scholarly journals Significance of Simple Steatosis: An Update on the Clinical and Molecular Evidence

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2458
Author(s):  
Guillermo Mazzolini ◽  
Jan-Peter Sowa ◽  
Catalina Atorrasagasti ◽  
Özlem Kücükoglu ◽  
Wing-Kin Syn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Simple Steatosis ◽  
Increased Risk

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined clinicopathologically by the accumulation of lipids in >5% of hepatocytes and the exclusion of secondary causes of fat accumulation. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of liver damage, extending from simple steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)—the latter is characterized by inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, in addition to the steatosis, with or without fibrosis. NAFLD is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries and affects around one quarter of the general population. It is a multisystem disorder, which is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as liver- and cardiovascular-related mortality. Although earlier studies had suggested that NAFL is benign (i.e., non-progressive), cumulative evidence challenges this dogma, and recent data suggest that nearly 25% of those with NAFL may develop fibrosis. Importantly, NAFLD patients are more susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol, drugs, and other insults to the liver. This is likely due to the functional impairment of steatotic hepatocytes, which is virtually undetectable by current clinical tests. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the clinical significance of NAFL and discusses the molecular basis for NAFL development and progression.

scholarly journals Connection Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Oprea-Călin ◽  
Petru Aurel Babeș ◽  
Dan Valentin Andronescu ◽  
Crăița-Isabela Andronescu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest liver condition in the world, accounting for 20-30% of the adult population, and encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by fat accumulation within the liver, associated or not with varying degrees of hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis through to cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD increases significantly in the presence of obesity (60-80%) and type 2 diabetes (60%). NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders (type 2 diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia) grouped together as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is now regarded as the hepatic manifestation of this syndrome and is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR).The presence of NAFLD predicts the development of type 2 diabetes independent of established risk factors. NAFLD patients should therefore be screened for diabetes, including by the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) if there any abnormalities of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and given appropriate lifestyle advice. Early diagnosis with the institution of lifestyle measures could help prevent or retard the onset of these metabolic disorders. Type 2 diabetes causes more severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and patients with diabetes have an increased risk for cirrhosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

scholarly journals Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A dangerous duo.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Zainab Zaib ◽  
Sabir Khan Khattak ◽  
Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Ayesha Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: To determine the frequency of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. Period: August 2018 to Feb 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 153 patients, who were diagnosed case of diabetes were studied for the presence of NAFLD. Ultrasound abdomen was used to detect NAFLD. Data was recorded on a pro forma and analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Results: Out of 153 patients, there were 73 males (45.8%) whiles 83 females (54.2%). Patients were aged 30 – 80 years with mean ± SD as 54.60± 11.277 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 7.18±6.95 years. In our study 54.9 % (84) of the patients were having fatty liver on U/S scan, 35.3% have abnormal lipid profile and 35.3 % (54) were hypertensive, out of which 59.3% (32) were having fatty liver on scan with P value of 0.424. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes patients have increased risk of development of NAFLD, prevalence being 54.9%. Post-menopausal females and those with dyslipidemia have more risk of developing of NAFLD among diabetics.

Preperitoneal fat as a non-invasive marker of increased risk of severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Braz Parente ◽  
Jaime Araújo Oliveira Neto ◽  
Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano Brasil ◽  
Fernando Fernandes Paiva ◽  
José Pedro Rodrigues Ravani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Asian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Wong ◽  
Clyve Yu Leon Yaow ◽  
Cheng Han Ng ◽  
Yip Han Chin ◽  
Yi Fen Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very common disorder among patients with type 2 diabetes and may share causal relationship. Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for progression and potential poor outcomes in NAFLD patients. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the current evidence of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a glucose-lowering drug to improve NAFLD in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.MethodsMedline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles examining efficacy of SGLT2i on treatments of NAFLD in type 2 diabetes in July 2020, and articles were sieved. Continuous data were extracted in the form of mean and standard deviation and were pooled with standardized mean difference (SMD).Results10 articles involving 555 patients from seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three cohort studies, were included in this meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed significant improvements in hepatic fat content (after treatment: -0.789 (-1.404 to -0.175), p = 0.012; compared with control: -0.923 (-1.562 to -0.285), p = 0.005), AST (After Treatment: -0.539 (-0.720 to -0.357), p < 0.001; compared with control: -0.421 (-0.680 to -0.161), p = 0.001), ALT (after treatment: -0.633 (-0.892 to -0.373), p < 0.001; compared with Control: -0.468 (-0.685 to -0.251), p < 0.001), body composition (BMI: after treatment: -0.225 (-0.456 to 0.005), p = 0.055; compared with Control: -1.092 (-2.032 to -0.153), p = 0.023), glycemic control (HbA1c: After Treatment: -0.701 (-1.098 to -0.303), p = 0.001; compared with control: -0.210 (-0.603 to 0.183), p = 0.295), lipid parameters (Triglycerides: after treatment: -0.230 (-0.409 to -0.052), p = 0.011; compared with control: -0.336 (-0.597 to -0.076), p = 0.011), inflammatory markers (serum ferritin: after treatment: -0.409 (-0.694 to -0.124), p = 0.005; compared with control: -0.814 (-1.688 to 0.059), p = 0.068) after SGLT2i treatment, and when compared against controls. There was a trend in the improvement in fibrosis markers after SGLT2i treatment.ConclusionsSGLT2i is an effective treatment to improve NAFLD among patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to understand the direct and indirect effects of SGLT2i on NAFLD and if SGLT2i could prevent the progression of NAFLD or NASH. SGLT2i could potentially be considered for patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD, if there are no contraindications.

scholarly journals Immunity as Cornerstone of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Contribution of Oxidative Stress in the Disease Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Marcello Dallio ◽  
Moris Sangineto ◽  
Mario Romeo ◽  
Rosanna Villani ◽  
Antonino Davide Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Simple Steatosis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become the major cause of chronic liver disease, especially in western countries. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic histological alterations, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis with a potential development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by lobular inflammation and fibrosis. Several studies reported that insulin resistance, redox unbalance, inflammation, and lipid metabolism dysregulation are involved in NAFLD progression. However, the mechanisms beyond the evolution of simple steatosis to NASH are not clearly understood yet. Recent findings suggest that different oxidized products, such as lipids, cholesterol, aldehydes and other macromolecules could drive the inflammation onset. On the other hand, new evidence indicates innate and adaptive immunity activation as the driving force in establishing liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we discuss how immunity, triggered by oxidative products and promoting in turn oxidative stress in a vicious cycle, fuels NAFLD progression. Furthermore, we explored the emerging importance of immune cell metabolism in determining inflammation, describing the potential application of trained immune discoveries in the NASH pathological context.

Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elgebaly ◽  
Ibrahim A. I. Radwan ◽  
Mohamed M. AboElnas ◽  
Hamza H. Ibrahim ◽  
Moutaz F. M. Eltoomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Resveratrol is a potential treatment option for management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and calorie restriction-like effects. We aimed to synthesise evidence from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD.Methods: A computer literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central was conducted using relevant keywords. Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager Version 5.3 for windows. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted.Results: Four RCTs (n=158 patients) were included in the final analysis. The overall effect estimates did not favor resveratrol group in terms of: serum ALT (MD -2.89, 95%CI [-15.66, 9.88], p=0.66), serum AST (MD -3.59, 95%CI [-13.82, 6.63], p=0.49), weight (MD -0.18, 95%CI [-0.92, 0.55], p=0.63), BMI (MD -0.10, 95 %CI [-0.43, 0.24], p=0.57), blood glucose level (MD -0.27, 95%CI [-0.55, 0.01], p=0.05), insulin level (MD -0.12, 95%CI [-0.69, 0.46], p=0.69), triglyceride level (MD 0.04, 95%CI [-0.45, 0.53], p=0.87), and LDL level (MD 0.21, 95%CI [-0.41, 0.83], p=0.51). Pooled studies were heterogeneous.Conclusion: Current evidence is insufficient to support the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD. Resveratrol does not attenuate the degree of liver fibrosis or show a significant decrease in any of its parameters.Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CK-18: Cytokeratin-18; CRP: C-reactive protein; HC: Head circumference; HDL: High density lipoprotein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; MD: Mean difference; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; RR: Relative risk; SIRT1: Silent information regulation 2 homologue 1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist hip ratio.

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