scholarly journals Congestion Quantification Using the National Performance Management Research Data Set

Data ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Sisiopiku ◽  
Shaghayegh Rostami-Hosuri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Performance

Using National Performance Management Research Data Set for Corridor Performance Measures: A US-281N Corridor Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (42) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Venktesh Pandey ◽  
Natalia Ruiz Juri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Performance ◽  
The Impact

The National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS), made available by Federal Highway Administration in 2013, provides fine-resolution travel-time data, which have been used in numerous network performance management and operations applications. This article discusses corridor-level performance measures computed using the NPMRDS. Three measures are analyzed on a 20.2-mile long corridor in San Antonio, Texas, including corridor travel time, corridor travel-time reliability, and day-to-day variation in travel time. The primary contributions of this article are the analysis of the impact of using two different approaches for travel-time aggregation across segments—instantaneous and time-dependent approaches—and defining a mean absolute error-based method to identify days when travel times significantly deviate from typical traffic conditions. The findings suggest that the temporal patterns of corridor travel times obtained using instantaneous and time-dependent aggregation approaches are similar; however, instantaneous travel-time estimates lead to inaccuracies that become more apparent during peak hours and for longer segments. In addition, it is found that a [Formula: see text]-means clustering analysis performed on daily travel-time profiles provides a useful statistic for corridor performance analysis. Using this methodology, 9.23% of weekdays in the 20-month study period are classified as atypical for the corridor. The numerical results reinforce the value of the NPMRDS in estimating corridor performance measures and highlight potential limitations of traditional techniques for evaluating corridor performance measures when applied in practice to support enhanced traffic planning and operations.

Coupling National Performance Management Research Data Set and the Highway Performance Monitoring System Datasets on a Geospatial Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-592
Author(s):  
Darshan Mukund Pandit ◽  
Kartik Kaushik ◽  
Cinzia Cirillo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Performance ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Vehicle Travel Time ◽  
Road Segments

Integration of various datasets is crucial given the emphasis placed on holistic reporting of performance measures of various variables related to road transportation by the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21) Act. None is more confounding than the merger of geospatial datasets, which is necessary, for example, to combine vehicle travel time and volume information for road segments. Such a merged dataset is released through the National Performance Management Research Dataset (NPMRDS). The NPMRDS is supposed to exclusively cover the National Highway System (NHS) and Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET) sub-selected from the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). However, one finds that the coverage is not perfect. There are not only many extra road segments included in the NPMRDS, but also some NHS/STRAHNET roads segments are not fully covered by corresponding NPMRDS segments. Further, one finds very little literature about the method Texas Transportation Institute uses to orchestrate the conflation. Therefore, it was endeavored to create a conflation algorithm which might perform better. The benchmark for the proposed algorithm is the identification of the segments wrongly conflated during the creation of the NPMRDS geospatial dataset. The proposed methodology uses a combination of five measures of similarity between the HPMS and NPMRDS segments. The proposed method successfully identifies significant numbers of mismatched segments: about 5% excess NPMRDS segments, and about 3% HPMS segments without NPMRDS counterpart.

Developing a Guideline for Setting Targets for National Performance Management Measures to Assess Performance of the National Highway System in South Carolina

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Chowdhury Siddiqui ◽  
Michael Dennis
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
National Performance ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Departments Of Transportation ◽  
Highway System

This paper presents a framework for establishing targets for national system performance measures for reliability. The paper outlines step-by-step procedures followed using the National Performance Management Research Data Set and provides a possible range of estimates for future years’ targets for South Carolina highways. This paper focuses only on the percentage of person-miles traveled on both Interstate and non-Interstate national highway system. The framework presented in this paper is reproducible for other state Departments of Transportation, and accounts for construction projects that might influence the future predicted target number(s).

Validating and Calibrating the Highway Capacity Manual Arterial Travel Time Reliability Methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110266
Author(s):  
Ernest Tufuor ◽  
Laurence Rilett ◽  
Sean Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
National Performance

The 6th edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM6) introduced a methodology for estimating and forecasting arterial travel time (TT) distributions (TTD) and their associated travel time reliability (TTR) metrics. Recently, it was shown that the HCM6 severely underestimated both the TTD and the TTR metrics for a test network in Lincoln, NE, U.S. Subsequently, it was shown that the underestimation issue could be eliminated through a proposed calibration methodology. Because this validation and calibration work was done on a single, relatively short section of arterial roadway there is an open research question on whether this finding applies to longer and more congested arterial roadways. The goal of this paper is to validate and calibrate the HCM6 TTR methodology on five arterial roadway testbeds that are longer and more congested than the original testbed. Empirical data from the National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS) which is managed by INRIX was used to represent the ground truth. Similar to the original study, it was found that the HCM6 TTR methodology severely underestimated the TTDs, and their respective TTR metrics, on all five testbeds. This is problematic, because the HCM6 methodology indicates that the corridors had more reliable TT than the empirical data would suggest. It was also shown that the calibration methodology eliminated this underestimation. It is recommended that users of the HCM6 TTR methodology validate and, if necessary, calibrate the model using local empirical travel data.

scholarly journals Principals between exploitation and exploration: Results of a nationwide study on ambidexterity of school leaders

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322094570
Author(s):  
Marcus Pietsch ◽  
Pierre Tulowitzki ◽  
Colin Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Efficiency Control ◽  
Exploitation And Exploration ◽  
Discontinuous Innovation

Both organizational and management research suggest that schools and their leaders need to be ambidextrous to secure prosperity and long-term survival in dynamic environments characterized by competition and innovation. In this context, ambidexterity refers to the ability to simultaneously pursue exploitation and exploration and thus to deliver efficiency, control and incremental improvements while embracing flexibility, autonomy and discontinuous innovation. Using a unique, randomized and representative data set of N = 405 principals, we present findings on principals’ exploitation and exploration. The results indicate: (a) that principals engage far more often in exploitative than in explorative activities; (b) that exploitative activities in schools are executed at the expense of explorative activities; and (c) that explorative and ambidextrous activities of principals are positively associated with the (perceived) competition between schools. The study brings a novel perspective to educational research and demonstrates that applying the concept of ambidexterity has the potential to further our understanding of effective educational leadership and management.

scholarly journals The Risk of Penetration–Aspiration Related to Residue in the Pharynx

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1608-1617
Author(s):  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Melanie Peladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Emily Barrett ◽  
Talia S. Wolkin
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pharyngeal Residue ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
New Material ◽  
Thin Liquids ◽  
Penetration Aspiration Scale

Purpose Reference data from healthy adults under the age of 60 years suggest that the 75th and 95th percentiles for pharyngeal residue on swallows of thin liquids are 1% and 3%(C2-4) 2 , respectively. We explored how pharyngeal residue below versus above these values prior to a swallow predicts penetration–aspiration. Method The study involved retrospective analysis of a previous research data set from 305 adults at risk for dysphagia. Participants swallowed six thin boluses and three each of mildly, moderately, and extremely thick barium in videofluoroscopy. Raters measured preswallow residue in %(C2-4) 2 units and Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores for each swallow. Swallows were classified as (a) “clean baseline” (with no preswallow residue), (b) “clearing” swallows of residue with no new material added, or (c) swallows of “additional material” plus preswallow residue. Frequencies of PAS scores of ≥ 3 were compared across swallow type by consistency according to residue severity (i.e., ≤ vs. > 1%(C2-4) 2 and ≤ vs. > 3%(C2-4) 2 . Results The data set comprised 2,541 clean baseline, 209 clearing, and 1,722 swallows of additional material. On clean baseline swallows, frequencies of PAS scores of ≥ 3 were 5% for thin and mildly thick liquids and 1% for moderately/extremely thick liquids. Compared to clean baseline swallows, the odds of penetration–aspiration on thin liquids increased 4.60-fold above the 1% threshold and 4.20-fold above the 3% threshold (mildly thick: 2.11-fold > 1%(C2-4) 2 , 2.26-fold > 3%(C2-4) 2 ). PAS scores of ≥ 3 did not occur with clearing swallows of moderately/extremely thick liquids. Lower frequencies of above-threshold preswallow residue were seen for swallows of additional material than for clearing swallows. Compared to clean baseline swallows, the odds of PAS scores of ≥ 3 on swallows of additional material increased ≥ 1.86-fold above the 1% threshold and ≥ 2.15-fold above the 3% threshold, depending on consistency. Conclusion The data suggest that a pharyngeal residue threshold of 1%(C2-4) 2 is a meaningful cut-point for delineating increased risk of penetration–aspiration on a subsequent swallow.

scholarly journals Russian Regional Politicians’ Income and Property Declarations: a Pilot Study and Quality Assessment of Administrative Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-34
Author(s):  
Tatyana Cherkashina
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Problems

The article presents the experience of converting non-targeted administrative data into research data, using as an example data on the income and property of deputies from local legislative bodies of the Russian Federation for 2019, collected as part of anticorruption operations. This particular empirical fragment was selected for the pilot study of administrative data, which includes assessing the possibility of integrating scattered fragments of information into a single database, assessing quality of data and their relevance for solving research problems, particularly analysis of high-income strata and the apparent trends towards individualization of private property. The system of indicators for assessing data quality includes their timeliness, availability, interpretability, reliability, comparability, coherence, errors of representation and measurement, and relevance. In the case of the data set in question, measurement errors are more common than representation errors. Overall the article emphasizes the notion that introducing new non-target data into circulation requires their preliminary testing, while data quality assessment becomes distributed both in time and between different subjects. The transition from created data to «obtained» data shifts the functions of evaluating its quality from the researcher-creator to the researcheruser. And though in this case data quality is in part ensured by the legal support for their production, the transformation of administrative data into research data involves assessing a variety of quality measurements — from availability to uniformity and accuracy.

Sharing Open Data in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-266
Author(s):  
Liah Shonhe
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Prolific Authors

The main focus of the study was to explore the practices of open data sharing in the agricultural sector, including establishing the research outputs concerning open data in agriculture. The study adopted a desktop research methodology based on literature review and bibliographic data from WoS database. Bibliometric indicators discussed include yearly productivity, most prolific authors, and enhanced countries. Study findings revealed that research activity in the field of agriculture and open access is very low. There were 36 OA articles and only 6 publications had an open data badge. Most researchers do not yet embrace the need to openly publish their data set despite the availability of numerous open data repositories. Unfortunately, most African countries are still lagging behind in management of agricultural open data. The study therefore recommends that researchers should publish their research data sets as OA. African countries need to put more efforts in establishing open data repositories and implementing the necessary policies to facilitate OA.

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