scholarly journals Aesthetic Effects on Granite of Adding Nanoparticle TiO2 to Si-Based Consolidants (Ethyl Silicate or Nano-Sized Silica)

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santiago Pozo-Antonio ◽  
Daniel Noya ◽  
Cristina Montojo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Nanocrystalline Tio2 ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Tio2 Addition ◽  
Coated Surfaces

Considering that consolidant products are commonly used in the cultural heritage field and the titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) have been used to develop photocatalyst films to induce self-cleaning property, the scientific research on consolidants doped with TiO2 is justified. However, the addition of TiO2 can affect to the physical properties of the cultural heritage object, questioning the adequacy of the procedure. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of nanoparticle TiO2 addition to two different commercial consolidant products (ethyl silicate or nano-sized silica) on the appearance and the color of a granite and the penetration through its fissure system. The stone was previously subjected to high temperature simulating the effect of a fire and the subsequent tap water jet to cool down. Therefore, different concentrations of nanocrystalline TiO2 (0.5, 1, and 3 wt %) were considered. The different compositions were also studied considering the compactness, the extent and the thickness of the superficial xerogel coating, and as well the penetration of the consolidant. The minimal TiO2 concentration tested (0.5 wt %) implied a low-medium risk of incompatibility as an intervention in cultural heritage field, because its low-medium potential as inducer of visible color changes of the granite surface. Regardless of the TiO2 content, the nano-sized silica induced surface xerogel coatings more compact and continue than those formed in the ethyl silicate coated surfaces. Higher penetration rates were identified in the granite treated with nano-sized silica colloidal solution, while ethyl silicate was only found in the first few µm. It was found that penetration could depend on the application procedure, the solvent of the consolidant and the silica particle size. The TiO2 addition reduced the penetration of the nano-sized silica consolidant.

scholarly journals Moving toward Smart Cities: Evaluation of the Self-Cleaning Properties of Si-Based Consolidants Containing Nanocrystalline TiO2 Activated by Either UV-A or UV-B Radiation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2577
Author(s):  
José Santiago Pozo-Antonio ◽  
Daniel Noya-Pintos ◽  
Patricia Sanmartín
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Region ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Nanocrystalline Tio2 ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Nanosized Silica

This study evaluated the self-cleaning ability and durability of Si-based consolidants (an ethyl silicate consolidant and a consolidant based on nanosized silica) spiked with nanocrystalline TiO2 activated by either UV-A radiation (spectral region between 340 and 400 nm, and main peak at 365 nm) or UV-B radiation (spectral region between 270 and 420 nm, and main peak at 310 nm). Granite samples were coated with consolidant, to which nanocrystalline TiO2 was added at different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 3%, by wt.). Diesel soot was then applied to the coated surfaces, and the samples were exposed to UV-A or UV-B radiation for 1650 h. The surface color changes, relative to the color of untreated granite, were determined every 330 h by color spectrophotometry. Slight color changes indicated a recovery of the reference color due to the degradation of the soot. The final surfaces of both the untreated and treated surfaces were compared by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main findings were that: (1) In general, the consolidant containing nanosized silica induced the most intense photocatalytic activity. In the more compact xerogel coating formed by the nanosized silica, more TiO2 nanoparticles were available to interact with the radiation. (2) For all consolidant mixtures, soot degradation remained constant or decreased over time, except with ethyl silicate with 0.5 wt % TiO2 (no self-cleaning capacity). (3) Soot degradation increased with the concentration of TiO2. (4) The UV-B radiation was the most effective in terms of soot degradation, except for the surface coated with the ethyl silicate and 3% wt. TiO2.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Between Ammonium Phosphate and Ethyl Silicate Towards Conservation of Prehistoric Paintings in the Magura Cave (Bulgaria)

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Sassoni ◽  
Elisa Franzoni ◽  
Milyana Stefanova ◽  
Zdravko Kamenarov ◽  
Paolo Scopece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Cave Paintings ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Bat Guano

This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and the compatibility of two alternative treatments, in view of their possible use for conservation of prehistoric paintings in the Magura cave (Bulgaria). The paintings are made of bat guano applied over limestone; therefore, two sets of laboratory specimens were considered: stone specimens and stone specimens covered with a layer of sterilized bat guano. The two investigated treatments were a commercial product based on ethyl silicate (“ES”) and a solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (“DAP”), aimed at forming calcium phosphates. The results of the study indicated that both treatments were able to increase the mechanical properties of stone, the increase being higher for “DAP”. Both consolidants caused acceptable color changes, but the “ES” treatment significantly decreased stone wettability, water absorption, and water vapor permeability, while the “DAP” treatment slightly affected those properties. In the stone + guano specimens, the presence of the guano layer affected the penetration of the consolidants, thus partly reducing their effectiveness. Compared to the stone samples, the guano layer experienced a more intense color change, alongside visible cracking. However, the adopted methodology to replicate the cave paintings was not completely successful, as the so-deposited guano layer was very prone to detachment when dry, unlike cave paintings. Future work will be dedicated to assessing the consolidant performance onto samples that resemble even more closely the conditions of the cave paintings, by improving the methodology for the guano layer deposition and by contaminating specimens with soluble salts before consolidant application.

DIGITALIZATION AS A TOOL FOR PRESERVING AND PROMOTING EUROPEAN CULTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Elena V. Vodopiyanova ◽  
◽  
Larisa A. Korobeynikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
European Values

Based on the analysis of official documents of the European Union, and, in particular, introducing the content of the supranational initiative “Creative Europe” for 2021–2027, the article examines the latest trends in the organization of management of Old World culture. It is shown that in the era of formation of the information society, digitalization is becoming a basic tool not only for preserving cultural heritage, but also for promoting modern culture in the region. At the same time, it is established that this digital paradigm is now inseparable not only from the EU's innovation and technology strategies, but also seeks to develop in line with the classical postulates of European values. It is shown that in the modern European information society, digitalization is gradually becoming the main means of broadcasting culture. Thus, it is connected with the cultural system by feedback links, since it is generated by the information society and its determinants, and then it begins to exert almost a determining influence on the nature and pace of cultural dynamics. The study revealed that the digitalization of creativity, accessible to all, is now as fundamental a change as the industrial revolution in the industrial era, and the current Framework programs (including in the field of culture) are aimed at continuing these traditions in the post-industrial era. Most of these initiatives are at least partially implemented in a digital format, when it comes to informing potential participants about them, the application procedure, their subsequent examination and further promotion of the project within the EU and beyond. The author emphasizes that in the current environment, digitalization has a huge impact on how cultural products and processes are created, managed, distributed, consumed and commercialized, changing the values that prevailed in the analog era. It is established that specialists in this field must transform from “analog” to “digital” in order to compete with the culture and creativity available in the networks and at the same time offer digital versions of traditional audiovisual products. The author comes to the conclusion that the formation and expansion of the potential audience of creative industries and cultural heritage is now impossible without innovative formats. And of course, digitalization plays a leading role in them, allowing us to realize the needs primarily in various types of remote cooperation and communication. It is emphasized that this evolution is contradictory: in digital technologies, flexibility is initially programmed. EU directives declaring digitalization, however, are repeatedly agreed at all levels of government, which means that they are objectively late in meeting the needs of time and the aspirations of professionals and consumers in the cultural and creative sphere. However, this contradiction is the key to the progress of modern Creative Europe as a combination of real and virtual activities of Europeans in this area, as well as EU megaproject.

Investigation of the effect of light fastness on the color changes of maps prepared by electrophotographic digital printing

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer Özomay ◽  
Çağla Koşak Söz ◽  
Sinan Sönmez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Electrophotographic Printing ◽  
Effect Of Light

Abstract In this study the prints were made on paper substrates, which were thought as map substrate alternatives, with 3 different surface properties at 1200 dpi by using the electrophotographic printing system. Color and gloss values of the samples were determined both before and after exposure to light for a period of 42 hours to determine the light fastness of the substrate and the print on it. The studies revealed that after the light fastness tests (i) the width of the color universe of the papers with matte surfaces is more than that of the papers with glossy surfaces, (ii) the loss of brightness of woodfree paper is higher than that of the other paper samples and (iii) the print chroma values obtained in woodfree paper is lower than those of the coated surfaces. Moreover, (iv) the delta E 00 {E_{00}} measurements revealed that all paper samples experienced different color losses in different colors, and the most significant differences in these color losses were in magenta and black.

scholarly journals Chitosan – a non-invasive approach for the preservation of historical textiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 576-579
Author(s):  
EVA BOU-BELDA ◽  
LILIANA INDRIE ◽  
DORINA CAMELIA ILIEȘ ◽  
NICOLAIE HODOR ◽  
ZHARAS BERDENOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Cielab Color

Old textiles represent important samples of the mobile cultural heritage, having implications on the social and spirituallife of each population. In order to keep them in the best condition, it is necessary to implement methods to preventdamages, but also to rehabilitate and clean the already affected fabrics. In the case of textiles that need to be treated,a fundamental thing is the unaltered preservation of the initial characteristics of the materials, even after theinterventions. The aim of our study is to test the feasibility of a non-invasive alternative to usual chemicals for cleaningtextiles; Chitosan’s antimicrobial and cleaning effects on a pair of Romanian traditional cotton trousers, from Maramuresarea was analyzed. A few images were taken from SEM of untreated and treated fabric with Chitosan solution usingdifferent magnifications, in order to check the changes on the fabric surface. The purpose was to observe if there aresome color changes after Chitosan treatment, so the CIELAB color values (L, a, b) of untreated and treated sampleswere analyzed. The analysis of the treated samples revealed strong antimicrobial effects of Chitosan

scholarly journals Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extract and its antibacterial activity against Salmonella parathypi A.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Indah Pratiwi ◽  
Any Juliani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Green Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Peel Extract

Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized via green method using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel (RP) extract. RP extract was prepared by washing the RP using tap water thoroughly and boiling it in distilled water at 70°C for 60 min. RP extract and AgNO3 were used as the starting materials for the synthesis of AgNPs. RP extract was added to 10-3 M AgNO3 solution with a ratio by volume of 1:10 (RP : AgNO3), stirred at room temperature. The solution’s color changes from reddish to dark brown, indicating the reduction of Ag+ in the solution. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, FTIR Spectrophotometer, and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) instruments. UV-Visible spectra show that the AgNPs have the maximum absorption band at 450 nm which is typical for AgNPs. The FTIR spectra revealed that the protein in RP extract acts as the capping agent for the synthesized AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were tested for their antibacterial activity against Salmonella parathypi A. The antibacterial test shows that 50 μL of AgNPs resulted in the inhibition zone of 4 mm against the aforementioned microorganism.

scholarly journals Chitosan – a non-invasive approach for the preservation of historical textiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 576-579
Author(s):  
EVA BOU-BELDA ◽  
LILIANA INDRIE ◽  
DORINA CAMELIA ILIEȘ ◽  
NICOLAIE HODOR ◽  
ZHARAS BERDENOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Cielab Color

Old textiles represent important samples of the mobile cultural heritage, having implications on the social and spirituallife of each population. In order to keep them in the best condition, it is necessary to implement methods to preventdamages, but also to rehabilitate and clean the already affected fabrics. In the case of textiles that need to be treated,a fundamental thing is the unaltered preservation of the initial characteristics of the materials, even after theinterventions. The aim of our study is to test the feasibility of a non-invasive alternative to usual chemicals for cleaningtextiles; Chitosan’s antimicrobial and cleaning effects on a pair of Romanian traditional cotton trousers, from Maramuresarea was analyzed. A few images were taken from SEM of untreated and treated fabric with Chitosan solution usingdifferent magnifications, in order to check the changes on the fabric surface. The purpose was to observe if there aresome color changes after Chitosan treatment, so the CIELAB color values (L, a, b) of untreated and treated sampleswere analyzed. The analysis of the treated samples revealed strong antimicrobial effects of Chitosan

scholarly journals Visible color changes estimation in colorimetric determination of chromium (VI) using polymeric sensors

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Gavrilenko ◽  
Sergey V. Muravyov ◽  
Nadezhda V. Saranchina ◽  
Alexey V. Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Color Coordinates ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Solid Phase Spectrophotometry

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The paper describes an application of a kind of optical analytical method, digital color analysis (DCA), using colorimetric polymethacrylate sensors (optodes) in order to determine Cr (VI). The optodes are made of optically transparent polymethacrylate matrix (PMM) with 1.5-diphenylcarbazide immobilized. The developed optode can be used in determination of the analytes using solid phase spectrophotometry and calculating color coordinates as functions of absorbance spectra. Also color coordinates can be represented as basic color (e.g. RGB) data after the optode image digitizing. Then one can determine the content of an analyte in a sample by an appropriate color difference calculated for these coordinates. Experimental results of Cr (VI) determination in tap water show that the DCA relative standard deviation is 8-17 % and recovery is &lt; 12 % at the range of determined concentrations 0.05-1.0 </span><span lang="EN-US">mg·L<sup>–1</sup></span><span lang="EN-US">. The characteristics are comparable with those of the solid phase spectrophotometry.</span></p>

Natural betanin dye extracted from bougainvillea flowers for the naked-eye detection of copper ions in water samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 4977-4982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Khairy ◽  
Mohamed Ismael ◽  
Rafat M. El-Khatib ◽  
Mostafa Abdelnaeem ◽  
Mariam Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Eye Detection ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Naked Eye Detection

A betanin-based colorimetric probe was simply extracted from bougainvillea flowers for the selective detection of Cu2+ ions. The experimental results showed that the betanin pigment could be employed as an optical sensor for Cu2+ with significant color changes in tap water samples.

scholarly journals The Ripening of Local Papaya Cultivars Under Controlled Conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-196
Author(s):  
A. J. Rodríguez ◽  
R. Guadalupe ◽  
L. M. Iguina de George
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Airtight Chamber ◽  
Impaired Quality ◽  
Water Rinse

Studies were conducted to determine a suitable procedure for ripening local papaya cultivars for the local fresh fruit market and for processing. Varietal characteristics and harvesting at the proper stage of maturity proved essential factors for producing high quality ripened papayas. Green papayas from local markets were found to ripen unevenly with impaired quality. Changes in the fruit latex and observations in peel color changes were used as criteria for picking papayas at their optimum maturity. The following ripening procedure was successful in ripening the fruit from local papaya cultivars: Properly harvested fruits were dipped in a hot water bath at 120° F for 20 minutes, followed by a tap water rinse to cool them. The treated papayas were placed in stainless steel trays in an airtight chamber at 77° F and 85 to 95 percent humidity. The chamber was exhausted for 5 minutes after 24 and 48 hours of storage. An ethylene application at the rate of 1:1,000 followed each chamber ventilation period. Papayas from cultivar P.R. 8-65 ripened into good quality fruits in 6 to 7 days under these conditions.

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