scholarly journals Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Yanchun Zhu ◽  
Xiao Zou ◽  
Fengfeng Li ◽  
Jialiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Root Meristem Cell ◽  
N Deficiency

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings grown under nitrogen (N) deficiency conditions show a foraging response characterized by increased root length. However, the mechanism underlying this developmental plasticity is still poorly understood. In this study, the mechanism by which N deficiency influences rice seminal root growth was investigated. The results demonstrated that compared with the control (1 mM N) treatment, N deficiency treatments strongly promoted seminal root growth. However, the N deficiency-induced growth was negated by the application of zeatin, which is a type of cytokinin (CK). Moreover, the promotion of rice seminal root growth was correlated with a decrease in CK content, which was due to the N deficiency-mediated inhibition of CK biosynthesis through the down-regulation of CK biosynthesis genes and an enhancement of CK degradation through the up-regulation of CK degradation genes. In addition, the N deficiency-induced decrease in CK content not only enhanced the root meristem cell proliferation rate by increasing the meristem cell number via the down-regulation of OsIAA3 and up-regulation of root-expressed OsPLTs, but also promoted root cell elongation by up-regulating cell elongation-related genes, including root-specific OsXTHs and OsEXPs. Taken together, our data suggest that an N deficiency-induced decrease in CK content promotes the seminal root growth of rice seedlings by promoting root meristem cell proliferation and cell elongation.

scholarly journals Supraoptimal Brassinosteroid Levels Inhibit Root Growth by Reducing Root Meristem and Cell Elongation in Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Kewalee Jantapo ◽  
Watcharapong Wimonchaijit ◽  
Wenfei Wang ◽  
Juthamas Chaiwanon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Meristem Size ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
N Deficiency

Root growth depends on cell proliferation and cell elongation at the root meristem, which are controlled by plant hormones and nutrient availability. As a foraging strategy, rice (Oryza sativa L.) grows longer roots when nitrogen (N) is scarce. However, how the plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid (BR) regulates rice root meristem development and responses to N deficiency remains unclear. Here, we show that BR has a negative effect on meristem size and a dose-dependent effect on cell elongation in roots of rice seedlings treated with exogenous BR (24-epicastasterone, ECS) and the BR biosynthesis inhibitor propiconazole (PPZ). A genome-wide transcriptome analysis identified 4110 and 3076 differentially expressed genes in response to ECS and PPZ treatments, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) analysis shows that terms related to cell proliferation and cell elongation were enriched among the ECS-repressed genes. Furthermore, microscopic analysis of ECS- and PPZ-treated roots grown under N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions demonstrates that exogenous BR or PPZ application could not enhance N deficiency-mediated root elongation promotion as the treatments could not promote root meristem size and cell elongation simultaneously. Our study demonstrates that optimal levels of BR in the rice root meristem are crucial for optimal root growth and the foraging response to N deficiency.

scholarly journals Supraoptimal Cytokinin Content Inhibits Rice Seminal Root Growth by Reducing Root Meristem Size and Cell Length via Increased Ethylene Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zou ◽  
Junwei Shao ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Peisai Chen ◽  
Yanchun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Meristem Size ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethylene Level

Cytokinins (CKs), a class of phytohormone, regulate root growth in a dose-dependent manner. A certain threshold content of CK is required for rapid root growth, but supraoptimal CK content inhibits root growth, and the mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear in rice. In this study, treatments of lovastatin (an inhibitor of CK biosynthesis) and kinetin (KT; a synthetic CK) were found to inhibit rice seminal root growth in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that endogenous CK content is optimal for rapid growth of the seminal root in rice. KT treatment strongly increased ethylene level by upregulating the transcription of ethylene biosynthesis genes. Ethylene produced in response to exogenous KT inhibited rice seminal root growth by reducing meristem size via upregulation of OsIAA3 transcription and reduced cell length by downregulating transcription of cell elongation-related genes. Moreover, the effects of KT treatment on rice seminal root growth, root meristem size and cell length were rescued by treatment with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis), which restored ethylene level and transcription levels of OsIAA3 and cell elongation-related genes. Supraoptimal CK content increases ethylene level by promoting ethylene biosynthesis, which in turn inhibits rice seminal root growth by reducing root meristem size and cell length.

scholarly journals An AGAMOUS-Related MADS-Box Gene, XAL1 (AGL12), Regulates Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Flowering Transition in Arabidopsis

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1182-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalinda Tapia-López ◽  
Berenice García-Ponce ◽  
Joseph G. Dubrovsky ◽  
Adriana Garay-Arroyo ◽  
Rigoberto V. Pérez-Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Root Meristem Cell ◽  
Mads Box Gene

scholarly journals Plant-Specific Histone Deacetylases HDT1/2 Regulate GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE2 Expression to Control Arabidopsis Root Meristem Cell Number

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 2183-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huchen Li ◽  
Jesus Torres-Garcia ◽  
David Latrasse ◽  
Moussa Benhamed ◽  
Stefan Schilderink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Root Meristem Cell

Role of 4-O Galloylchlorogenic Acid in Lung Cancer- An Insilico Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaynthy C. ◽  
N. Premjanu ◽  
Abhinav Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Discovery Studio

Cancer is a major disease with millions of patients diagnosed each year with high mortality around the world. Various studies are still going on to study the further mechanisms and pathways of the cancer cell proliferation. Fucosylation is one of the most important oligosaccharide modifications involved in cancer and inflammation. In cancer development increased core fucosylation by FUT8 play an important role in cell proliferation. Down regulation of FUT8 expression may help cure lung cancer. Therefore the computational study based on the down regulation mechanism of FUT8 was mechanised. Sapota fruit extract, containing 4-Ogalloylchlorogenic acid was used as the inhibitor against FUT-8 as target and docking was performed using in-silico tool, Accelrys Discovery Studio. There were several conformations of the docked result, and conformation 1 showed 80% dock score between the ligand and the target. Further the amino acids of the inhibitor involved in docking were studied using another tool, Ligplot. Thus, in-silico analysis based on drug designing parameters shows that the fruit extract can be studied further using in-vitro techniques to know its pharmacokinetics.

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