scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mazharul Islam ◽  
Majed Alharthi ◽  
Md. Mahmudul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The potential costs of road traffic accidents (RTAs) to society are immense. Yet, no study has attempted to examine the impact of climate change on RTAs in Saudi Arabia, though RTA-leading deaths are very high, and the occurrence of climatic events is very frequent. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of climate change on RTAs in Saudi Arabia and to recommend some climate change mitigation and adaptation policies to make roads safe for all. This study employed annual data from 13 regions of Saudi Arabia, from 2003 to 2013. The data were analyzed on the basis of panel regression models—fixed effect, random effect, and the pooled ordinary least square. The findings show that temperature, rainfall, sandstorms, and number of vehicles were statistically and significantly responsible for RTAs in Saudi Arabia in the study period. This study also found that RTAs both inside and outside cities significantly caused injuries, but only RTAs inside cities significantly caused death. Furthermore, the death from RTAs injuries was found to be statistically significant only for motor vehicle accidents. The findings will assist policymakers in taking the right courses of action to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change through understanding climate influence on RTAs.

scholarly journals Visual Function of Drivers and its Relation to the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1016-1020
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Aldakhil ◽  
Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
Majid Moafa ◽  
Waleed Alghamdi ◽  
Muhammed Alluwimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eye Examination

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate due to road traffic accidents (RTA) is significantly high in Saudi Arabia (SA) compared to other countries. The visual function which includes good visual acuity (VA) and binocular vision are very important factors that can contribute to the incidence of RTA. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between refractive errors (REs) and the RTA in SA. METHODS: A total of 354 participants (mean age 22.67 ± 3.22 years) were recruited randomly to participate in this study from the population of Qassim district. Data collected using the questionnaire included participants’ age, sex, and education level, ocular and medical history, driving history as well as history of RTA. Ocular health examination including VA, RE measurements, and binocular vision function vision was measured and analyzed. RESULTS: The results of this study show that 48.3% of drivers had some form of REs with 3.4% being visually impaired. 217 (61.3%) of participants have had an RTA, and 119 (54.9%) of them have had more than two accidents in the past two years. The findings show no significant association between the occurrence of RTA and uncorrected REs or binocular vision dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Our data showed significantly higher rate of RTA among Saudi drivers which is much higher than any country in the world. The current Saudi regulations for obtaining driving license need to be modified, with implementing a comprehensive eye examination prior to acquiring or renewing drivers’ licenses.

A study on road traffic accidents in Arar, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
MuharibM Alshammari ◽  
NagahM Abo El-Fetoh ◽  
MushrefS Alshammari ◽  
AbdulazizS Alshammari ◽  
AbdulazizM Alsharari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents

scholarly journals Using the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems to Compare the Impact of Speed and Space Perception on the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac ◽  
Libor Švadlenka ◽  
Svetlana Čičević ◽  
Aleksandar Trifunović ◽  
Momčilo Dobrodolac
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
The Impact

A constantly increasing number of deaths on roads forces analysts to search for models that predict the driver’s propensity for road traffic accidents (RTAs). This paper aims to examine a relationship between the speed and space assessment capabilities of drivers in terms of their association with the occurrence of RTAs. The method used for this purpose is based on the implementation of the interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System (T2FIS). The inputs to the first T2FIS relate to the speed assessment capabilities of drivers. These capabilities were measured in the experiment with 178 young drivers, with test speeds of 30, 50, and 70 km/h. The participants assessed the aforementioned speed values from four different observation positions in the driving simulator. On the other hand, the inputs of the second T2FIS are space assessment capabilities. The same group of drivers took two types of space assessment tests—2D and 3D. The third considered T2FIS sublimates of all previously mentioned inputs in one model. The output in all three T2FIS structures is the number of RTAs experienced by a driver. By testing three proposed T2FISs on the empirical data, the result of the research indicates that the space assessment characteristics better explain participation in RTAs compared to the speed assessment capabilities. The results obtained are further confirmed by implementing a multiple regression analysis.

scholarly journals Separating the Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff: A Review of Method and Application

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zeng ◽  
Ming-Guo Ma ◽  
Dong-Rui Di ◽  
Wei-Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Separating the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff is an important topic in hydrology, and a large number of methods and theories have been widely used. In this paper, we review the current papers on separating the impacts of climate and human activities on runoff, summarize the progress of relevant research methods and applications in recent years, and discuss future research needs and directions.

Aetiological factors contributing to road traffic accidents in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin H. Nofal ◽  
Abdalla A. W. Saeed ◽  
Charles C. Anokute
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Riyadh City

Economic impacts of climate change and variability on agricultural production in the Middle East and North Africa region

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Alboghdady ◽  
Salah E. El-Hendawy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change and variability on agricultural production in Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) where the deleterious impacts of climate change are generally projected to be greatest. Design/methodology/approach The study used a production function model using Fixed Effect Regression (FER) analysis and then using marginal impact analysis to assess the impact of climate change and variability on agricultural production. Therefore, the study utilized panel data for the period 1961-2009 pooled from 20 countries in MENA region. Findings Results showed that 1 per cent increase in temperature during winter resulted in 1.12 per cent decrease in agricultural production. It was also observed that 1 per cent increase in temperature variability during winter and spring resulted in 0.09 and 0.14 per cent decrease in agricultural production, respectively. Results also indicated that increasing precipitation during winter and fall season and precipitation variability during winter and summer seasons had negative impact. The estimated parameters of square temperature and precipitation indicated that climate change has significant nonlinear impacts on agricultural production in MENA region. Originality/value Despite there are many studies on the impact of climate change on agricultural production, there is a lack of publications to address the economic impact of both climate change and variability on agricultural production in MENA region. Thus, these results are more comprehensive and more informative to policymakers than the results from field trials.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Kamran Bokhari Syed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries

<p><strong>Background</strong>: World Health Organization has estimated that nearly 25% of all injuries fatalities worldwide are a result of road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low and middle income countries. Trauma in Saudi Arabia is a major public health problem with increasing rates of mortality and morbidity.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: To review the incidence of maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia and to highlight the etiological factors, the current preventive strategies and suggestions to reduce such injuries.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods</strong>: This review was conducted through literature search over a period of 25 years. The key words included in the search include road traffic injuries, maxillofacial trauma, Saudi Arabia. The search was conducted through search engines and which included Google, science direct, pub med. A total of 56 reference articles and web pages were reviewed. 31 of these references are cited in this review. The demographic factors involved in road traffic accidents, the existing legislation in the country as cited in the literature, primary care system and recent advances in management are highlighted in this review article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Trauma is a preventable cause of death, morbidity, depression and unemployment. Simple measures such as seat belt legislation, traffic monitoring, creation of awareness among youth will significantly bring down loss of lives. This will create a better society to live and enjoy life.</p>

scholarly journals Aesthetic Consolation: A Possible Remedy for Solastalgia in James Bradley’s Clade (2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Abeer Mohammed Raafat Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Western World ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Everyday Aesthetics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is one of the significant and threatening problems worldwide. It has attracted the attention of scientists and politicians as well as writers and critics especially in the western world. Writers have responded by writing climate change fiction despite the challenges of representation. James Bradley, an Australian novelist and critic, is one of those writers who are deeply occupied by the impacts of climate change. He has written Clade (2017) which traces the life of Adam Leith, a climatologist, and his family descendants amid the disastrous consequences of climate change. To analyze this novel, the researcher focuses on solastalgia, and applies the approach of everyday aesthetics. In a nutshell, the paper attempts to highlight the impact of climate change, examine the relationship between the characters and their environment, and explore the possibility of adaptation and detection of aesthetic values in an environment destroyed by climate change.

scholarly journals Comparison of road traffic accidents presenting to the emergency department of a teaching hospital before and during lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4297
Author(s):  
Siddharth Rao P. S. ◽  
Sumayya Nazneen Sayyada ◽  
Souri Reddy Pyreddy
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
The Impact

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of misery, disability and death globally, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing countries. With COVID-19 reaching pandemic proportion, a nationwide lockdown was announced on 24 March 2020 which resulted in the complete closure vehicular movement. This study aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on the number of RTAs brought to our rural tertiary care teaching hospital situated on National highway number 65.Methods: Medico-legal records were reviewed retrospectively at Kamineni institute of medical sciences hospital. The cases were classified into two groups. The pre-lockdown group included cases reporting to casualty from 1 April 2019 to 31 July 2019. The lockdown group included cases reporting to casualty from 1 April 2020 to 31 July 2020. Patient demographics, type of injury, time of injury, mode of injury were collected for all cases and analysed using simple mathematical tools.Results: There was a significant decrease in the total number of RTAs during lockdown phases 1 and 2 and during unlocking phases 1 and 2 by 52.1%. Bike skid was the most common mode of injury. The highest number of RTAs was observed between 6 am to 6 pm and the most commonly affected gender was male especially in the age group of 15-45 years.Conclusions: RTA numbers can be reduced by strict implementation of traffic rules and better road infrastructure. One positive effect of the measures implemented to control the spread of COVID-19 was the reduction of traffic accidents and mass casualties.

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