scholarly journals Identifying Energy Extraction Optimisation Strategies of Actinobacillus succinogenes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Waldo Gideon Lexow ◽  
Sekgetho Charles Mokwatlo ◽  
Hendrik Gideon Brink ◽  
Willie Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Actinobacillus Succinogenes ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Flux Variation ◽  
External Concentration ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Energy Optimisation

A. succinogenes is well known for utilising various catabolic pathways. A multitude of batch fermentation studies confirm flux shifts in the catabolism as time proceeds. It has also been shown that continuous cultures exhibit flux variation as a function of dilution rate. This indicates a direct influence of the external environment on the proteome of the organism. In this work, ATP production efficiency was explored to evaluate the extent of bio-available energy on the production behaviour of A. succinogenes. It was found that the microbe successively utilised its most-to-least efficient energy extraction pathways, providing evidence of an energy optimisation survival strategy. Moreover, data from this study suggest a pyruvate overflow mechanism as a means to throttle acetic and formic acid production, indicating a scenario in which the external concentration of these acids play a role in the energy extraction capabilities of the organism. Data also indicates a fleeting regime where A. succinogenes utilises an oxidised environment to its advantage for ATP production. Here it is postulated that the energy gain and excretion cost of catabolites coupled to the changing environment is a likely mechanism responsible for the proteome alteration and its ensuing carbon flux variation. This offers valuable insights into the microbe’s metabolic logic gates, providing a foundation to understand how to exploit the system.

scholarly journals Analysis of ATP Production Efficiency of Beat-To-Beat Calcium Fluctuations in Cardiac Mitochondria

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 109a
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Shukla ◽  
W. Jonathan Lederer ◽  
M. Saleet Jafri
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cardiac Mitochondria ◽  
Atp Production

scholarly journals SGK1 Signaling Promotes Glucose Metabolism and Survival in Extracellular Matrix Detached Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Mason ◽  
Jordan A. Cockfield ◽  
Daniel J. Pape ◽  
Hannah Meissner ◽  
Michael Sokolowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Atp Generation ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

SummaryLoss of integrin-mediated attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins can trigger a variety of cellular changes that impact cell viability. Foremost among these is the activation of anoikis, caspase-mediated cell death induced by ECM-detachment. In addition to anoikis, loss of ECM-attachment causes profound alterations in cellular metabolism that can lead to anoikis-independent cell death. Here, we describe a surprising role for serum and glucocorticoid kinase-1 (SGK1) in the promotion of energy production when cells are detached. Our data demonstrate that SGK1 activation is necessary and sufficient for ATP generation during ECM-detachment and anchorage-independent growth. More specifically, SGK1 promotes a substantial elevation in glucose uptake due to elevated GLUT1 transcription. In addition, carbon flux into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is necessary to accommodate elevated glucose uptake and PPP-mediated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is necessary for ATP production. Thus, our data unmask SGK1 as master regulator of glucose metabolism and cell survival during ECM-detached conditions.

scholarly journals Energy benchmarking of South Australian WWTPs

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2059-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krampe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Energy Benchmarking ◽  
Energy Optimisation

Optimising the energy consumption and energy generation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a topic with increasing importance for water utilities in times of rising energy costs and pressures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Assessing the energy efficiency and energy optimisation of a WWTP are difficult tasks as most plants vary greatly in size, process layout and other influencing factors. To overcome these limits it is necessary to compare energy efficiency with a statistically relevant base to identify shortfalls and optimisation potential. Such energy benchmarks have been successfully developed and used in central Europe over the last two decades. This paper demonstrates how the latest available energy benchmarks from Germany have been applied to 24 WWTPs in South Australia. It shows how energy benchmarking can be used to identify shortfalls in current performance, prioritise detailed energy assessments and help inform decisions on capital investment.

An improvement in the calculation of the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and rate of energy dissipation in mitochondria

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohazabeh Ghafuri ◽  
Bahareh Golfar ◽  
Mohsen Nosrati ◽  
Saman Hoseinkhani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Atp Production

AbstractThe process of ATP production is one of the most vital processes in living cells which happens with a high efficiency. Thermodynamic evaluation of this process and the factors involved in oxidative phosphorylation can provide a valuable guide for increasing the energy production efficiency in research and industry. Although energy transduction has been studied qualitatively in several researches, there are only few brief reviews based on mathematical models on this subject. In our previous work, we suggested a mathematical model for ATP production based on non-equilibrium thermodynamic principles. In the present study, based on the new discoveries on the respiratory chain of animal mitochondria, Golfar's model has been used to generate improved results for the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and the rate of energy loss. The results calculated from the modified coefficients for the proton pumps of the respiratory chain enzymes are closer to the experimental results and validate the model.

scholarly journals Cancer cachexia is associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacities without alteration of ATP production efficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cloé M. Julienne ◽  
Jean-François Dumas ◽  
Caroline Goupille ◽  
Michelle Pinault ◽  
Cécile Berri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Atp Production

scholarly journals Prenatal acoustic programming of mitochondrial function for high temperatures in an arid-adapted bird

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1964) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Udino ◽  
Julia M. George ◽  
Matthew McKenzie ◽  
Anaïs Pessato ◽  
Ondi L. Crino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Mitochondrial Efficiency ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Acoustic Sensitivity

Sound is an essential source of information in many taxa and can notably be used by embryos to programme their phenotypes for postnatal environments. While underlying mechanisms are mostly unknown, there is growing evidence for the involvement of mitochondria—main source of cellular energy (i.e. ATP)—in developmental programming processes. Here, we tested whether prenatal sound programmes mitochondrial metabolism. In the arid-adapted zebra finch, prenatal exposure to ‘heat-calls’—produced by parents incubating at high temperatures—adaptively alters nestling growth in the heat. We measured red blood cell mitochondrial function, in nestlings exposed prenatally to heat- or control-calls, and reared in contrasting thermal environments. Exposure to high temperatures always reduced mitochondrial ATP production efficiency. However, as expected to reduce heat production, prenatal exposure to heat-calls improved mitochondrial efficiency under mild heat conditions. In addition, when exposed to an acute heat-challenge, LEAK respiration was higher in heat-call nestlings, and mitochondrial efficiency low across temperatures. Consistent with its role in reducing oxidative damage, LEAK under extreme heat was also higher in fast growing nestlings. Our study therefore provides the first demonstration of mitochondrial acoustic sensitivity, and brings us closer to understanding the underpinning of acoustic developmental programming and avian strategies for heat adaptation.

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation thermodynamic efficiencies reflect physiological organ roles

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. R1376-R1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Cairns ◽  
James Walther ◽  
Alden H. Harken ◽  
Anirban Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Chain Complex ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Atp Production

Mitochondria cannot maximize energy production, efficiency, and the cellular ATP phosphorylation potential all at the same time. The theoretical and observed determinations of coupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from rat liver, heart, and brain were compared using classical and nonequilibrium thermodynamic measures. Additionally, the optimal thermodynamic efficiency and flow ratios were determined for control of the two energy-converting complexes of the respiratory chain: complex I (NADH), which reflects the integrated cellular pathway, and complex II (FADH2), the predominantly tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway. For all three organs, the cellular respiratory pathway was more tightly coupled than the TCA pathway and resulted in a greater optimal efficiency. Liver mitochondria are the most thermodynamically efficient at ATP production using oxidative phosphorylation. Heart and brain mitochondrial systems utilize more oxygen, but can produce ATP at a faster rate than liver systems. Per the theory of economic degrees of coupling, isolated rat liver mitochondrial systems are designed for the economic production of ATP for use in cellular processes. In the brain, the mitochondrial TCA cycle pathway promotes the maximal maintenance of the cellular energy state for cellular viability, whereas in the heart the TCA cycle pathway maximizes the production of ATP. The coupling of oxidative phosphorylation not only can be expected to change with substrate availability but may also reflect an ontogenetic response of mitochondria to fit specific organ roles in the rat.

The Oral Intake of Organic Germanium, Ge-132, Elevates α-Tocopherol Levels in the Plas-ma and Modulates Hepatic Gene Expression Profiles to Promote Immune Activation in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0183-0195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Tomoya Takeda ◽  
Yoshihiko Tokuji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Transfer Protein

The common water-soluble organic germanium compound poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl) germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) exhibits activities related to immune responses and antioxidant induction. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative effect of dietary Ge-132 in the plasma of mice. Male ICR mice (seven mice per group) received an AIN-76 diet with 0.05 % Ge-132; three groups received the Ge-132-containing diet for 0, 1 or 4 days. The plasma alpha-tocopherol (α-tocopherol) concentration increased from 6.85 to 9.60 μg/ml after 4 days of Ge-132 intake (p < 0.05). We evaluated the changes in hepatic gene expression related to antioxidative activity as well as in the entire expression profile after one day of Ge-132 intake, using DNA microarray technology. We identified 1,220 genes with altered expression levels greater than 1.5-fold (increased or decreased) as a result of Ge-132 intake, and α-tocopherol transfer protein (Ttpa) gene expression was increased 1.62-fold. Immune activation was identified as the category with the most changes (containing 60 Gene Ontology (GO) term biological processes (BPs), 41 genes) via functional clustering analysis of altered gene expression. Ge-132 affected genes in clusters related to ATP production (22 GO term BPs, 21 genes), lipid metabolism (4 GO term BPs, 38 genes) and apoptosis (5 GO term BPs). Many GO term BPs containing these categories were significantly affected by the Ge-132 intake. Oral Ge-132 intake may therefore have increased plasma α-tocopherol levels by up-regulating α-tocopherol transfer protein (Ttpa) gene expression.

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