Association of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length with Prevalent and Incident Cancer and Cancer Mortality in Women: A Prospective Swedish Population-Based Study

Changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and telomere length have, separately, been proposed as risk factors for various cancer types. However, those results are conflicting. Here, mtDNA-CN and relative telomere length were measured in 3225 middle-aged women included in a large population-based prospective cohort. The baseline mtDNA-CN in patients with prevalent breast cancer was significantly higher (12.39 copies/µL) than cancer-free individuals. During an average of 15.2 years of follow-up, 520 patients were diagnosed with cancer. Lower mtDNA-CN was associated with decreased risk of genital organ cancer (hazard ratio (HR), 0.84), and shorter telomere length was associated with increased risk of urinary system cancer (HR, 1.79). Furthermore, mtDNA-CN was inversely associated with all-cause (HR, 1.20) and cancer-specific mortality (HR, 1.21) when considering all cancer types. Surprisingly, shorter telomere length was associated with decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality when considering all cancer types (HR, 0.85). Finally, lower mtDNA-CN and shorter telomere length were associated with increased risk of both all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in genital organ cancer patients. In this study population, we found that mtDNA-CN and telomere length were significantly associated with prevalent and incident cancer and cancer mortality. However, these associations were cancer type specific and need further investigation.

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Proximity to Oil Refineries and Risk of Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis

JNCI Cancer Spectrum ◽

10.1093/jncics/pkaa088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Stephen B Williams ◽

Yong Shan ◽

Usama Jazzar ◽

Preston S Kerr ◽

Ikenna Okereke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Multiple Cancer ◽

Cancer Rate ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Incident Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background The association between proximity to oil refineries and cancer rate is largely unknown. We sought to compare the rate of cancer (bladder, breast, colon, lung, lymphoma, and prostate) according to proximity to an oil refinery in Texas. Methods A total of 6 302 265 persons aged 20 years or older resided within 30 miles of an oil refinery from 2010 to 2014. We used multilevel zero-inflated Poisson regression models to examine the association between proximity to an oil refinery and cancer rate. Results We observed that proximity to an oil refinery was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of incident cancer diagnosis across all cancer types. For example, persons residing within 0-10 (risk ratio [RR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.19) and 11-20 (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.11) miles were statistically significantly more likely to be diagnosed with lymphoma than individuals who lived within 21-30 miles of an oil refinery. We also observed differences in stage of cancer at diagnosis according to proximity to an oil refinery. Moreover, persons residing within 0-10 miles were more likely to be diagnosed with distant metastasis and/or systemic disease than people residing 21-30 miles from an oil refinery. The greatest risk of distant disease was observed in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer living within 0-10 vs 21-30 miles (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.65), respectively. Conclusions Proximity to an oil refinery was associated with an increased risk of multiple cancer types. We also observed statistically significantly increased risk of regional and distant/metastatic disease according to proximity to an oil refinery.

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Association of Prenatal Ambient Air Pollution Exposure With Placental Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, Telomere Length and Preeclampsia

Frontiers in Toxicology ◽

10.3389/ftox.2021.659407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Yumjirmaa Mandakh ◽

Anna Oudin ◽

Lena Erlandsson ◽

Christina Isaxon ◽

Stefan R. Hansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Copy Number ◽

Ambient Air ◽

First Trimester ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Entire Pregnancy

Background: Studies have shown that ambient air pollution is linked to preeclampsia (PE), possibly via generation of oxidative stress in the placenta. Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) are sensitive to oxidative stress damage.Objective: To study the association between prenatal exposure to ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx, a marker for traffic-related air pollution), and PE, as well as potential mediation effects by placental telomere length and mtDNAcn.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 42 preeclamptic and 95 arbitrarily selected normotensive pregnant women with gestational ambient NOx exposure assessment in southern Scania, Sweden. Hourly concentrations of NOx were estimated at the residential addresses by a Gaussian-plume dispersion model with 100 × 100 m spatial resolutions and aggregated into trimester-specific mean concentrations. Placental relative mtDNAcn and telomere length were measured using qPCR. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate associations, adjusted for perinatal and seasonal characteristics.Results: Exposure was categorized into low and high exposures by median cut-offs during first [11.9 μg/m3; interquartile range (IQR) 7.9, 17.9], second (11.6 μg/m3; IQR: 7.1, 21.1), third trimesters (11.9 μg/m3; IQR: 7.7, 19.5) and entire pregnancy (12.0 μg/m3; IQR: 7.6, 20.1). Increased risk of PE was found for high prenatal NOx exposure during the first trimester (OR 4.0; 95% CI: 1.4, 11.1; p = 0.008), and entire pregnancy (OR 3.7; 95% CI: 1.3, 10.4; p = 0.012). High exposed group during the first trimester had lower placental relative mtDNAcn compared with low exposed group (−0.20; 95% CI: −0.36, −0.04; p = 0.01). Changes in relative mtDNAcn did not mediate the association between prenatal NOx exposure and PE. No statistically significant association was found between placental relative telomere length, prenatal NOx exposure and PE.Conclusion: In this region with relatively low levels of air pollution, ambient NOx exposure during the first trimester was associated with reduced placental relative mtDNAcn and an increased risk of PE. However, we did not find any evidence that mtDNAcn or TL mediated the association between air pollution and PE. Future research should further investigate the role of mtDNAcn for pregnancy complications in relation to exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy.

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Increased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality among women with second primary breast cancer: A SEER population-based study

Annals of Oncology ◽

10.1093/annonc/mdz101.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. iii66

Author(s):

C. Wang ◽

K. Hu ◽

H. Zheng ◽

D. Lu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Primary Breast Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Second Primary ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Breast Cancer Specific Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Cancer Specific Mortality

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Proximity to oil refineries and risk of cancer: A population-based analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e13586-e13586

Author(s):

Stephen B. Williams ◽

Yong Shan ◽

Usama Jazzar ◽

Preston Kerr ◽

Ikenna Okereke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Multiple Cancer ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Incident Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Risk Of Cancer

e13586 Background: Proximity to oil refineries and cancer incidence is largely unknown. We sought to compare the incidence of cancer (bladder, breast, colon, lung, lymphoma, and prostate) according to proximity to an oil refinery in the State of Texas. Methods: A total of 6,302,265 persons aged ≥20 years from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2014 were identified. We used zero-inflated Poisson regression models to examine the association of proximity to an oil refinery with cancer incidence. Results: We observed that proximity to an oil refinery was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident cancer diagnosis across all cancer types. For example, persons residing within 0-10 (Risk Ratio (RR) 1.16, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.13-1.19) and 11-20 (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.11) miles were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with lymphoma than individuals who lived within 21-30 miles from an oil refinery. We also observed differences in stage of cancer at diagnosis according to proximity to an oil refinery. We also found persons residing within 0-10 miles were more likely to be diagnosed with distant metastasis and/or systemic disease than people residing 21-30 miles from an oil refinery. The greatest risk of distant disease was observed in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer living within 0-10 vs. 21-30 miles (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.68), respectively. Conclusions: Proximity to an oil refinery was associated with an increased risk of multiple cancer types. We also observed significantly increased risk of regional and distant/metastatic disease according to proximity to an oil refinery.

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Ambient air pollution, blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length in a panel of diabetes patients

Inhalation Toxicology ◽

10.3109/08958378.2015.1075090 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 481-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yongjie Xia ◽

Renjie Chen ◽

Cuicui Wang ◽

Jing Cai ◽

Lianghui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Copy Number ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Dna Copy Number ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽

Diabetes Patients

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Loss of the Association between Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Contribute to Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Pathology & Oncology Research ◽

10.1007/s12253-017-0245-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hyunsu Lee ◽

Ji-Hyoung Cho ◽

Won-Jin Park ◽

Soo-Jung Jung ◽

In-Jang Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Copy Number ◽

Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽

Dna Copy Number ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number

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Elevated Cancer-Specific Mortality Among HIV-Infected Patients in the United States

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2014.59.5967 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (21) ◽

pp. 2376-2383 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Anna E. Coghill ◽

Meredith S. Shiels ◽

Gita Suneja ◽

Eric A. Engels

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cox Regression ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

The United States ◽

Cancer Stage ◽

Infected People ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Cancer Specific Mortality

Purpose Despite advances in the treatment of HIV, HIV-infected people remain at increased risk for many cancers, and the number of non–AIDS-defining cancers is increasing with the aging of the HIV-infected population. No prior study has comprehensively evaluated the effect of HIV on cancer-specific mortality. Patients and Methods We identified cases of 14 common cancers occurring from 1996 to 2010 in six US states participating in a linkage of cancer and HIV/AIDS registries. We used Cox regression to examine the association between patient HIV status and death resulting from the presenting cancer (ascertained from death certificates), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year of cancer diagnosis, and cancer stage. We included 1,816,461 patients with cancer, 6,459 (0.36%) of whom were HIV infected. Results Cancer-specific mortality was significantly elevated in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected patients for many cancers: colorectum (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.84), pancreas (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.18), larynx (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.47), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.39), melanoma (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.70), breast (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.31), and prostate (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.41). HIV was not associated with increased cancer-specific mortality for anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After further adjustment for cancer treatment, HIV remained associated with elevated cancer-specific mortality for common non–AIDS-defining cancers: colorectum (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.80), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.44), melanoma (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.27), and breast (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.86 to 3.73). Conclusion HIV-infected patients with cancer experienced higher cancer-specific mortality than HIV-uninfected patients, independent of cancer stage or receipt of cancer treatment. The elevation in cancer-specific mortality among HIV-infected patients may be attributable to unmeasured stage or treatment differences as well as a direct relationship between immunosuppression and tumor progression.

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