scholarly journals Multiple Points Change in the Association of Blood Pressure Subtypes with Anthropometric Indices of Adiposity among Children in a Rural Population

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Peter M. Mphekgwana ◽  
Kotsedi D. Monyeki ◽  
Herbert M. Makgopa ◽  
Phuti J. Makgae
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
South African ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Pressures

Background: Hypertension has gained global significance and risk of cardiovascular disease, and adiposity is the most important of the conditions associated with and considered responsible for hypertension in children. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether indices of adiposity independently predicted blood pressure at multiple points in gender-specific groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 10 randomly selected primary schools within the Ellisras Longitudinal Study, and involved 1816 adolescents (876 girls and 940 boys) aged 8 to 17 years. All the anthropometric indices and blood pressures (BP) were examined according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. Results: In an adjusted linear quantile regression analysis of boys, waist circumference (WC) was associated with BP across all multiple points of systolic blood pressure (SBP). Furthermore, the triceps skinfold site was associated with high SBP. In girls, body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with SBP after adjustment for potential confounders. Other anthropometric indices of adiposity, including WC, biceps, and triceps skinfold sites were not associated with SBP. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that in black South African children, variables such as WC and triceps skinfold site may provide stronger explanatory capacity to SBP variance and systolic hypertension risk in boys than other adiposity indices; whereas in girls, only WC and BMI predict diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and SBP, respectively.

Gender comparisons of adolescents’ anthropometry and blood pressure in Osun State, South-Western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Omisore ◽  
Akinlolu G. Omisore ◽  
Emmanuel Akintunde Abioye-Kuteyi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Adolescents are in their formative years, and they experience several changes including anthropometric changes. Significant weight gain occurs in adolescence, and increasingly, obesity and consequent increase in blood pressure (BP) are found in adolescents. Objective: This study compared anthropometric and BP measurements in male and female adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1000 adolescents (510 males and 490 females) were selected by multi-stage sampling from eight secondary schools. Pertinent information was collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version, and the means of anthropometric indices and blood pressures in males and females were compared using independent t-test. Results: The mean age for male respondents was 13.83 years (SD 2.12) and for females 13.62 (SD 1.96). Generally, anthropometric indices gradually increased from the lower ages to the higher ages in both males and females. The mean height was the same for both males and females (1.54 m), while the mean weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were significantly higher in females than in males (p<0.05). A significantly higher proportion of females compared with males were overweight (10.2%, 5.3%) and obese (3.9%, 2.0%), respectively. The overall prevalence of “hypertension,” was 4.1% and more females (70.7%) had “hypertension” than males (29.3%). Conclusion: Females were heavier and constituted the greater proportion of those who had elevated BP. Adequate attention needs to be given to the challenging problems of overweight and obesity to forestall development of hypertension in adolescents, especially female adolescents.

scholarly journals The determinants of overweight/obesity and blood pressure in rural South African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village

10.17159/5066 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
P Gradidge ◽  
Phaswana Merling ◽  
Emmanuel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
South African ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
African Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Women

Background: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether bio-behavioural factors are associated with blood pressure and body composition in rural black South African women. Methods: Data were collected on 200 African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village, Limpopo Province using simple anthropometry, blood pressure, and validated self-reported questionnaires for sleep, physical activity, and sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Results: Six patterns of SSB consumption were determined by principal component analysis. Regression analysis showed that longer sleep duration (?9 hours/night) was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures; whilst principal component 2 (beer, wine, and sweetened tea) was associated with higher body mass index. Conclusions: These findings highlight novel bio-behavioural contributors of blood pressure and body anthropometry in rural African women.

scholarly journals The determinants of overweight/obesity and blood pressure in rural South African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gradidge ◽  
Phaswana Merling ◽  
Emmanuel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
South African ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
African Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Women

Background: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether bio-behavioural factors are associated with blood pressure and body composition in rural black South African women. Methods: Data were collected on 200 African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village, Limpopo Province using simple anthropometry, blood pressure, and validated self-reported questionnaires for sleep, physical activity, and sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Results: Six patterns of SSB consumption were determined by principal component analysis. Regression analysis showed that longer sleep duration (?9 hours/night) was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures; whilst principal component 2 (beer, wine, and sweetened tea) was associated with higher body mass index. Conclusions: These findings highlight novel bio-behavioural contributors of blood pressure and body anthropometry in rural African women.

scholarly journals Concordance between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes in black South African adults: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e046060
Author(s):  
Alisha N Wade ◽  
Nigel J Crowther ◽  
Shafika Abrahams-Gessel ◽  
Lisa Berkman ◽  
Jaya A George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
South African ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
South African Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black South African

ObjectivesWe investigated concordance between haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-defined diabetes and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)-defined diabetes in a black South African population with a high prevalence of obesity.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural South African population-based cohort.Participants765 black individuals aged 40–70 years and with no history of diabetes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was concordance between HbA1c-defined diabetes and FPG-defined diabetes. Secondary outcome measures were differences in anthropometric characteristics, fat distribution and insulin resistance (measured using Homoeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) between those with concordant and discordant HbA1c/FPG classifications and predictors of HbA1c variance.ResultsThe prevalence of HbA1c-defined diabetes was four times the prevalence of FPG-defined diabetes (17.5% vs 4.2%). Classification was discordant in 15.7% of participants, with 111 individuals (14.5%) having HbA1c-only diabetes (kappa 0.23; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.31). Median body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, subcutaneous adipose tissue and HOMA-IR in participants with HbA1c-only diabetes were similar to those in participants who were normoglycaemic by both biomarkers and significantly lower than in participants with diabetes by both biomarkers (p<0.05). HOMA-IR and fat distribution explained additional HbA1c variance beyond glucose and age only in women.ConclusionsConcordance was poor between HbA1c and FPG in diagnosis of diabetes in black South Africans, and participants with HbA1c-only diabetes phenotypically resembled normoglycaemic participants. Further work is necessary to determine which of these parameters better predicts diabetes-related morbidities in this population and whether a population-specific HbA1c threshold is necessary.

The Relationship Between Blood Pressure, Anthropometric Indices and Metabolic Profile in Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setila Dalili ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Mahmood Rezvany ◽  
Arsalan Dadashi ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Novin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Assessment of Anthropometric Indices for Optimal Cut-Offs for Obesity Screening in a South African Adolescent Population

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Godwill Azeh Engwa ◽  
Karin Schmid-Zalaudek ◽  
Chungag Anye ◽  
Boitumelo P. Letswalo ◽  
Paul Chungag Anye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Population

The assessment of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa relies on cut-offs established from western populations. This study assessed anthropometric indices to determine optimal cut-off values for obesity screening in the South African adolescent population. A cross-sectional study involving 1144 (796 females and 348 males) adolescents aged 11–17 years from the Eastern Cape Province of South African was conducted. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of obesity screening tools and establish cut-offs. The optimal cut-offs for obesity in the cohort using waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as reference were: neck circumference (NC) = 30.6 cm, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) = 25.9 cm, waist circumference (WC) = 75.1 cm, hip circumference (HC) = 92.15 cm and body mass index percentile (pBMI) = p85.2th. The new pBMI cut-off value at p85.2th improved the sensitivity of the test by approximately 30% compared to the CDC recommended BMI percentile (pBMIr) of p95.0th. When pBMI was used as reference, the optimal cut-offs in the cohort were: WHtR = 0.481, NC = 30.95 cm, MUAC = 27.95 cm, WC = 76.1 cm and HC = 95.75 cm. The WHtR optimal cut-off of 0.481 was close to the recommended cut-off value of 0.5. The predicted prevalence of obesity obtained using cut-offs from ROC analysis was higher than those from recommended references. All cut-off values for the various anthropometric measures generally increased with age for all percentile ranges. This study reveals a lower pBMI cut-off value, different from the CDC recommended cut-off, for screening obesity in a South African adolescent population. The study has established that the optimal pBMI cut-off for obesity screening may be ethnic-specific.

scholarly journals Comparisons of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and a body shape index (ABSI) in predicting high blood pressure among Malaysian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e032874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Ying Hui Tee ◽  
Wan Ying Gan ◽  
Poh Ying Lim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
A Body Shape Index

ObjectiveTo compare the performance of different anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index to predict high blood pressure (BP) in adolescents using the 90th and 95th percentiles as two different thresholds.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingProbability proportionate to size was used to randomly select two schools in Selangor state, Malaysia.ParticipantsA total of 513 adolescents (58.9% women and 41.1% men) aged 12–16 years were recruited.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWeight, height, WC and BP of the adolescents were measured. The predictive power of anthropometric indices was analysed by sex using the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsBMI and WHtR were the indices with higher areas under the curve (AUCs), yet the optimal cut-offs to predict high BP using the 95th percentile were higher than the threshold for overweight/obesity. Most indices showed poor sensitivity under the suggested cut-offs. In contrast, the optimal BMI and WHtR cut-offs to predict high BP using the 90th percentile were lower (men: BMI-for-age=0.79, WHtR=0.46; women: BMI-for-age=0.92, WHtR=0.45). BMI showed the highest AUC in both sexes but had poor sensitivity among women. WHtR presented good sensitivity and specificity in both sexes.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that WHtR might be a useful indicator for screening high blood pressure risk in the routine primary-level health services for adolescents. Future studies are warranted to involve a larger sample size to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Associations between anthropometric indices, blood pressure and physical fitness performance in young Swiss men: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e018664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspar Staub ◽  
Joël Floris ◽  
Nikola Koepke ◽  
Adrian Trapp ◽  
Andreas Nacht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Pola Pengobatan Insulin dan Ace - Inhibitor pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Hipertensi Terhadap Kontrol Glikemik dan Tekanan Darah

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Chitra Astari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Dm Type 2

This research aimed to analyze the insulin and ACE Inhibitor therapy to patients with DM type 2 with hypertension, and giving a picture about the influence on the blood sugar control and blood pressure using the parameter of  fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and blood pressure. The research was conducted in the  endocrine clinic  of DR. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar,  from 2 May through 12 July, 2016. The research was a Cross-Sectional study with the samples chosen using the evhaustive sampling technique. The types of insulin and antihypertension class ACE inhibitor as revealed by the interviews with the patients. The therapy effects of pre and post interventions were analyzed using the parameter of glycemia, and HbA1C using  the pair sample T-test and blood pressure using Wilcoxon test. The research results indicated that the level of blood sugar after fasting was reduced to 64.08 and the level of HbA1C was reduced to 1.51 with the value of P = 0.000. The parameter of systolic and diastolic blood pressures had equal degradation of 12.56 and 12.32 respectively with value of P = 0.000, meaning P0.05 in statistics.

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