scholarly journals Aldosterone-Mediated Sodium Retention Is Reflected by the Serum Sodium to Urinary Sodium to (Serum Potassium)2 to Urinary Potassium (SUSPPUP) Index

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Evelien Kanaan ◽  
Matthias Haase ◽  
Oliver Vonend ◽  
Martin Reincke ◽  
Matthias Schott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Aldosterone To Renin Ratio ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Parallel Measurements

The serum sodium to urinary sodium ratio divided by the (serum potassium)2 to urinary potassium ratio (SUSPPUP formula) reflects aldosterone action. We here prospectively investigated into the usefulness of the SUSPPUP ratio as a diagnostic tool in primary hyperaldosteronism. Parallel measurements of serum and urinary sodium and potassium concentrations (given in mmol/L) in the fasting state were done in 225 patients. Of them, 69 were diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA), 102 with essential hypertension (EH), 26 with adrenal insufficiency (AI) and 28 did not suffer from the above-mentioned disorders and were assigned to the reference group (REF). The result of the SUSPPUP formula was highest in the PA group (7.4, 4.2–12.3 L/mmol), followed by EH (3.2, 2.3–4.3 L/mmol), PA after surgery (3.9, 3.0–6.0 L/mmol), REF (3.4 ± 1.4 L/mmol) and AI (2.9 +/− 1.2 L/mmol). The best sensitivity in distinguishing PA from EH was reached by multiplication of the aldosterone to renin-ratio (ARR) with the SUSPPUP formula (92.7% at a cut off > 110 L/mmol), highest specificity was reached by the SUSPPUP determinations (87.2%). The integration of the SUSPPUP ratio into the ARR helps to improve the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism substantially.

Effect of Histamine on Electrocardiograms and Serum Electrolytes of Intact, Cortisone-Treated and Adrenalectomized Hamsters

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick N. Sudak ◽  
Leland C. Wyman ◽  
George P. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
S Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Following toxic doses of histamine in golden hamsters there was progressively increasing bradycardia in those which died and a compensatory tachycardia in survivors. The T wave of the EKG increased, especially in those animals which succumbed, and decreased as terminus approached. Except for terminal lowering there were no striking changes in the P wave. Other changes were occasional Q waves, lowered R waves and deeper S waves, and impaired conduction. Pretreatment of intact hamsters with 12 daily doses of cortisone acetate lowered both serum sodium and potassium. Hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia were present terminally in intact hamsters dying from histamine intoxication. Pretreatment with cortisone tended to alleviate these changes but did not entirely prevent the terminal rise in serum potassium. Adrenalectomized hamsters exhibited hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia, both becoming greater as death approached. Maintenance therapy with cortisone did not restore a normal serum sodium but did reduce serum potassium to normal or below. Adrenalectomized hamsters poisoned by small doses of histamine had EKG and serum electrolyte changes similar to those dying from adrenal insufficiency. Replacement therapy prevented these changes.

scholarly journals Association between 24 h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Dietary Intake in Japanese Male Adolescent Football Players

Adolescents ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472
Author(s):  
Yosuke Nagashima ◽  
Akiko Horikawa ◽  
Mari Mori
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Male Adolescent ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

High urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio is considered a strong risk factor for hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, and we analyzed these levels associated with dietary intake in Japanese adolescent football players. This cross-sectional study included 120 Japanese male adolescent football players. Over 24 h, urine was collected and measured for creatinine, sodium, and potassium levels. A dietary assessment was performed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The study analyzed 79 participants. The mean urinary sodium was 143.2 mmol/day, urinary potassium was 42.8 mmol/day, and the mean urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio was 3.6. Compared with the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes, the estimated salt intake was 73.4% for the participants who exceeded the sodium intake, and the estimated potassium intake was 73.4% for the participants who did not satisfy it. Multiple regression analysis revealed that milk and dairy product intake was independently and positively associated with urinary potassium (β = 0.252) and independently and negatively associated with the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (β = −0.254). Adolescent football players had a high-sodium and low-potassium diet, well above the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes recommendations. Milk and dairy products could be effective for increasing urinary potassium and decreasing the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio.

scholarly journals 24-h Urinary Sodium and Potassium and Their Association with Clinical Features of Migraine Headache

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Arab ◽  
Fariborz Khorvash ◽  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Gholamreza Askari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Model ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Abstract Aim: There is a paucity of evidence regarding the association between sodium and potassium with migraine. To explore the possible relationship between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium with clinical features of migraine patients, we conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 262 participants aged 20-50 years, with a diagnosis of migraine were included. One 24-h urine sample was collected by each subject to estimate sodium and potassium intake. Clinical features of migraine including frequency, duration, severity, migraine headache index score (MHIS), and headache impact test (HIT) were assessed. The serum nitric oxide values were assessed using the Griess method. Multiple linear regression analysis was used and beta (β) and 95% corresponding confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results: The 24-h urinary sodium was significantly associated with frequency (Model 3: β=1.86, 95%CI (0.10, 3.62); P=0.038), duration (Model 2: β=0.38, 95%CI (0.11, 0.66); P=0.006) and MHIS (Model 3: β=0.19, 95%CI (0.01, 0.37); P=0.034). Also, there was a significant association between Na/K ratio and MHIS (Model 2: β=0.16, 95%CI (0.003, 0.33); P=0.045). There was no significant relationship between 24-h urinary potassium and any of the intended variables (all P values <0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that reducing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake could be used as a useful and novel approach to improve clinical findings of migraine and associated burden of disease. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings and to discover mechanisms that mediate the association between sodium and potassium intake with migraine headache.

Serum Sodium and Potassium Distribution and Characteristics in the US Population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J Overwyk ◽  
Christine M Pfeiffer ◽  
Renee J Storandt ◽  
Lixia Zhao ◽  
Zefeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background Concern has been expressed by some that sodium reduction could lead to increased prevalence of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia for specific population subgroups. Current concentrations of serum sodium and potassium in the US population can help address this concern. Methods We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016 to examine mean and selected percentiles of serum sodium and potassium by sex and age group among 25 520 US participants aged 12 years or older. Logistic regression models with predicted residuals were used to examine the age-adjusted prevalence of low serum sodium and high serum potassium among adults aged 20 or older by selected sociodemographic characteristics and by health conditions or medication use. Results The distributions of serum sodium and potassium concentrations were within normal reference intervals overall and across Dietary Reference Intake life-stage groups, with a few exceptions. Overall, 2% of US adults had low serum sodium (&lt;135 mmol/L) and 0.6% had high serum potassium (&gt;5 mmol/L). Prevalence of low serum sodium and high serum potassium was higher among adults aged 71 or older (4.7 and 2.0%, respectively) and among adults with chronic kidney disease (3.4 and 1.9%), diabetes (5.0 and 1.1%), or using certain medications (which varied by condition), adjusted for age; whereas, prevalence was &lt;1% among adults without these conditions or medications. Conclusions Most of the US population has normal serum sodium and potassium concentrations; these data describe population subgroups at higher risk of low serum sodium and high serum potassium and can inform clinical care.

scholarly journals Serum chemistry and electrolyte alterations in sled dogs before and after a 1600 km race: dietary sodium and hyponatraemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Ermon ◽  
Molly Yazwinski ◽  
Justin G. Milizio ◽  
Joseph J. Wakshlag
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractSled dogs are known to develop numerous serum biochemical changes due to endurance exercise. Previous studies have suggested that mild hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia can develop during endurance racing. The aim of the present study was to determine if serum biochemical alterations are similar to previous reports, and if electrolyte alterations are still present with present feeding practices utilised by mushers. Serum chemistries were obtained from 26 Alaskan Huskies belonging to 3 different teams, before and after a 1600 km race. Meals and snacks were analysed via calculation to determine daily macronutrient and electrolyte intake. Numerous biochemical alterations were observed including significant differences in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, TAG, NEFA and urea nitrogen (P < 0·05). Serum electrolyte status revealed a mild, yet significant decrease in serum sodium (P = 0·002); and serum potassium was not significantly different (P = 0·566). Further examination of the sodium intake across the three teams revealed two teams with an average daily intake of approximately 8·5 g/dog/d (700 mg/4184 kJ) and the other team consuming 11·1 g/dog/d (1200 mg/4184 kJ). Regression analysis shows a significant modest positive correlation between serum sodium decrease and sodium intake per metabolic body weight of the dogs, as well as a modest positive correlation between sodium intake and serum potassium implicating the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system as a major factor involved in sodium and potassium homoeostasis. These findings suggest that consumption of approximately 0·9 g/kg0·75 (1·2 g/4184 kJ) of sodium per d may prevent exercise-induced decreases in sodium and potassium.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake in Hungarian Elderly: Results from the Cross-Sectional Biomarker2019 Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8806
Author(s):  
Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy ◽  
Andrea Horváth ◽  
Anita Varga ◽  
Leonóra Zámbó ◽  
Andrea Török ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

High sodium intake and inadequate potassium intake are associated with high blood pressure. The elderly are more salt sensitive than other age groups, yet a reliable estimate of the dietary sodium and potassium intake of this age group in Hungary is unavailable. The study aimed to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes in the Hungarian elderly from 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion. In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected from patients of general practitioners practicing in western Hungary. The participants comprised 99 men and 90 women (mean age 67.1 (SD 5.4] years) who participated in the Biomarker2019 survey and returned a complete 24 h urine collection. We assessed dietary sodium and potassium by determining 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretions and 3-day dietary records. The mean urinary sodium was 188.8 (73.5) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 11.0 g of salt/day; and the mean urinary potassium was 65.8 (24.3) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 3.03 g of potassium/day, after adjusting for non-urinary potassium losses. Only 7% of the subjects met the World Health Organization’s recommended target of less than 5 g of salt/day, and 33% consumed at least the recommended potassium amount of 3.5 g/day, based on the estimates from 24 h urine excretion. For most elderly, sodium intake exceeds, and potassium does not reach, dietary recommendations. The results underline the need to intensify salt reduction efforts in Hungary.

Abstract P023: Relationship Between TNF-α And SBP In The Baseline Cohort Of The Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Sodium Trial

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Farhan ◽  
Elizabeth D Drugge ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Lesley Graham ◽  
Shoujin Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Hypertension (HTN) is a leading global noncommunicable cause of mortality and dietary salt is the most common modifiable risk factor for HTN. Evidence suggests that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) modulates mechanisms that may contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHT). We conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline cohort of the DASH-Sodium trial, to explore the relationship between TNF-α and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in subjects categorized by race, sex, and baseline blood pressure. Urinary TNF-α levels adjusted for creatinine (pg/mg) were measured in (91%) (374 of 412) subjects ingesting high salt (150 mmol) and control diet for 2 weeks prior to randomization. Descriptive analyses were used to determine the sample prevalence of demographic, laboratory, and outcome variables, and bivariate analyses were used to check for highly correlated variables. Robust multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the association of TNF-α and SBP with and without covariates, p < 0.05. SBP, urinary sodium and potassium adjusted for creatinine, and 24-hour urine volume were positively associated with TNF-α, whereas African American, male, and increasing waist circumference exhibited negative associations with TNF-α, p < 0.05. Predicted TNF-α increased from 22.7 (19.3,26.8) to 33.2 (26.9,41.0) pg/mg with increasing SBP (100 to 180 mm Hg). TNF-α was 25.4 (23.7, 27.1) pg/mg for AA vs. 28.9 (27.2, 30.8) pg/mg for non-AA, and 24.2 (22.6, 25.9) for males vs. (27.3, 30.7) pg/mg for females, respectively. TNF-α increased from 22.3 (20.3, 24.5) to 46.8 (36.1, 60.7) pg/mg as urinary potassium increased from 10 to 100 mg/g, and from 22.7 (20.3, 25.5) to 33.1 (29.0, 37.8) pg/mg as urinary sodium increased from 10 to 250 mg/g. There was a statistically significant interaction between urinary sodium and potassium: TNFα increased to a greater extent with increasing urinary potassium at a lower level of urinary sodium (-1 SD),16.7 (14.0, 20.2) to 38.1 (31.3, 47.3) pg/mg compared to that at higher urinary sodium levels (+1SD), 24.4 (21.0, 28.4) to 35.2 (30.9, 40.1) pg/mg. These results suggest that TNF-α may regulate ion transport mechanisms that contribute to differences in potassium handling and changes in sodium and potassium excretion observed in SSHT.

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