Formulasi sabun mandi cair dari daging putih buah semangka (Citrullus lanatus)

White flesh watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is known to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols. Research conducted by Rimando proves that watermelon rind contains the amino acid citrulline reaching 60% which is important in increasing levels of nitric oxide which is a regulator of blood flow, muscle energy metabolism, and mitochondrial respiration during exercise. This study aims to formulate bath soap from watermelon waste that meets the requirements with variations in the concentration of watermelon flesh extract (3%; 6%; 9%). Watermelon flesh extract was extracted by maceration process using 70% ethanol. Evaluations were carried out in the form of organoleptic, pH, free of alkali, high foam and density. The results showed that the three formulas were formulas that met the requirements according to SNI standards based on pH test, free alkali, foam height, and density.

Skirining fitokimia ekstrak etanol kulit buah sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH

Phytochemical screening research on the ethanol extract of soursop (Annona muricata Linn) peel and antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. The purpose of this study was to determine several classes of compounds found in soursop rind and to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soursop rind against DPPH free radicals. The results showed ethanol extract of positive soursop fruit skin containing flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. of soursop fruit skin extract was carried out by DPPH method results obtained IC50 value of 192.13 µg / mL ± 5.198137 which was categorized as weak.

Correlation of low body mass index and albumin level with the presence of liver dysfunction in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients

Tuberculosis (TB) patients often experience reduced appetite or nutritional malabsorption leading to malnutrition, which manifests in excessive loss of muscle mass and low body mass index (BMI). Patients with protein malnutrition is associated with increased risk of drug-induced liver injury and may require a close monitoring during the course of antituberculosis (AT) treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of low body mass index and albumin level with liver dysfunction in patients newly diagnosed with TB prior to receiving AT drugs. This study is a nonexperimental observational study with consecutive sampling technique by following a descriptive analytic design (cohort study). The subjects were patients in the National Lung Health Center Makassar who are newly diagnosed with TB and have not received any AT drug. The BMI data and blood samples were collected and analyzed to obtain Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartat aminotransferase (AST), and Albumin levels. It was found that out of 22 total patients, 3 (14%) of the TB patients experienced liver dysfunction characterized by high level of ALT and AST levels. Both patients had normal levels of albumin despite one of them had a low BMI. The statistical showed no correlation between the low BMI or albumin level with the presence of liver dysfunction. It is concluded that the presence of liver dysfunction is not correlated with low BMI or albumin level in newly diagnosed TB patients, and hence, are not considered as independent risk factors of liver dysfunction in this population.

Profil fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri fraksi etil asetat akar jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn.)

Bacterial infections are a major cause of chronic infections and mortality that continues to threaten public health worldwide. Various medicinal plants used in folk medicine have demonstrated wound healing and antibacterial properties. The aims of the study are investigation phytochemical and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from jarak pagar roots (Jatropha curcas Linn.). The roots were treated with maceration method using ethanol 70% and subsequently fractioned to ethyl acetate fraction. The fractions were used for phytochemical screening and antibacterial assay using Kirby and Bauer agar difussion method. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction jarak pagar roots contained alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, poliphenol dan tannins. The antibacterial activity of jarak pagar roots againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli shows that the activity of this fraction with concentration 8 mg/mL has strong inhibitory potency against the growth S. aureus with inhibitory zone is 14,3 mm and has moderate inhibitory potency against E. coli with inhibitory zone is 9 mm. The increase concentrations of ethyl asetate fraction jarak pagar roots shows high inhibition diameter of bacterial growth.

Evaluasi ketersediaan obat di beberapa puskesmas wilayah kabupaten X tahun 2019

Drug management in public health centers (Puskesmas) needs to be solve properly to ensure continuing availability and affordability medical services that efficient, effective and rational. The aims of this study are to describe and evaluate drug management in four Puskesmas on Kabupaten X, especially in planning, demanding, receiving, distribution, and storage. This study is a descriptive-evaluative study, with quantitative and qualitative methods, using retrospective data in 2019. The results show that suitability of the types of drugs available with the district drug formulary : 93.46-98.57%; accuracy of drug demand 114-416%; receiving accuracy 76-128%; dead stock 1.3-31.57%; prescriptioning generic drugs 94.72-100%; and the value of damaged drugs 0-17,37%. Results of this study can be concluded that the drug management in four Puskesmas still not optimal because not in accordance with the standard.

Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl) menggunakan metode ekstraksi berbasis gelombang ultrasonic

Free radical is an atom or molecule that has unpaired electrons, is reactive and unstable which can cause damage to cells and tissues. Secondary metabolite compounds in plants such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins can inhibit free radicals. One of the plants that has the potential as an antioxidant is a Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. The part of the plant that is often used as a medicinal ingredient by Indonesian people is the leaf part. The leaves of snakeweed are natural ingredients that are rich in phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study aims to determine the activity of free radical inhibition in the snakeweed leaf extract with Ultrasound Assisted Extraction method. Determination of free radical inhibition activity was examined using DPPH method at the concentration series of snakeweed leaf extracts of 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 ppm. The comparison solution used was vitamin C made with a concentration series of 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 11 ppm. The results showed that vitamin C had a free radical inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 9.40 ± 0.07 ppm, while the extract of snakeweed leaf had free radical inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 74.32 ± 0.71 ppm. Based on the IC50 value, the intensity of free radical inhibition activity in vitamin C is classified as very strong and the extract of snakeweed leaf is strong

In silico analysis of Trisindoline 1 compound against Mpro SARS-CoV-2 as novel potential drugs candidate

The novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the viruses that can infect humans and cause high mortality worldwide. The protease (Mpro) is key SARS-CoV-2 an enzyme mediates the viral replication and the transcription. Mpro is currently used as the candidate for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine because Mpro is one of the key enzymes in the viral life cycle that essential for interactions between the virus and host cell receptor during viral entry. The Mpro can be a target protein to design the novel drug of SARS-CoV-2. The drug design from natural products that are considered to have low toxicity is needed against the virus. The study aims to determines the potential pharmacology of Trisindoline 1 compound from the sponge Hyrtios altum against SARS-CoV-2 and to find the amino acid residues between interaction ligand-protein receptors. The methods of this study use the virtual screening of Auto Dock Vina and visualization the amino acid residue using Bio via Discovery Studio. The result of this study was the selected marine compound from Trisindoline 1 may have potential to developed as inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2.Keywords: In Silico, Mpro, Sars Cov 2, Trisindoline 1, Sponges

Analisis perencanaan dan pengadaan guna menjamin ketersediaan obat di rumah sakit

Management of drug is one of the factors which contribute to the quality of hospital services. This study aimed at finding out drug planning in Pharmacy Unit of Adelia Surgical Hospital by using ABC analysis method. This research is qualitative descriptive study involving informants. Primary data were collected by interview with respondents and secondary data report of general drugs purchased period of May 2018 – May 2019. The Result using ABC analysis indicate that there are 23 (17,42%) kindof drugs in group A, 35 (26,52%) in group B and 74 (56,06%) in grup C. Group A if in the event of an excess or deficiency will couse harm to the hospital. ABC analysis method will effectively improve hospital drug consumption plan.

Optimasi formula sampo ekstrak daun pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.) dengan kombinasi natrium lauril sulfat dan cocamide DEA

Dandruff is an anomalous condition characterized by excessive exfoliation of the horny layer from the scalp. The leaves of the water henna plant (Impatiens balsamina L.) are one of the natural ingredients that have anti-dandruff properties, so they can be used as an active ingredient in making dandruff shampoo. The water henna leaves were extracted using the maceration method with ethanol 96%. Apart from the active ingredients, shampoo also has an important component, namely surfactants. The surfactant used in this study was a combination of sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamide DEA. The purpose of this study was to optimize the surfactant formula of sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamide DEA in water henna leaf extract shampoo. This research was a laboratory experimental research. Formula optimization was done through the Simplex Latice Design (SLD) method approach by making eight formulas. All formulas were evaluated for their physical properties including the foam height test and pH test. The data obtained were processed with Design Expert® software. Based on the physical evaluation of the water henna leaf extract shampoo, the results of the high foam test were 10,025 cm and a pH of 6,12. The results of the acceptability test of shampoo preparations including the parameters of color, smell, texture and viscosity received a fairly good response with the acquisition of values 3,1, 3,3, 3,9 and 4 with information 1 (very dislike), 2 (dislike), 3 (quite like), 4 (like) and 5 (really like). The optimum formula for the shampoo consisting of 5% water henna leaf extract, 1,1863% sodium lauryl sulfate, 19,814% cocamide DEA, 3% CMC, 0,5% citric acid, 0,5% methyl paraben, 0,15% menthol and distilled water had physical properties that meet the requirements of a good shampoo preparation.

Profil penggunaan obat antidiabetes pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di instalasi rawat jalan RSUD Provinsi NTB tahun 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of insulin secretion, insulin action or both, which are characterized by blood glucose levels 200 mg/dl and / or fasting blood glucose levels 126 mg/dl. In 2017 Indonesia was recorded as the sixth largest country with DM in the world. The most common classification of diabetes is type 2 DM with an incidence 90-95%. The study aimed to determine the profile of antidiabetic use in type 2 DM patients at the outpatient installation of RSUD Provinsi NTB in 2018. This study used cross sectional design retrospectively with purposive sampling method for the period January-December 2018. The results showed that in 112 patients, 195 antidiabetic agents were prescribed. The antidiabetic prescribed were metformin (33.85%), glimepirid (25.13%), aspart insulin (13.33%), insulin detemir (8.21%), pioglitazone (6.67%), insulin glargine (6.67%), glyclazide (1.54%), gliquidone (1.54%), acarbose (1.54), regular insulin (1.03%), and insulin lispro (0.51%). Overall, antidiabetic use was in accordance with the guideline recommendations. Further research is needed regarding the review of prescriptions and detailed indications in order to increase rationality of drug use, reduce morbidity and mortality and reduce medical costs.