Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt Pathway, Growth-Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development

The use of stem cells has been reported to improve hair regrowth in several therapeutic strategies, including reversing the pathological mechanisms, that contribute to hair loss, regeneration of hair follicles, or creating hair using the tissue-engineering approach. Although various promising stem cell approaches are progressing via pre-clinical models to clinical trials, intraoperative stem cell treatments with a one-step procedure offer a quicker result by incorporating an autologous cell source without manipulation, which may be injected by surgeons through a well-established clinical practice. Many authors have concentrated on adipose-derived stromal vascular cells due to their ability to separate into numerous cell genealogies, platelet-rich plasma for its ability to enhance cell multiplication and neo-angiogenesis, as well as human follicle mesenchymal stem cells. In this paper, the significant improvements in intraoperative stem cell approaches, from in vivo models to clinical investigations, are reviewed. The potential regenerative instruments and functions of various cell populaces in the hair regrowth process are discussed. The addition of Wnt signaling in dermal papilla cells is considered a key factor in stimulating hair growth. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived signaling and growth factors obtained by platelets influence hair growth through cellular proliferation to prolong the anagen phase (FGF-7), induce cell growth (ERK activation), stimulate hair follicle development (β-catenin), and suppress apoptotic cues (Bcl-2 release and Akt activation).

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Biocompatible succinic acid-based polyesters for potential biomedical applications: fungal biofilm inhibition and mesenchymal stem cell growth

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra15858c ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (104) ◽

pp. 85756-85766 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. Jäger ◽

R. K. Donato ◽

M. Perchacz ◽

A. Jäger ◽

F. Surman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Intrinsic Properties ◽

Biofilm Inhibition

Poly(alkene succinates) are promising materials for specialized medical devices and tissue engineering, presenting intrinsic properties, such as; fungal biofilm inhibition, biocompatibility and stem cells controlled growth promotion.

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The Potential of a Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium for Wound Healing and Hair Follicle Regeneration

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10082646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 2646

Author(s):

Keng-Liang Ou ◽

Yun-Wen Kuo ◽

Chia-Yu Wu ◽

Bai-Hung Huang ◽

Fang-Tzu Pai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Conditioned Medium ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Hair Regeneration ◽

Hacat Keratinocyte ◽

Cell Conditioned Medium

The study elucidated the wound healing and hair regeneration properties of a conditioned medium prepared from the culture of human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HFMSCs). The wound-healing effects of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) were tested in vitro using scratch assays co-cultured with HaCaT keratinocyte and monitored through optical microscopy. The cell proliferation of HFMSCs and the HaCaT keratinocyte were observed in the presence of different kinds of drugs including UK5099, sodium L-lactate, lactate dehydrogenase-A, MSC-CM, caffeine, and caffeic acid. The hair regeneration properties were investigated in vivo by administrating the MSC-CM solutions to adult B6 mouse models. For quantification, hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed following euthanasia. In vitro results revealed that MSC-CM promotes dermal cell migrations and enhances proliferation of HFMSCs and HaCaT keratinocytes, demonstrating wound-healing properties. Moreover, when the MSC-CM solutions were applied to the shaved mouse skin, a dark area that expanded overtime was seen. Although no hair growth was found, histological analysis proved that a fat layer thickness increment was found under the mouse’s skin, ultimately projecting the formation of new hair growth. MSC-CM promotes the migration and proliferation of dermal keratinocytes that are beneficial for wound healing and hair growth. It is believed that MSC-CM can potentially serve as the basis of alternative therapeutic applications for wound closure and skin regeneration as well as hair growth stimulation and hair loss prevention in alopecia.

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Neural Crest Stem Cell-specific Deletion of the Pygopus2 Gene Modulates Hair Follicle Development

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports ◽

10.1007/s12015-013-9466-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alla Narytnyk ◽

Kevin Gillinder ◽

Bernard Verdon ◽

Oliver Clewes ◽

Maya Sieber-Blum

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Follicle Development ◽

Neural Crest Stem Cell ◽

Hair Follicle Development ◽

Specific Deletion

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NANOG Attenuates Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence by Upregulating PBX1 and Activating AKT Signaling

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/4286213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Feilin Liu ◽

Jiahong Shi ◽

Yingyao Zhang ◽

Aobo Lian ◽

Xing Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Rna Interference ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Akt Signaling ◽

Akt Inhibitor ◽

Nanog Expression ◽

Phosphorylated Akt

Stem cells derived from elderly donors or harvested by repeated subculture exhibit a marked decrease in proliferative capacity and multipotency, which not only compromises their therapeutic potential but also raises safety concerns for regenerative medicine. NANOG—a well-known core transcription factor—plays an important role in maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells. Unfortunately, the mechanism that NANOG delays mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) senescence is not well-known until now. In our study, we showed that both ectopic NANOG expression and PBX1 overexpression (i) significantly upregulated phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and PARP1; (ii) promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and osteogenesis; (iii) reduced the number of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase- (SA-β-gal-) positive cells; and (iv) downregulated the expression of p16, p53, and p21. Western blotting and dual-luciferase activity assays showed that ectopic NANOG expression significantly upregulated PBX1 expression and increased PBX1 promoter activity. In contrast, PBX1 knockdown by RNA interference in hair follicle- (HF-) derived MSCs that were ectopically expressing NANOG resulted in the significant downregulation of p-AKT and the upregulation of p16 and p21. Moreover, blocking AKT with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or knocking down AKT via RNA interference significantly decreased PBX1 expression, while increasing p16 and p21 expression and the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells. In conclusion, our findings show that NANOG delays HF-MSC senescence by upregulating PBX1 and activating AKT signaling and that a feedback loop likely exists between PBX1 and AKT signaling.

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