scholarly journals A Brief Study on Optical and Mechanical Properties of an Organic Material: Urea Glutaric Acid (2/1)—A Third Order Nonlinear Optical Single Crystal

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
C. Rathika Thaya Kumari ◽  
Ahmed Al Otaibi ◽  
T. Kamaraj ◽  
M. Nageshwari ◽  
G. Mathubala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Glutaric Acid ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Electron Transition ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Cutoff Wavelength

Urea glutaric acid (UGA), an organic crystal, was synthesized and grown using a low temperature solution technique. Single crystal XRD revealed a monoclinic structure with a C2/C space group. The various cell data were identified. The optical parameters were calculated from UV-visible spectrum. The transmittance spectra showed the cutoff wavelength as 240 nm (low) and the energy gap determined from the spectra was compared with the theoretical energy gap. The transition number revealed the electron transition, which corresponded to direct allowed transition. The diverse optical parameters like reflectance, extinction coefficient, refractive index and optical susceptibility were determined. The least value of Urbach energy caused less defects and a good crystalline nature. The steepness value and electron phonon interaction were calculated. The positions of lower and higher band energy levels were identified. Electronic polarizability was found using the Clausius–Mossoti relation and tabulated. The mechanical fitness was measured from Vickers hardness analysis. The nonlinear optical property was measured from Z-scan analysis. Thus, the optical results support the material suitability and fitness for optical and electronic domain applications.

Studies on growth and characterization of nonlinear optical L-tartaric acid–nicotinamide single crystal

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650037 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alexandar ◽  
P. Surendran ◽  
S. Sakthy Priya ◽  
A. Lakshmanan ◽  
P. Rameshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Plasma Energy

Organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of L-tartaric acid–nicotinamide (LTN) has been grown by slow evaporation solution technique at a constant temperature of 40[Formula: see text]C. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterization techniques in order to examine their suitability for various applications. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed that the compound is formed without any impurities. Functional groups and formation of the title compound were confirmed using FTIR analysis. Optical behavior of the material was examined using UV–Vis NIR spectrum analysis and the lower cut-off wavelength and optical band gap energy were calculated. Microhardness, dielectric and piezoelectric studies have been carried out at ambient conditions. Electronic properties such as valence electron plasma energy, Penn gap, Fermi energy and electronic polarizability were calculated by Clausius–Mossotti relation. Photoluminescence analysis was carried out to study the luminescence nature of the crystal and its defect states. In addition photoconductivity, etching studies and powder Kurtz and Perry second harmonic generation (SHG) test were carried out.

Crystal growth and characterization of a semi-organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material: L-phenylalanine cadmium chloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1296-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Jagadeesh ◽  
H.M. Suresh Kumar ◽  
R. Ananda Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Cutoff Wavelength ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Second Harmonic Generation Efficiency

L-phenylalanine cadmium chloride (LPCC) single crystals were grown from aqueous solution using the slow evaporation solution technique. The grown crystals were analyzed through various characterization techniques. Structural study reveals that LPCC belongs to a monoclinic crystal system with the space group P1. The presences of various functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Optical absorption study was carried out and complete transparency in the visible region was observed with a lower cutoff wavelength of 261 nm. The surface morphology was analyzed through scanning electron micrograph studies. LPCC is thermally stable up to 265 °C as determined by thermogravimetric – differential thermal analysis studies. Dielectric behavior as a function of frequency was examined. The mechanical behavior was studied by Vicker’s microhardness tester. To explore the nonlinear optical property, the Kurtz powder method was employed and second harmonic generation efficiency was determined.

Studies on growth and characterization of nicotinium tartrate single crystal: An efficient organic nonlinear optical material

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alexandar ◽  
A. Lakshmanan ◽  
S. Sakthy Priya ◽  
P. Surendran ◽  
P. Rameshkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Organic Single Crystal

Organic single crystal of nicotinium tartrate (NT), an efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) material for frequency conversion, has been grown at a constant temperature at 40[Formula: see text]C within a period of 20 days by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). Structural information and lattice dimensions were determined using powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD) analysis. The functional groups and vibrational frequencies were identified using FTIR spectrum analysis with the range of 4000–450[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. Mechanical properties of the grown crystal were studied using Vickers microhardness tester. The optical properties of grown crystal were investigated using UV–Vis NIR spectrum analysis and it is confirmed that the crystal has very low absorption in the entire visible region. The dislocations and defects were studied by photoluminescence spectrum. The crystal has single stage melting, which was observed at 180[Formula: see text]C and there was no decomposition before its melting point. Piezoelectric, photoconductivity and chemical etching analysis have also been performed on the grown NT single crystals and the observed results were discussed. Nonlinear optical property of the material was measured using the powder Kurtz–Perry technique.

GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCINE HYDROBROMIDE SINGLE CRYSTAL FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 2035-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KIRUBAVATHI ◽  
K. SELVARAJU ◽  
N. VIJAYAN ◽  
S. KUMARARAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Applications

Single crystals of a new semi-organic nonlinear optical material glycine hydrobromide were grown from solution by slow evaporation at room temperature. Good optical quality single crystals with dimensions 17×8×5 mm3 were obtained. The grown crystal had been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals had been derived from Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The optical quality of the grown crystals was analyzed by the Ultraviolet visible spectrum method. The mechanical behavior of the grown crystal was evaluated by Vickers' micro-hardness indentation method. The nonlinear optical property of the crystal was confirmed by the Kurtz powder technique using Nd : YAG laser as a source.

Growth, Vibrational, Optical, Mechanical and DFT Investigations of an Organic Nonlinear Optical Material – Phenylurea

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 1659-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marappan Dinesh ◽  
Palanisamy Maadeswaran ◽  
Mon-Shu Ho ◽  
Balraj Babu ◽  
Sivakumar Chandrasekar
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Optical Material ◽  
Mulliken Charge ◽  
Cutoff Wavelength ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Material

Abstract In this work, combined experimental and computational studies of an organic nonlinear optical material, phenylurea (PU), are reported. Optical quality single crystal of PU, was successfully grown by the slow evaporation method. The unit cell parameters of the grown PU crystal belong to the monoclinic system and these belong to the non-centrosymmetric (NCS), P21, space group. Morphology of the crystal was indexed and it reveals its 14 distinct faces. Vibrational modes of PU functional groups were assigned successfully using FTIR and Raman spectrum. The grown crystal exhibits low cutoff wavelength at UV region with good optical transparency and blue wavelength emission. The preliminary measurements confirmed that second harmonic generation (SHG) activity (∼7.6 KDP and ∼2.2 urea) with excellent laser induced threshold damage (LDT) having a value of 2.92 GW/cm2 (∼1.95 urea). TG/DTA analysis shows that endothermic nature of grown crystal with thermal stability up to 154 °C. The Vickers micro hardness test confirms soft material behavior of PU crystal and it was further explored by crystal void percentage calculation. Electrical properties such as dielectric and photoconductivity measurements were carried out for grown crystal. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) studies such as Mulliken charge distribution, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map and first order hyperpolarizability (β) were determined to probe the structure-property relationship. These results suggest that PU single crystal can be a better alternate for urea in NLO applications.

scholarly journals Growth and Characterization of Adipic Acid Doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate: A Nonlinear Optical Single Crystal

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
R. Manimekalai ◽  
S. Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Cutoff Wavelength ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate ◽  
Hydrogen Phthalate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen

Adipic acid doped potassium hydrogen phthalate (AAKHP) and pure potassium hydrogen phthalate single crystals were grown by slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to determine the lattice parameters in a = 6.47 Å, b = 9.59 Å, c = 13.25 Å and space group of Pca21. This confirms the grown AAKHP belongs to the orthorhombic system. Various diffracting planes of the grown crystal were indexed using powder X-ray diffraction study. Fourier-transform infrared studies confirm the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The transmittance spectrum shows that the lower cutoff wavelength is around 290 nm. The nonlinear optical property of the grown crystal has been studied by Kurtz powder second harmonic generation (SHG) analysis. EDAX analysis confirms the presence of various elements in the AAKHP crystal. Vickers micro-hardness studies are used for the analysis of mechanical behaviour of the grown crystal. The paramagnetic nature of the grown crystal was confirmed by vibration spectrum magnetometer technique.

Preparation and Investigation of  structure, optical , nonlinear optical and thermoelectric properties of  Bi2Se3   thin film

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel Moez ◽  
H A Elmelgeei ◽  
A I Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Tangent Loss ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Dispersion Energy ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility

Abstract Bi2Se3 thin film were prepared using vacuum thermal evaporation technique. the structure and surface topography for this sample were investigated using both of Diffraction Electron Microscope photos (DEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Bi2Se3 thin film had a direct energy gap which was determined by using measured optical parameters such as optical transmittance (T) and optical reflectance (R). The values for both of the oscillating energy ( Eo) ,dispersion energy (Ed) and ratio of the free carrier concentration on the effective mass (N/m*) were determined optically using the calculated values of refractive index (n). The dielectrical parameters such as dielectric loss (ε\) and dielectric tangent loss dielectric loss (ε\\) were calculated. The density of states (DOS) for both of valence band (Nv) and conduction band (Nc) and also position of Fermi level were determined. The nonlinear optical results such as third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)), nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (βc) were determined. The influence of temperature on IV results were studied, finally the dependence of all of Dispersion factor (D), parallel inductance (Lp) and Seebeck coefficient (S) values on temperature for this film were studied.

Growth and characterizations of L-methioninium picrate single crystal for nonlinear optical applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650052 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alexandar ◽  
P. Surendran ◽  
S. Sakthy Priya ◽  
A. Lakshmanan ◽  
P. Rameshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diamond Pyramid ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Applications

An organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of L-methioninium picrate (LMP) has been grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) at a constant temperature of [Formula: see text]C. Formation of nucleation and growth kinetics of the crystal were observed using an optical microscope for different durations and it was found that the shape of nucleation is similar to the grown large size single crystals of the same material. The characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, UV–Vis NIR, Vickers microhardness, piezoelectric d[Formula: see text] coefficient, photoconductivity and etching studies have been performed. The crystal system and lattice parameters of the grown crystal were determined by PXRD analysis. The spectroscopic properties of the synthesized compound were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The UV–Vis NIR analysis was performed on the grown single crystal to find the optical absorption in the entire visible region. Attempts have been made to investigate the mechanical properties of LMP crystal using Vickers diamond pyramid indenter. In addition piezoelectric, photoconductivity and etching studies were carried out to study the d[Formula: see text] coefficient, photoconducting nature and surface properties respectively.

Crystal growth, structural, spectral, optical and mechanical studies of zinc (tris) thiourea sulphate (ZTS) single crystals: A semiorganic non-linear optical material

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Selvapandiyan M ◽  
Arumugam J
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Applications

Zinc-tris thiourea sulphate (ZTS) is one of the promising semiorganic nonlinear optical materials; it is useful for nonlinear optical applications. The grown crystals were subjected to single crystal Xray diffraction, UV-visible spectrum, FTIR, microhardness and SHG studies. Single crystal X- ray diffraction analysis revealed that the grown crystal belongs to orthorhombic system with space groupPca21 . Various functional groups present in the sample were identified by FTIR analysis. UV visible transmittance spectrum shows that the wide transmittance and lower cut-off wavelength. The mechanical property of the grown crystal has been analysed by Vickers microhardness test. Second harmonic generation was confirmed by using Nd: YAG laser. The second harmonic generation results confirmed that the crystal has better nonlinearity than KDP crystal.

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