scholarly journals Feeling Unsafe at School and Associated Mental Health Difficulties among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Yuko Mori ◽  
Elina Tiiri ◽  
Prakash Khanal ◽  
Jayden Khakurel ◽  
Kaisa Mishina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Security Officer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Definition Of

This study systematically reviewed the literature on perceived school safety. We investigated the prevalence, factors and associated mental health difficulties, as well as cross-cultural findings. Five databases were searched up to 9 February 2021 for peer-reviewed papers published in English. We included quantitative studies that explored the perception of school safety among children and adolescents. The reference lists of the selected papers were also searched. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the included studies. The review included 43 papers. The mean prevalence of the students who felt unsafe at school was 19.4% and ranged from 6.1% to 69.1%. Their perceived safety was associated with a wide range of personal, school, and social factors. Not feeling safe at school was related to being victimized and mental health difficulties, including depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Higher perceived school safety was associated with measures such as the presence of a security officer and fair school rule enforcement. The results showed the lack of cross-cultural studies on perceived school safety. Empirical studies are needed that examine the mechanisms of school safety, using valid measures. A clear definition of school safety should be considered a key aspect of future studies.

scholarly journals Young voices in mental health care: Exploring children’s and adolescents’ service experiences and preferences

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Persson ◽  
Curt Hagquist ◽  
Daniel Michelson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Mental Health Clinics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Community Mental Health Clinics ◽  
A Priority

The development of ‘youth-friendly’ services has become a priority across a wide range of health-care contexts. However, relatively few studies have specifically examined users’ experiences of, and preferences for, child and adolescent mental health care. The current study investigated young service users’ views of outpatient and community mental health clinics in Sweden, based on two data sources. First, focus group interviews were conducted with seven children and adolescents (aged 10–18 years) to explore both positive and negative experiences of mental health care. Second, written suggestions about specific service improvements were obtained from 106 children and adolescents. Qualitative content analysis revealed three overarching themes: ‘Accessibility’, ‘Being heard and seen’ and ‘Usefulness of sessions’. Young people’s recommendations for improving practice included more convenient appointment times, offered in welcoming settings; opportunities to communicate more openly with clinical staff, enabling sensitive discussion of mental health and wider personal issues; and more structured treatments that offer greater credibility and relevance to young people’s mental health and developmental needs. Young people also discussed being compelled by parents and school professionals to engage in treatment. Attending to young people’s preferences must be a priority in order to overcome ambivalence about session attendance, and enhance treatment participation and outcomes.

scholarly journals Pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents attending Psychiatric OPD at a tertiary care hospital: A study from Midwestern Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
TA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Mental health in child and adolescent is an essential component of overall health. Forty four percent of population in Nepal is under 19 years of age. Majority of lifetime psychiatric illnesses start during child and adolescent stage. Undetected poor mental health has wide range of adverse impact on individual's ability in various domains of achievement. This study is done with the objective to know the pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents from a tertiary care hospital.Material and Method: This is a descriptive study comprised of all new cases i.e. 156 participants of child and adolescents visiting to psychiatric outpatients department of Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj, from January 2017 to June 2017. Socio-demographic data and clinical diagnosis based on International Classification of Disease- 10 diagnostic research criteria were collected and analyzed.Results: Out of 156 subjects studied, 2/3rd were female. The highest (57.06%) number of participants were from age group of 16 year to 18 years. Most common diagnosis was dissociative disorder in 24.35% followed by seizure disorder in 15.38% and mood disorder in 14.75% of participants.Conclusion: Adolescent female were most commonly affected population. Dissociative disorder was the most common psychiatric morbidity followed by seizure disorder and mood disorder.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.44-47

Genre Theory, Rewritten Bible and Pesher

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Textual Traditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Generic Instability

AbstractThis article considers how the wide range of compositions from the Second Temple period that represent or depend implicitly or explicitly on some form of authoritative Jewish scripture should be suitably described and categorized. Three broad sets of issues are addressed. The first concerns how the “authority” of texts or textual traditions within particular groups of texts should be articulated suitably, particularly in relation to the respective roles for form, content and function in such articulations. The second concerns the role that should be played by reflections on the hierarchy of genres, generic instability, and evolutionary models of genre construction in how it is appropriate to distinguish earlier from later, or authoritative from dependent, primary from secondary compositions. The third concerns what labels might suitably be imposed on this broad range of literature, a breadth of literary compositions that seldom makes plain how it understands itself. The questions are addressed by the open-ended definition of the corpus to be studied, by consideration of the problems surrounding the criteria for generic definition, by reviewing the perspectives derived from thinking about the evolution of genres, and by giving some place to the need for cross-cultural analogies. A concluding section asks diachronic and synchronic questions about anthologies of authoritative texts and their interpretations.

Resilience and risk, metal health and well-being: How do these concepts relate?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S463-S463
Author(s):  
F. Schultze-Lutter ◽  
S. Ochsenbein ◽  
S.J. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

IntroductionResilience and well-being have become commonplace and increasingly used terms in a wide range of scientific as well as mental health political contexts.ObjectivesThere is much confusion about the relationship of the two constructs: while some use well-being as a proxy measure of resilience, others treat one concept as a component of the other or see interchangeably one as the prerequisite of the other.AimsTo study the definition of these two concepts in relation to each other.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsBoth ‘resilience’ as well as ‘well-being’, have so far defied universal definition and common understanding of their respective measurement. Part of the confusion around these two concepts is the overlap in their components, in particular with regard to resilience and psychological well-being, and the lack of research on these concepts both by themselves, in relation to each other and in relation to other concepts like mental health, risk or protective (or promotive) factors.ConclusionOur critical and comparative inspection of both concepts highlights the need for more conceptual cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies:– to uncover the composition of these constructs and to reach agreement on their definition and measurement;– to detect their potential neurobiological underpinnings;– to reveal how they relate to each other;– to determine the potential role of developmental and cultural peculiarities.Thus, the use of the terms resilience and well-being should always be accompanied by a brief explanation of their respective meanings and theoretical framework.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Mental Health Promotion Efforts for Children and Youth in Canada and Beyond: Evidence in Research, Policy and Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Whitley ◽  
Suzanne Gooderham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Mental Health Promotion ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties

terms of both psychological and academic outcomes. Growing numbers of students are placed “at risk” as a result. A mental health promotion approach suggests that students can develop a number of skills and competencies, namely those related to social-emotional learning (SEL), which can reduce their chance of developing mental health difficulties. In Canada, a wide range of curricula, frameworks, initiatives, and programs have been put in place that address elements of SEL. In this paper, a sampling of these drawn from across the country is described. The emphasis on SEL apparent in many provinces and territories is evidence of the shared understanding of its importance with respect to improving student outcomes. However, a lack of evidence to support these approaches, inconsistencies in terms of terminology and practices, the lack of alignment between SEL and academics, and the piecemeal approach adopted within some provinces leave SEL and mental health promotion approaches vulnerable to being labelled “add-ons” and becoming transient initiatives.

Normative angiographic data relating to the dimensions of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in children and adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Rammos ◽  
Sotiria C. Apostolopoulou ◽  
Hans H. Kramer ◽  
Reiner Kozlik-Feldmann ◽  
Andreas Heusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

Background:Definition of normative data of the great arteries from neonatal to adult ages may aid in assessment of the growth of cardiovascular structures, thus guiding the timing and type of intervention in patients with congenital cardiac disease.Methods:We calculated the cross-sectional areas of the arterial roots at the basal attachment of the valvar leaflets, the sinuses, and standardized distal sites using cineangiograms of 59 normal children and adolescents with mean age of 5.4 plus or minus 4.7 years and a range from 0.1 to 16 years, the children having a mean weight of 21.2 plus or minus 15.7 kilograms, with a range from 2.2 to 68 kilograms, and mean height of 108 plus or minus 35 centimetres, with a range from 43 to 184 centimetres. Values at each site were calculated averaging end-diastolic and end-systolic measurements, and indexed to body surface area. Results are expressed as the mean plus or minus the standard deviation.Results:The diameter of the aortic root at the basal attachment of the leaflets was 249 plus or minus 26, the midpoint of the sinuses 379 plus or minus 59, the sinutubular junction 290 plus or minus 58, the isthmus 158 plus or minus 36, the postisthmic region 152 plus or minus 33, and the descending aorta at the level of diaphragm 130 plus or minus 18 millimetres squared per metre squared. The pulmonary root measured at the basal attachment of the leaflets was 253 plus or minus 28, the midpoint of the sinuses 352 plus or minus 58, the sinutubular junction 293 plus or minus 58, the right pulmonary artery 176 plus or minus 25, the left pulmonary artery 153 plus or minus 20, and sum of right and left pulmonary arteries 330 plus or minus 37 millimetres squared per metre squared. All indexes were consistent over a wide range for body surface areas.Conclusions:Definition of normative data of the great vessels may aid in the evaluation of congenital or acquired abnormalities, serving as guidelines for intervention during medical or surgical management and follow-up.

Utilisation of findings from the evaluation of a major primary mental health care initiative in Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fay Kohn ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Belinda Morley ◽  
Lucio Naccarella ◽  
Grant Blashki
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Primary Mental Health Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ongoing Evaluation

Much has been written about evaluation utilisation from a theoretical perspective, but relatively less emphasis has been given to empirical studies that examine how the findings from given evaluations are utilised. The current study examined the nature and extent of utilisation of the findings from an ongoing evaluation of a key component of a major national primary mental health care initiative in Australia. The initiative is known as the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care (BOiMHC) program, and the component involves 111 Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) projects, which provide mental health care to people who might otherwise have difficulty accessing such services. Nine reports have been produced during the evaluation of the ATAPS projects, and the current study explored how various stakeholders have used the first eight of these reports, via semi-structured interviews with 10 purposefully sampled respondents. The study revealed that the findings in the reports have been put to instrumental use (e.g. influencing decisions about program modification), conceptual use (e.g. furthering the knowledge base regarding the delivery of primary mental health care in general) and symbolic or legitimative use (e.g. confirming the original philosophy behind the BOiMHC program). Various reasons may account for this wide range of uses, including the fact that every effort has been made to identify all relevant stakeholders, garner their support for the evaluation from the outset, and communicate the evaluation findings to them in a relevant manner. The study provides empirical evidence that evaluation findings can be widely utilised, providing they are geared to the needs of the relevant stakeholders.

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