The role of the main ingredients of chocolate in the formation of its beneficial properties for the consumer

Chocolate is the most staple and consumed confectionery product in Russia and the world. The determination of the beneficial properties of such a product as chocolate is an important and regular process of food institutions in every country, since new lines of already well-known manufacturers and new manufacturers with an innovative assortment are added to the retail assortment. Today, it is very relevant and important to understand the impact of new products on human health. In this regard, in order to provide complete information on a specific product, it is necessary to know its composition, ingredients and their effect on the body separately and within the framework of a specific product. Along with its beneficial properties, chocolate can also affect health negatively. It is necessary to understand the mechanism of the effect of chocolate on human health when consumed and to assess the risks that may arise subsequently after its active consumption.

Transferring Complex Scientific Knowledge to Useable Products for Society: The Role of the Global Integrated Ocean Assessment and Challenges in the Effective Delivery of Ocean Knowledge

The ocean provides essential services to human wellbeing through climate regulation, provision of food, energy and livelihoods, protection of communities and nurturing of social and cultural values. Yet despite the ocean’s key role for all life, it is failing as a result of unsustainable human practices. The first global integrated assessment of the marine environment, produced by the United Nations under The Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects (the World Ocean Assessment), identified an overall decline in ocean health. The second assessment, launched in April 2021, although recognising some bright spots and improvements, stresses ongoing decline in the ocean as a result of many unabated anthropogenic stressors on the ocean. This highlights that society, as a whole, does not fully recognise or value the importance of the ocean to their lives and impacts on the ocean caused by human activities. Further, recognition of the need for immediate and effective solutions for mitigating impacts and enabling ecosystem recovery, and the associated societal changes required is lacking. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021–2030 both recognize that sustainability is both a desired and essential pathway for ensuring the ocean can continue to provide the services society depends on. The World Ocean Assessment has an important role to play in increasing awareness of the ocean, the changes occurring in the ocean, the human activities causing those changes and the progress being made in reducing and mitigating the impacts of human activities on the marine environment. This paper outlines the knowledge brokering role that the Regular Process provides on ocean issues to all aspects of society from policy makers, ocean managers, ocean users to the public. It identifies the challenges faced by the Regular Process in successfully carrying out that role and lessons learned in achieving widespread uptake and recognition. Within the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, solutions in the form of instructions or guidelines for the use of the assessment can be developed and implemented.

408 Hand Trauma Consent

Background Consenting patients for procedures is a regular process for a trainee surgeon. The process of consent has come under scrutiny in recent years due to inadequacies highlighted by legal cases. With over 1.36 million patients attending A&E per year with hand trauma, this is the most common acute referral to Plastic surgeons. Aim To review current local practice by auditing risks and complications from hand trauma consent forms. To develop and implement a standardised pre-printed label including relevant risks and complications for hand trauma. Method Sample of hand trauma related consent forms audited assessing and comparing the risks and complications sections to a standardised set agreed locally by Consultant Plastic surgeons, cross referenced with literature. Standardised label including relevant risks and complications put into practice then re-audit their use. Results Use of the new standardised label demonstrated an elimination of omissions and increased adherence to 100% for all the relevant risks and complications. Conclusions Significant improvements in the process of consent were achieved through the development and implementation of a standardised risk and complications label. This ensures standards from the GMC and RCS guidelines are satisfied; positively impacting on service provision by improving the quality of the consent process.

Making School Children’s Participation in Planning Processes a Routine Practice

Children’s participation in planning has been investigated to some extent. There are, however, unexplored topics, particularly concerning what is needed for children’s participation to become a regular process. Based on case studies in Sweden, this article draws some conclusions. It is quite possible to organize ordinary processes where children participate in community building, in collaboration with planners, as part of their schoolwork. The key question is how this can be done. Clearly, it needs to occur in close collaboration with teachers and pupils, however it also needs to be implemented in a system-challenging manner. Thus, rather than looking for tools with potential to work in the existing school and planners’ world, it is important to design research that aims to create learning processes that have the potential to change praxis. Hence, it is not the case that tools are not needed, rather that children need to help to develop them.

Learning from experience: what the emerging global marine assessment community can learn from the social processes of other global environmental assessments

In recent decades, international assessments of the ocean have evolved from specialized, technical evaluations of the state of the marine environment to more integrated and thematically extensive science-policy platforms. As assessment programmes such as the UN Regular Process blossom on the global stage and subsume responsibility for tracking progress on sustainable development, there is a need to consider how their processes wield influence and effectively translate knowledge into action. In the present paper, we undertake a comprehensive review of the literature on global environmental assessments (GEAs) and extract key principles that can be applied to global assessments of the marine environment. We were particularly inspired to identify how social processes could be arranged to best distill, communicate, and produce actionable knowledge. While we look to the advice of experts in the literature, we highlight specific examples from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), and the Global Environment Outlook (GEO). From this review, knowledge coproduction, multilevel collaboration, and futures thinking emerged as the dominant principles of influential and action-oriented assessments. We conclude the paper by contextualizing how these principles may be operationalized for Global Marine Assessments in the future.

Radicalization of Dagestan’s youth in the post-Soviet period

The article is based on archival materials, field ethnographic material and examines the problem of youth radicalism in the post-Soviet period. In the XXI century the second regular process of recruiting young people into the ranks of terrorists began. However, thanks to the official clergy (the Muftiate of the Republic of Dagestan), state authorities, public associations of the Republic, the process of radicalization of young people has stopped.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESEARCH OF SIGNATURES PERFORMED BY THE PERSONS OF THE ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE

Human handwriting changes throughout life, undergoing natural changes. Handwriting undergoes significant changes in the process of transition from mature to advanced and senile age. Aging is a natural, regular process of organism change at physiological, psychological, social levels. Over the past 50 years, the process of aging of the nation on a global scale is developing at a high speed. This article discusses the urgent issue of the study of signatures made by elderly and senile people: first of all, an attempt is made to determine the age boundaries of such concepts as «advanced» and «senile», as well as signs characteristic of signatures made by elderly or senile people are given age, and signs that the artist is trying to reproduce the signature with imitation. The problematic aspects that have arisen by experts during posthumous handwriting examinations of signatures are revealed, the main of which is the quality and quantity of lifetime free samples of signatures and the handwriting of the deceased. This is due to the fact that it is no longer possible to take experimental samples of signatures and handwriting from a deceased person, and free face samples, due to the peculiarity of the deceased’s life, may be in very limited numbers and may not correspond to the time of writing the document under study. Finally, the authors come to the conclusion that the methodology developed in 1983 for the forensic investigation of signatures made on behalf of elderly and senile people still remains effective and relevant, allows us to successfully detect the fact that signatures were performed by this category of people, but needs to be improved, experimental research, continuous monitoring of current trends in the physiological and psychological development of man.

YOGA ATASI NYERI SAAT MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PUTRI

Menstruation is part of a regular process that prepares a woman's body every month for pregnancy, which is controlled by the interaction of hormones released by the hypothalamus. In general, women experience physical discomfort for several days before and during the first day of menstruation in the form of pain or dysmenorrhea. Dysminorrhea is pain that arises during menstruation which can interfere with daily activities. The prevalence of dysminorrhea in Indonesia around 50% occurs in young women. As a result of menstrual pain, among others: about 20% of adolescents can not go to school because of pain during menstruation, so that academic achievement decreases. There are several pain management to overcome dysminore one of which is with yoga. The purpose of community service is to provide information to adolescents about how to cope with pain during menstruation without painkillers with yoga movements the balasana movemens. The materials used in this activity were leaflets, infocations, laptops, questionnaires and stationery, while this activity was carried out on April 13-15 at MTS Darussalam Al-Hafiz Jambi City. The results of this community service were female students knowing how to overcome pain during menstruation by doing one of the yoga poses of child pose to reduce pain during menstruation.

Circular RNAs: a new class of biomarkers as a rising interest in laboratory medicine

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinct family of RNAs derived from the non-regular process of alternative splicing. CircRNAs have recently gained interest in transcriptome research due to their potential regulatory functions during gene expression. CircRNAs can act as microRNA sponges and affect transcription through their complex involvement in regular transcriptional processes. Some early studies also suggested significant roles for circRNAs in human diseases, especially cancer, as biomarkers and potential clinical targets. Therefore, there is a great need for laboratory scientists to translate these findings into clinical tools to advance testing for human diseases. To facilitate a better understanding of the promise of circRNAs, we focus this review on selected basic aspects of circRNA research, specifically biogenesis, function, analytical issues regarding identification and validation and examples of expression data in relation to human diseases. We further emphasize the unique challenges facing laboratory medicine with regard to circRNA research, particularly in the development of robust assays for circRNA detection in different body fluids and the need to collaborate with clinicians in the design of clinical studies.