scholarly journals (How) Does Diversity Still Matter for the IPCC? Instrumental, Substantive and Co-Productive Logics of Diversity in Global Environmental Assessments

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Adam Standring ◽  
Rolf Lidskog
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Scientific Expertise

To what extent has the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) succeeded in its ambition to shape a more diverse environmental expertise? In what ways are diversity important to the IPCC? What purposes does diversity serve in the IPCC’s production of global environmental assessments and thus environmental knowledge in general? These questions are explored by analyzing quantitative demographic data of the latest two assessment cycles (AR5 and AR6) and qualitative data from a semi-structured interview study with IPCC experts. The analysis shows that there have been improvements in diversity in recent years across measures of gender (women comprising 34% of authors in AR6 compared to 21% in AR5), regional representation and the proportion of authors from developing countries (35% in AR6 compared to 31% in AR5). These improvements have not, however, been distributed evenly when looking at the seniority of authors, nor when comparing across working groups, with WGI (the physical science) remaining much less diverse (28% female authors) than WGII (impacts) (41% female authors) and WGIII (mitigation) (32% female authors). The interviews suggest that rather than viewing diversity as a challenge it should be viewed as an opportunity to build capacity. Distinctions between scientific expertise and ‘diversity of voice’ need to be reconsidered in terms of both the substantive and instrumental value that a diverse range of knowledge, experience and skills add to the process of the scientific assessment of climate knowledge. In the concluding discussion, three points are raised: (i) the issue of diversity will probably grow in importance due to the fact that the complex task of transforming society has increasingly come into focus; (ii) the issue of diversity will be crucial for IPCC to maintain and develop its capacity to make assessments; (iii) the issue of diversity should not be reduced to simply a means for improving the process of making assessments, but should also improve the outcomes of the assessments.

scholarly journals Learning from experience: what the emerging global marine assessment community can learn from the social processes of other global environmental assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-114
Author(s):  
Kyle Fawkes ◽  
Sebastian Ferse ◽  
Anja Scheffers ◽  
Valerie Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Learning From Experience ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Regular Process ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Social

In recent decades, international assessments of the ocean have evolved from specialized, technical evaluations of the state of the marine environment to more integrated and thematically extensive science-policy platforms. As assessment programmes such as the UN Regular Process blossom on the global stage and subsume responsibility for tracking progress on sustainable development, there is a need to consider how their processes wield influence and effectively translate knowledge into action. In the present paper, we undertake a comprehensive review of the literature on global environmental assessments (GEAs) and extract key principles that can be applied to global assessments of the marine environment. We were particularly inspired to identify how social processes could be arranged to best distill, communicate, and produce actionable knowledge. While we look to the advice of experts in the literature, we highlight specific examples from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), and the Global Environment Outlook (GEO). From this review, knowledge coproduction, multilevel collaboration, and futures thinking emerged as the dominant principles of influential and action-oriented assessments. We conclude the paper by contextualizing how these principles may be operationalized for Global Marine Assessments in the future.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of a questionnaire on vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections among adults with chronic mental illness: PESSOAS Project

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães ◽  
Helian Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Lorenza Nogueira Campos ◽  
Carolina Ali Santos ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Resende Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Grade Of Membership

OBJECTIVE: To describe reliability/validity of a semi-structured questionnaire designed to assess risk behavior to sexually transmitted diseases among adults with chronic mental illness. METHOD: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in one psychiatric hospital and one mental health outpatient clinic. Clinical, behavioral and demographic data were collected from semi-structured interviews and medical charts. One-hundred and twenty patients were randomly selected from pre-defined lists in both centers while 89 (74%) were interviewed, indicating 26% nonparticipation rate. Protocol, participation rates, consent form and feasibility issues were assessed. The semi-structured interview was evaluated with regard to reliability (intra- and inter-rater) and construct validity by randomly repeating the interviews in a 1:1 ratio up to one-week interval. Reliability was estimated by percent agreement and Kappa statistics (95% confidence interval). Construct validity was assessed by Grade of Membership model. RESULTS: Kappa statistics ranged from 0.40 to 1.00 for most variables. Grade of Membership analysis generated three profiles. Profile one was represented by mostly women with no condom use in stable relationships; profile two revealed mostly men in stable relationship but with multiple risk behaviors; while profile three indicated a higher proportion of licit or illicit substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Reliability and construct validity assessment using Grade of Membership analysis indicated that the semi-structured interview was suitable for capturing risk behavior among patients with chronic mental illness.

scholarly journals Study Of Depression in Elderly: Prevalence and Factors Associated

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
S. Subedi ◽  
P. Shrestha ◽  
D.K. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Ageing is a normal phenomenon. Various studies shows that there is a sharp rise in the elderly population in the last few years. Prevalence of depression in elderly is found to around 13% in the community sample in various countries. There is a dearth of study related to psychiatric illness in elderly in Nepal. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of depression in elderly and see for various factors associated with elderly depression. Material And Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Siddharthnagar Municipality, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi. 316 elderly were selected by using systematic random sampling technique. A Semi- structured interview schedule was developed to collect Socio-demographic data. The Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (SF-GDS) was used to find out the prevalence of depression among elderly people. Ethical Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee, Chitwan Medical College and permission was obtained from Siddharthnagar Municipality, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi. The collected data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and the data was exported and analyzed in IBM SPSS 20. Results: There were a total of 316 samples in this study. The mean age of respondents was 68.47 years of age. Majority of the respondents (54.1%) were female and living in joint Family (72.2%). Almost 45.9% respondents were from upper caste groups, 90.5% of respondents were Hindus. Among the married (100%) respondents, 54.6% of respondents were living with spouse and 3.2% were divorced and separated from spouse. Depression was present in 49.4% of respondents were depressed. Among depressed respondents, 46.7% of respondents were having mild depression, 39.2% moderate depression and 14.1% severe depression. Conclusion: The finding of this study concluded that depression among elderly people was a substantial problem in Siddharthnagar Municipality, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi.

Language acquisition in relation to complex PTSD

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1089-1089
Author(s):  
V. Vuijk ◽  
W.C. Kleijn ◽  
G.E. Smid ◽  
A.J.M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Complex Ptsd ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Variables

IntroductionEuropean countries face immigration problems with refugees. Many refugees suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Numerous studies have shown that PTSD is associated with cognitive problems that interfere with language acquisition.ObjectivesIn this study we have explored demographic and psychological variables that influence language acquisition. Expected is that low levels of language acquisition are associated with severeness of PTSD.AimsFrom clinical experience, we have noticed that Dutch fluency is an important factor in social adjustment and mental health. Furthermore it is expected that PTSD symptoms delay language acquisition.MethodsParticipants are 150 refuges with PTSD. The severeness of PTSD was assessed with a structured interview and self-rating questionnaires; HTQ, HSCL-25 and PILL scale. The ability to speak Dutch language was measured by the choice of refugees to have an interpreter or not. Demographic data for age, sex, education and years since resettlement are included. We searched for linear relations between PTSD and other variables.ResultsResults confirm our clinical observation of a relation between higher numbers of traumatic experiences related to complex PTSD and the choice to have a interpreter. There are correlations between complex PTSD, number of traumatic events, years since resettlement, age and language acquisition although multiple regressive analysis indicates this result is not significant because of the small variation in this group of refugees with severe PTSD.ConclusionThis study stresses the necessity to include additional objective instruments to measure language acquisition of refugees.

scholarly journals Scenarios in Global Environmental Assessments: Key characteristics and lessons for future use

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef P. van Vuuren ◽  
Marcel T.J. Kok ◽  
Bastien Girod ◽  
Paul L. Lucas ◽  
Bert de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Key Characteristics
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