scholarly journals A Revised PFMEA Approach for Reliable Design of Assembly Activities

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Marcello Braglia ◽  
Davide Castellano ◽  
Roberto Gabbrielli ◽  
Leonardo Marrazzini
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Reliable Design

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel process failure mode and effect analysis (PFMEA) approach for the reliable design of assembly activities to prevent product defects due to errors during the assembly of complex products. PFMEA is approached as an integrated method that, in addition to implementing recommended actions, supports the design of worksheets, equipment, and layout of the assembly lines of complex systems, early in the design phase of the product. As a result, the innovative design-job element sheets (D-JESs), which report work instructions to the operator for assembly cycles, are defined before the design of the production and assembly process. The modification of the PFMEA structure, the implementation of proper recommended actions, and the designs of D-JESs, equipment, and assembly layout, early in the design phase of the product, are the novel contributions of the paper. The integrated method assures to effectively design the assembly process directly during the product design to avoid errors that could promote dissatisfaction of the end-users. It is practical to use and does not require large investments, implementation of new technologies, or complex additional training. Its practical application is demonstrated using a case study concerning a manufacturer of train wagons via manual assembly lines.

scholarly journals Digital platforms and responsible innovation: expanding value sensitive design to overcome ontological uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Mark de Reuver ◽  
Aimee van Wynsberghe ◽  
Marijn Janssen ◽  
Ibo van de Poel
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
Ontological Uncertainty

Abstract In this paper, we argue that the characteristics of digital platforms challenge the fundamental assumptions of value sensitive design (VSD). Traditionally, VSD methods assume that we can identify relevant values during the design phase of new technologies. The underlying assumption is that there is only epistemic uncertainty about which values will be impacted by a technology. VSD methods suggest that one can predict which values will be affected by new technologies by increasing knowledge about how values are interpreted or understood in context. In contrast, digital platforms exhibit a novel form of uncertainty, namely, ontological uncertainty: even with full information and overview, it cannot be foreseen what users or developers will do with digital platforms. Hence, predictions about which values are affected might not hold. In this paper, we suggest expanding VSD methods to account for value dynamism resulting from ontological uncertainty. Our expansions involve (1) extending VSD to the entire lifecycle of a platform, (2) broadening VSD through the addition of reflexivity, i.e. second-order learning about what values to aim at, and (3) adding specific tools of moral sandboxing and moral prototyping to enhance such reflexivity. While we illustrate our approach with a short case study about ride-sharing platforms such as Uber, our approach is relevant for other technologies exhibiting ontological uncertainty as well, such as machine learning, robotics and artificial intelligence.

Risk Evaluation Approach in Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of Automotive Headlamp Assembly

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Shukriah Abdullah ◽  
Aziz Abdul Faieza
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Process Failure

Headlamp assembly entailed a complex assembly process and error in assembled can result in technical problem and higher reject rate at the end of the assembly process. A study has been conducted, in one of the automotive headlamp assembly in Malaysia, where there are numerous defect detected during the assembly process, such as metal spacing missing, wrong model housing, wrong sticker affix, wrong orientation with a total of 80% defects detected. Currently the headlamps are assembled with no dimensional control, results in high physical nonconformity product. The main objective of this project is to identify potential failure in headlamp assembly process. The approach used was risk assessment tool which is Process Failure Mode and Effect. This work also developed the corrective action plan for accurate ranking of Failure Modes by Risk Priority Number-based method and implement it to the process assembly. The result showed that there was increased of 5% in preventive action and 4% increment of the detection action

Cobot And Robot Risk Assessment (CARRA) method: an Automation Level-Based Safety Assessment Tool to Improve Fluency in Safe Human Cobot/Robot Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 737-741
Author(s):  
Richard T. Stone ◽  
Shamika Pujari ◽  
Ahmad Mumani ◽  
Colten Fales ◽  
Mohammed Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Process Failure

Cobots and robots are integral to automated manufacturing operations. Although there are many studies in the field of industrial robots and cobots to make them safer the number of OSHA accidents due to cobots and robots has not decreased. Even though these cobots are considered inherently safe, they open more probability for accidents because they are not caged. Therefore, it is necessary for the manufacturing industries using cobots to consider the risk involved in human cobot interaction and the ways to attain safety and lower the risk of injury before installing cobots on assembly lines. A user-centric tool was developed to perform an ergonomic risk assessment using process- failure mode effect analysis for different automation levels in human-cobot interaction. The tool suggests recommended actions and various options to eliminate physical injuries. The results provide insights about safety analysis that can be used by manufacturers to improve safe human cobot interaction.

scholarly journals Barriers to BIM Adoption in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline V. Arrotéia ◽  
Raissa C. Freitas ◽  
Silvio B. Melhado
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
Design And Construction

Purpose: The research goal was to investigate the main barriers faced by a large Brazilian construction company in their efforts to thoroughly implement BIM. This study focused on the analysis of understanding the barriers to BIM adoption and the usage of 3/4 dimensions (3D/4D) on the development of an infrastructure project.Research methodology: The research methodology was exploratory and qualitative, carried out through a single-case study approach made upon bibliographical research, company document analysis, project document analysis, interviews, informal conversations, and observations. The research methodology was developed in six months (from June to December 2019) divided into three main phases: phase 1: definition and design; phase 2: preparation and collection; phase 3: data analysis and conclusion. Data collection was developed using a semistructured research protocol with two different semistructured questionnaires: the first questionnaire aimed at collecting data regarding BIM implementation in the company’s organizational context; the second one focused on the understanding of BIM adoption in the project and on the investigation of the main barriers related to the usage of 3D and 4D modeling in the project studied.Findings: Regarding BIM implementation in the company, although the company studied is a construction company in the infrastructure sector, BIM was considered more efficient in the design phase and flawed in the construction phase. Findings have shown that BIM has improved the information management of the design itself and its interface with the construction phase. In relation to the usage of BIM in the project, a more collaborative work environment was noticed due to the effectiveness of communication between the design and construction teams on the job site. With respect to the usage of 3D/4D modeling in the project studied, the difficulties in extracting information from the 3D model have disabled the usage of 4D modeling during the construction phase. Therefore, the difficulties reported were identified as an opportunity to map deficiencies in the BIM model in order to define parameters for the new project proposals and to automate the process of receiving the model and checking for inconsistencies or lack of information.Implications for Research and Practice: The case study is an example that BIM as a technological tool is not able to promote an integrated design and construction interface by itself. It is necessary to integrate BIM as an integrated process with structured management methods and tools. From our perspective, we understand that contracts should change, including construction stakeholders in the very beginning of the design process fostering collaboration across stakeholders such as designers, design and construction managers, suppliers, and subcontractors, thereby achieving a higher level of improvement potentially carried on by the new technologies allied to management practices. With regard to the nature of this article, it is important to make it clear that the results from this study were based on the Brazilian construction industry only.Limitations: The research is a single-case study; therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. Most of the data were dependent on the interviewees’ self-reported perceptions. We suggest new studies should be conducted with other construction companies in the Brazilian context, comparing companies with different organizational structures and sizes and other types of projects.

scholarly journals PAL-VMEA: A Novel Method for Enhancing Decision-Making Consistency in Maintenance Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8040
Author(s):  
Marjorie M. Bellinello ◽  
Miguel A. C. Michalski ◽  
Arthur H. A. Melani ◽  
Adherbal Caminada Netto ◽  
Carlos A. Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Different Sources

Decision-making regarding maintenance planning has become increasingly critical. In view of the need for more assertive decisions, methods, and tools based on failure analysis, performance indicators, and risk analysis have obtained great visibility. One of these methods, the Variation and Mode Effect Analysis (VMEA), is a statistically based method that analyses the effect of different sources of variations on a system. One great advantage of VMEA is to facilitate the understanding of these variations and to highlight the system areas in which improvement efforts should be directed. However, like many knowledge-based methods, the inherent epistemic uncertainty can be propagated to its result, influencing following decisions. To minimize this issue, this work proposes the novel combination of VMEA with Paraconsistent Annotated Logic (PAL), a technique that withdraws the principle of noncontradiction, allowing better decision-making when contradictory opinions are present. To demonstrate the method applicability, a case study analyzing a hydrogenerator components is presented. Results show how the proposed method is capable of indicating which are the failure modes that most affect the analyzed system, as well as which variables must be monitored so that the symptoms related to each failure mode can be observed, helping in decision-making regarding maintenance planning.

Configuration Rules for Assembly Line Layouts: An Integrated Approach for the Preliminary Design

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Furini ◽  
Andrea Ascheri ◽  
Giorgio Colombo ◽  
Massimo Ippolito ◽  
Eleonora Atzeni
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Knowledge Based

The design and the configuration of manufacturing systems, such as assembly lines layouts, are time consuming activities, mainly based on implicit knowledge and no definite rules. This complicated design process is associated with high costs, long lead times and high probability of risks and reworks. Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) is a technique that can tackle these issues and support the engineers in the early design steps of a manufacturing system with a comprehensive and systematic approach, into the integrated design in a complex system and its related processes. The purpose of this research involve the use of KBE methodology in order to collect and formalize knowledge about the a case study, the design of an assembly line layout system for the cylinder head valve of a car engine. With the formalization of the case study is possible to create an application of configuration that supports the decision making process during the preliminary design phase. The possibility to extend the process to a multi objective optimization is considered. The methodology should be able to help manufacturing equipment providers to shrink design times, evaluating more alternatives and integrating different activities related to the preliminary design phase of a system. This research proposes a practical approach combining the current research state of the art and a real industrial environment for knowledge extraction and application.

scholarly journals Increased line efficiency by improved work methods with the ECRS concept in a washing machine production: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Asariella Findya Octa Pertiwi ◽  
Rahmaniyah Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Line Balancing ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Work Method ◽  
Machine Assembly

The Assembly line is the assembly process that is carried out based on the order of the production process in the production line. The problem that is often found in assembly lines is bottleneck conditions where some material piled up at the station. This situation indicates an imbalance in the production line. The improvement of the work method is one of the effective ways that can increase line efficiency. This study presents an increase in line efficiency by improving working methods in a washing machine assembly line of PT.X. The study aimed to increase the value of line efficiency by improving work methods. In this study, improvements were made using the line balancing method and Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify (ECRS) concept. The results that have been done, the obtained value of line efficiency for washing machine products is 76.76%. This value has not reached the company's productivity target of 99.50%. Therefore it is necessary to improve the assembling line to increase the value of product production. The proposed improvements made with improvements to the work methods on the assembling line obtained 89.38% results is to increase the amount of line efficiency by improving work methods.

scholarly journals THE SHORTENING AND THE AUTOMATION OF PAYMENTS: THE POTENTIALITY OF SMART CONTRACT IN THE AECO SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Martino Di Giuda ◽  
Paolo Ettore Giana ◽  
Giulia Pattini
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Project Complexity

The research aims to implement Blockchain in Smart Contract in the design phase to reduce the financial exposition of SMEs. The adoption of Smart Contract, streamlining and accelerating the payments, shows up as a potential revolution of the traditional contractual framework. However, due to the increasing fragmentation and project complexity, the AECO sector is accused of slowness in accommodating and propagating new technologies. The Smart Contract can embed a Blockchain protocol that executes the predefined and agreed clauses by the contracting parties automatically and autonomously. It is a smooth and predictable data-driven process in which, at the after each clause, the payment is automatically issued, ensuring the shortening of payments. In the construction sector, the transaction delay represents a relevant problem that is responsible for disputes and economic disadvantages for the SMEs. Therefore, the paper investigates the process of digitalization starting from Smart Contract. The research is applied to the design phase developed in a BIM environment, pointing out both the advantages and the limitations, especially in the actual legislation. The Smart Contract features allow the entire supply chain to be protected against insolvencies due to late payments, improving process efficiency, and reducing payout times. From the results obtained in this research, the approach could be applied to a real case study and extended to the overall construction process.

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