scholarly journals The Role of Imaging Biomarkers in the Assessment of Sarcopenia

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sanz-Requena ◽  
Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau ◽  
Ana Pablos-Monzó ◽  
Cristina Flor-Rufino ◽  
Joaquín Barrachina-Igual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Actions

Background: The diagnosis of sarcopenia through clinical assessment has some limitations. The literature advises studies that include objective markers along with clinical assessment in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic criteria. The decrease of muscle quality precedes the loss of quantity, so we studied the role magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers as indicators of the quantity and quality of muscle in sarcopenia patients. Methods: a cross-sectional analysis was performed to analyze what MR-derived imaging parameters correlate better with sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in women of 70 years of age and over (independent walking and community-dwelling women who were sarcopenic in accordance with EWGSOP criteria with muscle mass adjusted to Spanish population were chosen). Results: The study included 26 women; 81 ± 8 years old. A strong correlation was obtained between cineanthropometric variables (BMI; thigh perimeter and fat mass) and imaging biomarkers (muscle/fat ratio, fatty infiltration, muscle T2*, water diffusion coefficient, and proton density fat fraction) with coefficients around 0.7 (absolute value). Conclusions: Knowing the correlation of clinical parameters and imaging-derived muscle quality indicators can help to identify older women at risk of developing sarcopenia at an early stage. This may allow taking preventive actions to decrease disability, morbidity, and mortality in sarcopenia patients.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive markers of passive suicidal ideation in late-life depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Jordan ◽  
Christina F. Chick ◽  
Camarin E. Rolle ◽  
Nathan Hantke ◽  
Christine E. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inhibitory Ability

ABSTRACT Objectives: (1) To delineate whether cognitive flexibility and inhibitory ability are neurocognitive markers of passive suicidal ideation (PSI), an early stage of suicide risk in depression and (2) to determine whether PSI is associated with volumetric differences in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in middle-aged and older adults with depression. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University medical school. Participants: Forty community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults with depression from a larger study of depression and anxiety (NIMH R01 MH091342-05 PI: O’Hara). Measurements: Psychiatric measures were assessed for the presence of a DSM-5 depressive disorder and PSI. A neurocognitive battery assessed cognitive flexibility, inhibitory ability, as well as other neurocognitive domains. Results: The PSI group (n = 18) performed significantly worse on cognitive flexibility and inhibitory ability, but not on other neurocognitive tasks, compared to the group without PSI (n = 22). The group with PSI had larger left mid-frontal gyri (MFG) than the no-PSI group. There was no association between cognitive flexibility/inhibitory ability and left MFG volume. Conclusions: Findings implicate a neurocognitive signature of PSI: poorer cognitive flexibility and poor inhibitory ability not better accounted for by other domains of cognitive dysfunction and not associated with volumetric differences in the left MFG. This suggests that there are two specific but independent risk factors of PSI in middle- and older-aged adults.

scholarly journals Correlations Between MRI Biomarkers PDFF and cT1 With Histopathological Features of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Dennis ◽  
Matt D. Kelly ◽  
Carolina Fernandes ◽  
Sofia Mouchti ◽  
Jonathan A. Fallowfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

IntroductionLate stage clinical trials in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are currently required by the FDA to use liver biopsy as a primary endpoint. The well-reported limitations with biopsy, such as associated risks and sampling error, coupled with patient preference, are driving investigation into non-invasive alternatives. MRI-derived biomarkers proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and iron-corrected T1 mapping (cT1) are gaining traction as emerging alternatives to biopsy for NASH. Our aim was to explore the correlations between cT1 and PDFF (from LiverMultiScan®), with the histological components on the NAFLD-NASH spectrum in a large cohort of cross-sectional data, in order to calibrate the measurement to histology, and to infer what might constitute a clinically meaningful change when related to the FDA’s criteria.Materials and MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of data combined from three previously published observational NASH studies, in which adult participants who underwent liver biopsy on suspicion of NAFLD or NASH and had an MRI scan measuring cT1 and PDFF (LiverMultiScan®, Perspectum Ltd, UK), associations between imaging biomarkers and histology were tested using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs), and further exploration of the relationships between the imaging variables and histology were performed using linear regression.ResultsN = 264 patients with mean age of 54 (SD:9.9), 39% female, and 69% with BMI ≥ 30kg.m−2 were included in the analysis. cT1 and PDFF both correlated with all features of the NAFLD activity score (NAS). cT1 was also positively correlated with Kleiner-Brunt fibrosis. Partial correlations, adjusting for steatosis, revealed cT1 correlated with inflammation and fibrosis, whereas PDFF did not, and both were still associated with the NAS, but correlation was weaker with PDFF than cT1. An estimated difference of 88 ms in cT1, or 21% relative difference in PDFF was related to a two-point difference in overall NAS.ConclusionThe correlations between cT1 and PDFF with the histopathological hallmarks of NASH demonstrate the potential utility of both cT1 and PDFF as non-invasive biomarkers to detect a pharmacodynamic change in NASH, with cT1 showing superiority for detecting changes in inflammation and fibrosis, rather than liver fat alone.

scholarly journals Correlation of Paraspinal Muscle Mass With Decompensation of Sagittal Adult Spinal Deformity After Setting of Fatigue Post 10-Minute Walk

Neurospine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Junseok Bae ◽  
Ashwin Sathe ◽  
Shih-Min Lee ◽  
Alexander A. Theologis ◽  
Vedat Deviren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Paraspinal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sagittal Deformity

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in spinopelvic parameters before and after the setting of muscle fatigue along with its correlation with pre-existing paraspinal and psoas muscle mass.Methods: Single-center retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted on 145-adults with symptomatic loss of lumbar lordosis (LL). Radiographs were taken before and after walking for 10 minutes. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate paraspinal muscle (PSM) cross-sectional area (CSA), mean signal intensity, fatty infiltration (FI), and lean muscle mass at thoracolumbar junction (T12) and lower lumbar level (L4). Psoas CSA was calculated at L3. Patients were divided into 2 groups namely compensated sagittal deformity (CSD) (SVA ≤ 4 cm, PT > 20°) and decompensated sagittal deformity (DSD) (SVA > 4 cm, PT > 20°) based on prewalk measurements.Results: Initial mean SVA was 1.8 cm and 11 cm for CSD and DSD respectively (p < 0.01). After walking, significant deteriorations in SVA, PT–LL (p < 0.01) were observed in CSD without significant change in thoracic kyphosis (TK). All sagittal parameters in DSD deteriorated significantly. DSD group had significantly poorer PSM quality at T12 and L4 compared to CSD group. In CSD group, sagittal decompensation correlated with muscle quality, i.e. , decreases in LL (ΔLL) correlated with CSA of PSM/vertebral body (VB) at L4 (r = -0.412, p = 0.046) while increases in TK (ΔTK) correlated with CSA of PSM/VB at T12 (r = 0.477, p = 0.018). ΔSVA and ΔPT correlated with FI at L4 (r = 0.577, p = 0.003 and r = -0.407, p = 0.048, respectively). DSD group, had weak correlations (-0.3 < r < -0.1) between changes in sagittal and PSM parameters.Conclusion: PSM quality in adults with spinal deformity correlates with patients’ ability to maintain an upright posture and sagittal decompensation after walking for 10 minutes.

scholarly journals Clinical Applicability of Gait Analysis in the Early Detection of Cognitive Decline: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Roman de Mettelinge ◽  
Patrick Desimpelaere ◽  
Dirk Cambier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract BACKGROUND Although promising results concerning dual-task gait predicting dementia progression in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment have been established, the question remains whether this can also be applied to older adults who are not yet suffering from overt cognitive impairments. Spatiotemporal gait analysis has proven to be valuable and reliable in this context. Nevertheless, these instruments are not common in clinical environments. This study aims to investigate whether easy applicable, inexpensive instruments can be used in the detection of gait alterations associated with early cognitive decrements.METHODS Eighty-two healthy community-dwelling older adults (age 60-89) with a MMSE ≥27 were enrolled in this study. Gait analyses using 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and GAITRite-instrument were performed under single and dual-task conditions. Performance on MMSE, CDT, MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, Digit Span Forward and Digit Span Backward were registered. Based on the tertiles of dual-task costs (DTC), subjects were categorized as “poor walkers” or “good walkers”. Comparative and predictive statistical analyses were conducted.RESULTS During both types of dual-task 10MWT “poor walkers” performed significantly worse on CDT, MMSECDT, TMT-A and Digit Span Backward compared to “good walkers”. Spatiotemporal gait analysis revealed that temporal DTC resulted in poorer performance on MMSE, CDT, MMSECDT and MoCA orientation whereas spatial DTC showed significantly lower scores on MoCA language, TMT-B and ΔTMT for “poor walkers” compared to “good walkers”. The effort it took to perform either the verbal fluency or the arithmetic dual-task during 10MWT predicted TMT-A and Digit Span Backward outcome. Regarding spatiotemporal dual-task gait analysis, performance on MMSE could be predicted by DTC stride velocity and performance on MoCA language could be predicted by DTC step and stride length.CONCLUSIONS Poor walking abilities can be associated with early cognitive decrements, even in a very early stage when cognitive performance is still more or less intact. Poor walking performance might therefore be considered a clinical precursor or warning signal for beginning cognitive decline. The subtle cognitive and gait decrements can be identified using inexpensive tools, which are easy applicable in all clinical settings.Trial registration Not applicable

scholarly journals Comparison of Muscle Density in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults Between a High-Altitude Area (Kunming) and a Low-Altitude Area (Beijing)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingli Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Meng Gao ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Kai Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Density ◽  
Low Altitude

Background and PurposeA high-altitude environment was known to have a negative effect on bone and lead to a higher incidence of hip fracture. However, the dependence of muscle composition on altitude is unclear. Thus, we aimed to compare muscle density and area in plateau and low altitude area and to determine the effect of the altitude on these outcomes.MethodsCommunity dwelling adults over 60 years old living in Beijing (elevation 50 m; 300 subjects,107 men and 193 women) or Kunming (elevation 2000 m; 218 subjects,83 men and 135 women) for more than 10 years were enrolled. Quantitative CT was performed in all subjects and cross-sectional area and attenuation measured in Hounsfield units (HU) were determined for the trunk, gluteus, and mid-thigh muscles.ResultsCompared to Beijing, Kunming adults were slimmer (Beijing men vs Kunming men: 25.08 ± 2.62 vs 23.94 ± 3.10kg/m2, P=0.013; Beijing women vs Kunming women: 25.31 ± 3.1 vs 23.98 ± 3.54 kg/m2, P= 0.001) and had higher muscle density in the L2-trunk and gluteus maximus muscles after adjustment for age and BMI (L2-trunk muscles: Beijing men 29.99 ± 4.17 HU vs Kunming men 37.35 ± 4.25 HU, P&lt; 0.0001; Beijing women 27.37 ± 3.76 HU vs Kunming women 31.51 ± 5.12 HU, P&lt; 0.0001; Gluteus maximus muscle: Beijing men 35.11 ± 6.54 HU vs Kunming men 39.36 ± 4.39 HU, P= 0.0009; Beijing women 31.47 ± 6.26 HU vs Kunming women 34.20 ± 5.87 HU P=0.0375). Age was similar in both cohorts and no differences were observed in the gluteus medius and minimus muscle or the mid-thigh muscle, either in the area or density.ConclusionsCompared with Beijing, the adults in Kunming had higher muscle density of the gluteus maximus and L2 trunk muscles, showing that living at a higher altitude might be beneficial to muscle quality.

Perceived Voice Disorders in Older Adults and Impact on Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Connie K. Porcaro ◽  
Clare Singer ◽  
Boris Djokic ◽  
Ali A. Danesh ◽  
Ruth Tappen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose Many aging individuals, even those who are healthy, report voice changes that can impact their ability to communicate as they once did. While this is commonly reported, most do not seek evaluation or management for this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences in voice disorders in older adults, along with the effect of fatigue on their social interactions. Method This is a cross-sectional investigation of a community-dwelling sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Questionnaire on Vocal Performance, the Social Engagement Index subset “Engagement in Social or Leisure Activities,” and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Results Results indicated 32.5% of the 332 participants reported symptoms of voice problems with no difference found between male and female respondents. A slight increase in report of voice problems was noted with each year of age. Participants who self-reported voice problems indicated less interaction in social activities involving communication than those who did not. Finally, as severity of self-reported voice problems increased, an increase was reported by the same individuals for signs of fatigue. Conclusions Voice problems and resulting decreased social interaction are commonly experienced by older individuals. Voice symptoms in older adults have been found to benefit from evidence-based treatment strategies. It is critical to provide education to encourage older individuals to seek appropriate evaluation and management for voice issues through a speech-language pathologist or medical professional.

Diagnostics of metal samples using the results of experimental and theoretical study of positively charged microparticles formed upon sample destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Golentsov ◽  
A. G. Gulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Likhter ◽  
K. E. Ulybyshev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Using Data

Destruction of bodies is accompanied by formation of both large and microscopic fragments. Numerous experiments on the rupture of different samples show that those fragments carry a positive electric charge. his phenomenon is of interest from the viewpoint of its potential application to contactless diagnostics of the early stage of destruction of the elements in various technical devices. However, the lack of understanding the nature of this phenomenon restricts the possibility of its practical applications. Experimental studies were carried out using an apparatus that allowed direct measurements of the total charge of the microparticles formed upon sample rupture and determination of their size and quantity. The results of rupture tests of duralumin and electrical steel showed that the size of microparticles is several tens of microns, the particle charge per particle is on the order of 10–14 C, and their amount can be estimated as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample at the point of discontinuity to the square of the microparticle size. A model of charge formation on the microparticles is developed proceeding from the experimental data and current concept of the electron gas in metals. The model makes it possible to determine the charge of the microparticle using data on the particle size and mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Model estimates of the total charge of particles show order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data.

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