartels ◽  
S. Meyer ◽  
C. Bokemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Testis Antigen ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Cancer Testis

scholarly journals Cancer Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy: A new Dawn

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02033
Author(s):  
Bingcan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Cancer Antigens ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Tumor Specificity ◽  
Cancer Testis

Immunotherapy for cancer has been recognized as the fourth therapeutic method after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which can prevent postoperative metastasis and recurrence and reduce or even eliminate the toxic and side effects of chemoradiotherapy. The development of successful immunotherapy strategies need to use cancer antigens which can be identified by the host’s immune system. This method’s ability in causing antitumor immune response has been fully proved, but it also faces enormous risks and challenges, as finding the highly efficient and specific tumor markers is very difficult. Cancer-testis antigens(CTA) are a special kind of tumor antigens with normal expression restricted to male germ cells in the testis but not in adult somatic tissues. The immune privileged status of CTA gives tumor specificity and makes it an ideal candidate for targeted immunotherapy biomarkers. Here, we briefly review the research history, expression characteristics of CTA, molecular mechanisms of CT gene, and the bright future of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Cancer/Testis Antigen MAGE-C1/CT7: New Target for Multiple Myeloma Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio de Carvalho ◽  
André L. Vettore ◽  
Gisele W. B. Colleoni
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Cancer Testis

Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a promising class of tumor antigens that have a limited expression in somatic tissues (testis, ovary, fetal, and placental cells). Aberrant expression of CTAs in cancer cells may lead to abnormal chromosome segregation and aneuploidy. CTAs are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and acetylation of histones) and are attractive targets for immunotherapy in cancer because the gonads are immune privileged organs and anti-CTA immune response can be tumor-specific. Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy, and several CTAs have been detected in many MM cell lines and patients. Among CTAs expressed in MM we must highlight theMAGE-C1/CT7located on the X chromosome and expressed specificity in the malignant plasma cells. MAGE-C1/CT7 seems to be related to disease progression and functional studies suggests that this CTA might play a role in cell cycle and mainly in survival of malignant plasma cells, protecting myeloma cells against spontaneous as well as drug-induced apoptosis.

scholarly journals Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Cancer-testis Antigen Poor Malignancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Sepideh Faramarzi ◽  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigen ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer Testis

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively frequent cancer with increasing incidence in some regions. There is a need for early diagnosis of this cancer as a significant number of patients develop metastasis in their clinical course. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor associated antigens whose expression has been assessed in a wide range of malignancies. CTAs are also considered as immunotherapy targets. Considering the relative responsiveness of RCC patients to immunotherapy, expression analysis of CTAs in RCC is of clinical importance. However, data regarding expression of CTAs in RCC is scarce except for a few numbers of CTAs including NY-ESO-1. The expression pattern of CTAs in RCC samples and cell lines is reviewed in this manuscript.

The ENIGMA Brain Injury Working Group: Approach, Challenges, and Potential Benefits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
David F Tate
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Function ◽  
Neuroimaging Genetics

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium brings together researchers from around the world to try to identify the genetic underpinnings of brain structure and function, along with robust, generalizable effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The recently-formed ENIGMA Brain Injury working group includes 8 subgroups, based largely on injury mechanism and patient population. This introduction to the special issue summarizes the history, organization, and objectives of ENIGMA Brain Injury, and includes a discussion of strategies, challenges, opportunities and goals common across 6 of the subgroups under the umbrella of ENIGMA Brain Injury. The following articles in this special issue, including 6 articles from different subgroups, will detail the challenges and opportunities specific to each subgroup.

scholarly journals Expression of Cancer Testis Antigens in Tumor-Adjacent Normal Liver Is Associated with Post-Resection Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Lisanne Noordam ◽  
Zhouhong Ge ◽  
Hadiye Özturk ◽  
Michail Doukas ◽  
Shanta Mancham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Occult Metastasis ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hcc Recurrence ◽  
Cancer Testis

High recurrence rates after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with curative intent impair clinical outcomes of HCC. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are suitable targets for cancer immunotherapy if selectively expressed in tumor cells. The aims were to identify CTAs that are frequently and selectively expressed in HCC-tumors, and to investigate whether CTAs could serve as biomarkers for occult metastasis. Tumor and paired tumor-free liver (TFL) tissues of HCC-patients and healthy tissues were assessed for mRNA expression of 49 CTAs by RT-qPCR and protein expression of five CTAs by immunohistochemistry. Twelve CTA-mRNAs were expressed in ≥10% of HCC-tumors and not in healthy tissues except testis. In tumors, mRNA and protein of ≥ 1 CTA was expressed in 78% and 71% of HCC-patients, respectively. In TFL, CTA mRNA and protein was found in 45% and 30% of HCC-patients, respectively. Interestingly, CTA-expression in TFL was an independent negative prognostic factor for post-resection HCC-recurrence and survival. We established a panel of 12 testis-restricted CTAs expressed in tumors of most HCC-patients. The increased risk of HCC-recurrence in patients with CTA expression in TFL, suggests that CTA-expressing (pre-)malignant cells may be a source of HCC-recurrence, reflecting the relevance of targeting these to prevent HCC-recurrence.

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