scholarly journals Electrodes for Paracetamol Sensing Modified with Bismuth Oxide and Oxynitrate Heterostructures: An Experimental and Computational Study

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Filippo Franceschini ◽  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Alberto Tagliaferro ◽  
Sandro Carrara
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Synthesis Route ◽  
Peak Separation

In this work, novel platforms for paracetamol sensing were developed by the deposition of Bi2O3, Bi5O7NO3 and their heterostructures onto screen-printed carbon-paste electrodes. An easy and scalable solid state synthesis route was employed, and by setting the calcination temperatures at 500 °C and 525 °C we induced the formation of heterostructures of Bi2O3 and Bi5O7NO3. Cyclic voltammetry measurements highlighted that the heterostructure produced at 500 °C provided a significant enhancement in performance compared to the monophases of Bi2O and Bi5O7NO3, respectively. That heterostructure showed a mean peak-to-peak separation Ep of 411 mV and a sensitivity increment of up to 70% compared to bare electrodes. A computational study was also performed in order to evaluate the geometrical and kinetic parameters of representative clusters of bismuth oxide and subnitrate when they interact with paracetamol.

scholarly journals Electrical and Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Ionic Liquids Based in N-Octylpyridinium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)Imide. A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Báez ◽  
Navarro ◽  
Fuenzalida ◽  
Aguirre ◽  
Arévalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Lower Porosity

In this work, we studied carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) with two kinds of binders: mineral oil or ionic liquids (IL) derived from N-substituted octyl pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with the substituents H-, CH3-, CN- and CF3-. The work aims to study this series of IL and determine a possible effect of the substituent of the cation in the behavior of the IL as a binder of graphite for obtaining IL-CPEs. The electrochemical response and the electrical behavior were measured by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Surprisingly, the substituent does not affect the cyclic voltammetry response because in all the cases, high resistance and high capacitive currents were obtained. The best response in terms of conductivity is obtained by CPE. In the case of impedance measurements, the substituent does not cause differences, and in all the cases, the IL-CPEs show nearly the same responses. CPE shows lower capacitance and higher resistance for diffusion compared to the IL-CPEs due to his lower porosity. The high resistance showed by the IL-CPEs by cyclic voltammetry can be attributed to poorly intermolecular forces among graphite, water, electrolyte, and ILs as demonstrated by theoretical calculations.

All-Solid-State, PVC Membrane, and Carbon Paste Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determination of Donepezil Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414-1419
Author(s):  
Nesreen Khamees ◽  
Tagreed Abdel-Fattah Mohamed ◽  
Abeer Rashad Derar ◽  
Azza Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Pvc Membrane ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Donepezil Hydrochloride

Abstract All-solid-state, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane, and carbon paste potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were proposed for the determination of donepezil hydrochloride (DON) in the drug substance and a pharmaceutical formulation. The potentiometric response toward DON was based on the existence ofdonepezil-tetraphenyl borate (DON-TPB) in a PVC membrane or a carbon paste in the presence of dioctylphthalate. In contrast, the solid-state electrode was prepared by direct incorporation of DON-TPB into a commercial nail varnish without external additives. The electrodes exhibited Nernstian slopes of 55.0, 57.0, and 53.0 mV/decade over the concentration ranges of 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−3, 1 × 10−4 to 10−2, and 1 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−3 for the solid-state, PVC membrane, and carbon paste electrodes, respectively. The response of the electrodes is independent of pH in the range of 2–≤8. The electrodes showed good selectivity for DON with respect to a number of inorganic cations and amino acids. The electrodes were used for the determination of DON in pure solution and in pharmaceutical tablets with high accuracy (±2%) and precision (RSD ≤2%). The solid-state electrode is simple, economical, and rapid when compared to the PVC membrane and carbon paste electrodes.

scholarly journals Nutshells as modifiers of carbon paste electrodes used in detecting chloroorganic water pollutants

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-381
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skrzypczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Kuśmierek ◽  
Andrzej Świątkowski ◽  
Lidia Dąbek ◽  
Ilona Piros
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Hazelnut Shells ◽  
Paste Electrode ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Electrochemical properties of a carbon paste electrode (graphite) modified with hazelnut and walnut shells were investigated. The adsorption of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) on the studied materials was determined, and the hazelnut shells were found to provide a higher adsorption capacity. The hazelnut and walnut shells were used to modify the carbon paste electrode to detect 4-CP by cyclic voltammetry. Compared to an unmodified electrode, all of the new paste electrodes showed much higher sensitivity in the 4-CP detection.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Bismuth Electrodes for Non-Enzymatic Paracetamol Sensing: Development, Testing, and Computational Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun Madagalam ◽  
Federica Catania ◽  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Alberto Tagliaferro ◽  
Sandro Carrara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Electron Transfer Process ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Bismuth Electrodes ◽  
Screen Printed

In this work, new Screen Printed Carbon-paste Electrodes (SPCEs) were developed through deposition of nanostructures of HO–BiONO3 synthesized with or without surfactant additions. We performed a cyclic voltammetry study showing the improvement in performance of bismuth tailored electrodes for paracetamol sensing compared with bare SPCE. A computation study was also performed for investigating the interaction between paracetamol and bismuth species during the electron transfer process enlighten the preferential sites of interaction on the surface of modified SPEs.

scholarly journals Voltammetric Determination of Various Food Azo Dyes Using Different Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4557-4566
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Living System ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Coloring Agents ◽  
Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

The food industries are developing very fast by improving the taste, odor, appearance of various food products. To do so, they are adding a variety of preservatives, sweeteners, and coloring agents and attracting a huge community of people. Dyes or coloring agents play an important role in enriching food's appearance, quality, and taste. Most used food coloring agents are synthetic azo dyes. They are cheaper than natural dyes, therefore, they are used in huge amounts very frequently. Most of the azo dyes like Amaranth, Tartrazine, Allura Red AC, and Metanil Yellow can cause serious health issues for all the living system, and therefore the use of them in food should be controlled, or the optimum level of these dyes in food and beverages should be measured. Many methods like thin layer chromatography, mass spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, cyclic voltammetry, high-performance liquid chromatography are used to detect azo dyes in the food. But cyclic voltammetry method is one of the simple, robust, highly selective, accurate, high speed, economical, and highly sensitive methods to determine the presence of azo dyes in foods. The main subject of this review article is the detection of several azo dyes utilizing modified carbon paste electrodes and cyclic voltammetry.

Comparative Study of PVC-Free All-Solid-State, PVC Membrane, and Carbon Paste Ion-Selective Electrodes for the Determination of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza Aziz ◽  
Nesrin Khamees ◽  
Tagreed Abdel-Fattah Mohamed ◽  
Abeer Rashad Derar
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Pvc Membrane ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Nernstian Slope ◽  
Nail Varnish ◽  
Dapoxetine Hydrochloride

Abstract The potentiometric response characteristics and analytical applications of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-free all-solid-state ion-selective electrode for dapoxetine hydrochloride (DAP) are examined. The Nernstian response of the electrode was evaluated by comparison with PVC-based liquid membrane and carbon paste electrodes. The PVC-free electrode is prepared by direct incorporation of dapoxetine-tetraphenyl borate (DAP–TPB) as a sensing element into a commercial nail varnish containing cellulose acetate propionate. The composite was applied onto a 3 mm diameter graphite disk electrode. The electrode exhibited a Nernstian slope of 56.0 mV/decade in the concentration range of 1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−2 mol/L with an LOD of 2 × 10−5 mol/L. The electrode is independent of pH in the range of 2 to 6 and showed good selectivity for DAP with respect to a large number of inorganic cations and amino acids. Comparable Nernstian slope, sensitivity, pH range, and selectivity pattern were obtained with a PVC membrane and a carbon paste incorporating DAP–TPB as a sensing element and dioctylphthalate as a solvent mediator. The electrodes were used for the determination of DAP in pure solution and in tablets without extraction with high accuracy and precision (RSD ≤ 2%). The nail varnish solid-state electrode is simple, economical, and rapid when compared with PVC membrane and carbon paste electrodes.

Experimental Assessment of the Practical Oxidative Stability of Lithium Thiophosphate Solid Electrolytes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Dewald ◽  
Saneyuki Ohno ◽  
Marvin Kraft ◽  
Raimund Koerver ◽  
Paul Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Solid State Batteries

<p>All-solid-state batteries are often expected to replace conventional lithium-ion batteries in the future. However, the practical electrochemical and cycling stability of the best-conducting solid electrolytes, i.e. lithium thiophosphates, are still critical issues that prevent long-term stable high-energy cells. In this study, we use <i>stepwise</i><i>cyclic voltammetry </i>to obtain information on the practical oxidative stability limit of Li<sub>10</sub>GeP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub>, a Li<sub>2</sub>S‑P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub>glass, as well as the argyrodite Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl solid electrolytes. We employ indium metal and carbon black as the counter and working electrode, respectively, the latter to increase the interfacial contact area to the electrolyte as compared to the commonly used planar steel electrodes. Using a stepwise increase in the reversal potentials, the onset potential at 25 °C of oxidative decomposition at the electrode-electrolyte interface is identified. X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to investigate the oxidation of sulfur(-II) in the thiophosphate polyanions to sulfur(0) as the dominant redox process in all electrolytes tested. Our results suggest that after the formation of these decomposition products, significant redox behavior is observed. This explains previously reported redox activity of thiophosphate solid electrolytes, which contributes to the overall cell performance in solid-state batteries. The <i>stepwise cyclic voltammetry</i>approach presented here shows that the practical oxidative stability at 25 °C of thiophosphate solid electrolytes against carbon is kinetically higher than predicted by thermodynamic calculations. The method serves as an efficient guideline for the determination of practical, kinetic stability limits of solid electrolytes. </p>

Experimental Assessment of the Practical Oxidative Stability of Lithium Thiophosphate Solid Electrolytes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Dewald ◽  
Saneyuki Ohno ◽  
Marvin Kraft ◽  
Raimund Koerver ◽  
Paul Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Solid State Batteries

<p>All-solid-state batteries are often expected to replace conventional lithium-ion batteries in the future. However, the practical electrochemical and cycling stability of the best-conducting solid electrolytes, i.e. lithium thiophosphates, are still critical issues that prevent long-term stable high-energy cells. In this study, we use <i>stepwise</i><i>cyclic voltammetry </i>to obtain information on the practical oxidative stability limit of Li<sub>10</sub>GeP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub>, a Li<sub>2</sub>S‑P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub>glass, as well as the argyrodite Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl solid electrolytes. We employ indium metal and carbon black as the counter and working electrode, respectively, the latter to increase the interfacial contact area to the electrolyte as compared to the commonly used planar steel electrodes. Using a stepwise increase in the reversal potentials, the onset potential at 25 °C of oxidative decomposition at the electrode-electrolyte interface is identified. X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to investigate the oxidation of sulfur(-II) in the thiophosphate polyanions to sulfur(0) as the dominant redox process in all electrolytes tested. Our results suggest that after the formation of these decomposition products, significant redox behavior is observed. This explains previously reported redox activity of thiophosphate solid electrolytes, which contributes to the overall cell performance in solid-state batteries. The <i>stepwise cyclic voltammetry</i>approach presented here shows that the practical oxidative stability at 25 °C of thiophosphate solid electrolytes against carbon is kinetically higher than predicted by thermodynamic calculations. The method serves as an efficient guideline for the determination of practical, kinetic stability limits of solid electrolytes. </p>

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dot and Silver Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes on the Potentiometric Determination of Tobramycin Sulfate: A Comparative Study

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nermine V. Fares ◽  
Passant M. Medhat ◽  
Christine M. El Maraghy ◽  
Sherif Okeil ◽  
Miriam F. Ayad
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Loteprednol Etabonate ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nernstian Slope ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽  
Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

Two inexpensive and simple methods for synthesis of carbon nanodots were applied and compared to each other, namely a hydrothermal and microwave-assisted method. The synthesized carbon nanodots were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized microwave carbon nanodots had smaller particle size and were thus chosen for better electrochemical performance. Therefore, they were used for our modification process. The proposed electrodes performance characteristics were evaluated according to the IUPAC guidelines, showing linear response in the concentration range 10−6–10−2, 10−7–10−2, and 10−8–10−2 M of tobramycin with a Nernstian slope of 52.60, 58.34, and 57.32 mV/decade for the bare, silver nanoparticle and carbon nanodots modified carbon paste electrodes, respectively. This developed potentiometric method was used for quantification of tobramycin in its co-formulated dosage form and spiked human plasma with good recovery percentages and without interference of the co-formulated drug loteprednol etabonate and excipients.

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