scholarly journals Serum chemistry and electrolyte alterations in sled dogs before and after a 1600 km race: dietary sodium and hyponatraemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Ermon ◽  
Molly Yazwinski ◽  
Justin G. Milizio ◽  
Joseph J. Wakshlag
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractSled dogs are known to develop numerous serum biochemical changes due to endurance exercise. Previous studies have suggested that mild hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia can develop during endurance racing. The aim of the present study was to determine if serum biochemical alterations are similar to previous reports, and if electrolyte alterations are still present with present feeding practices utilised by mushers. Serum chemistries were obtained from 26 Alaskan Huskies belonging to 3 different teams, before and after a 1600 km race. Meals and snacks were analysed via calculation to determine daily macronutrient and electrolyte intake. Numerous biochemical alterations were observed including significant differences in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, TAG, NEFA and urea nitrogen (P < 0·05). Serum electrolyte status revealed a mild, yet significant decrease in serum sodium (P = 0·002); and serum potassium was not significantly different (P = 0·566). Further examination of the sodium intake across the three teams revealed two teams with an average daily intake of approximately 8·5 g/dog/d (700 mg/4184 kJ) and the other team consuming 11·1 g/dog/d (1200 mg/4184 kJ). Regression analysis shows a significant modest positive correlation between serum sodium decrease and sodium intake per metabolic body weight of the dogs, as well as a modest positive correlation between sodium intake and serum potassium implicating the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system as a major factor involved in sodium and potassium homoeostasis. These findings suggest that consumption of approximately 0·9 g/kg0·75 (1·2 g/4184 kJ) of sodium per d may prevent exercise-induced decreases in sodium and potassium.

EFFECT OF ALDOSTERONE IN A CASE OF HYPOALDOSTERONISM

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt Hökfelt ◽  
Bengt Skanse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Original Diagnosis ◽  
Body Weight Increase

ABSTRACT A patient previously described by the present authors as having selective hypoaldosteronism has been studied more extensively with special reference to the effect of aldosterone. Additional evidence has also been obtained in support of the original diagnosis of selective hypoaldosteronism. With the patient on a constant sodium intake, aldosterone intramuscularly or intravenously in a dose of 500 to 1000 μg a day was followed by retention of sodium and chloride, gain in body weight, increase in systolic blood pressure, and a rise in the serum sodium. Potassium excretion was increased throughout the period of aldosterone administration. The serum potassium showed a slight decrease. Similar effects were noted on administration of fluorohydrocortisone.

Effect of Histamine on Electrocardiograms and Serum Electrolytes of Intact, Cortisone-Treated and Adrenalectomized Hamsters

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick N. Sudak ◽  
Leland C. Wyman ◽  
George P. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
S Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Following toxic doses of histamine in golden hamsters there was progressively increasing bradycardia in those which died and a compensatory tachycardia in survivors. The T wave of the EKG increased, especially in those animals which succumbed, and decreased as terminus approached. Except for terminal lowering there were no striking changes in the P wave. Other changes were occasional Q waves, lowered R waves and deeper S waves, and impaired conduction. Pretreatment of intact hamsters with 12 daily doses of cortisone acetate lowered both serum sodium and potassium. Hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia were present terminally in intact hamsters dying from histamine intoxication. Pretreatment with cortisone tended to alleviate these changes but did not entirely prevent the terminal rise in serum potassium. Adrenalectomized hamsters exhibited hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia, both becoming greater as death approached. Maintenance therapy with cortisone did not restore a normal serum sodium but did reduce serum potassium to normal or below. Adrenalectomized hamsters poisoned by small doses of histamine had EKG and serum electrolyte changes similar to those dying from adrenal insufficiency. Replacement therapy prevented these changes.

Plasma chemistry before and after two consecutive days of racing in sled dogs: associations between muscle damage and electrolyte status

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Frank ◽  
S. Mann ◽  
J. Johnson ◽  
C. Levine ◽  
R. Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Plasma Chemistry ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Biochemistry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strong Negative Association ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Exercising long distance endurance sled dogs display plasma biochemistry changes characterised by elevations in creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hypoproteinemia, hypoglobulinemia and decreases in sodium and potassium. The aim of this study was to compare resting to day 2 racing plasma biochemistry and associations between electrolytes and markers of muscle damage in well-conditioned sled dogs during a stage-stop race. Blood samples were obtained from 23 dogs prior to the start and on day 2, immediately after racing. Results showed significant decreases in potassium (day 0 – 4.7±0.3 and day 2 – 4.2±0.3 mEq/l), total protein (day 0 – 6.0±0.3 and day 2 – 5.5±0.4 g/dl) and albumin concentrations (day 0 – 3.9±0.2 and day 2 – 3.6±0.3 g/dl). Increases in AST (day 0 – 24±7 and day 2 – 137±97 U/l) and CK activities (day 0 – 129±39 and day 2 – 2,047±2,021 U/l) were also observed. Plasma sodium concentrations were not significantly different after day 2 of racing (day 0 – 153±5.2 and day 2 – 151±4.1). Alterations in plasma electrolytes, and increases in AST, CK, alanine aminotransferase and urea nitrogen were similar to those observed in long distance endurance sled dogs. A strong negative association was observed between plasma potassium and increases in plasma CK activity on day 2 (R2=0.69). The maintenance of sodium concentrations with a concurrent potassium decline, suggests sodium conservation via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway as previously shown in endurance sled dogs. The negative correlation between muscle damage and plasma potassium warrants further investigation regarding its relationship to rhabdomyolysis.

Serum Sodium and Potassium Distribution and Characteristics in the US Population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J Overwyk ◽  
Christine M Pfeiffer ◽  
Renee J Storandt ◽  
Lixia Zhao ◽  
Zefeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background Concern has been expressed by some that sodium reduction could lead to increased prevalence of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia for specific population subgroups. Current concentrations of serum sodium and potassium in the US population can help address this concern. Methods We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016 to examine mean and selected percentiles of serum sodium and potassium by sex and age group among 25 520 US participants aged 12 years or older. Logistic regression models with predicted residuals were used to examine the age-adjusted prevalence of low serum sodium and high serum potassium among adults aged 20 or older by selected sociodemographic characteristics and by health conditions or medication use. Results The distributions of serum sodium and potassium concentrations were within normal reference intervals overall and across Dietary Reference Intake life-stage groups, with a few exceptions. Overall, 2% of US adults had low serum sodium (&lt;135 mmol/L) and 0.6% had high serum potassium (&gt;5 mmol/L). Prevalence of low serum sodium and high serum potassium was higher among adults aged 71 or older (4.7 and 2.0%, respectively) and among adults with chronic kidney disease (3.4 and 1.9%), diabetes (5.0 and 1.1%), or using certain medications (which varied by condition), adjusted for age; whereas, prevalence was &lt;1% among adults without these conditions or medications. Conclusions Most of the US population has normal serum sodium and potassium concentrations; these data describe population subgroups at higher risk of low serum sodium and high serum potassium and can inform clinical care.

Abstract 295: Serum Sodium-Potassium ratio as a predictor of long-term Heart Failure morbidity.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimalum R Okafor ◽  
Minaba Wariboko ◽  
Oseni Abdullahi ◽  
Oluwole Olurunkemi ◽  
Douglas Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Background: Electrolyte abnormalities particularly hyponatremia and hypokalemia are known to be associated with poorer outcomes in heart failure (HF). Some other studies have also suggested that the Sodium-Potassium ratio (Na/K) could serve as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, most of these studies relate mainly to the intake of the electrolytes as opposed to the serum concentrations, suggesting that decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake could reduce CVD risk. Less is known about the relationship between the serum Na/K ratio and outcomes in HF. Given that serum electrolytes are routinely monitored during HF management in the hospital, we sought to retrospectively examine any prognostic impact of the admission and discharge Sodium-Potassium ratios on outcomes. Methods: Outcomes (HF admissions, Length of stay & cardiac admissions, non-cardiac admissions, and emergency room visits) were assessed for 331 HF patients from the Meharry Heart Failure Registry- a comprehensive retrospective HF database comprised of patient care data from January 2006 to December 2008. The database population consists of 72% African-American (AA), 19% Caucasian, and 9% other. The mean age of the cohort is 61 years (age range of 25-98) 37% of whom are females. Normal serum sodium and potassium levels were defined per the laboratory standards (i.e. normal serum Sodium range of 135mmol/L-145mmol/L and Potassium 3.5mmol/L-4.5mmol/L respectively). The individual admission and discharge serum Sodium-Potassium ratios were calculated and the relationship with heart failure outcomes determined using the Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Results: Our study showed no significant correlation between admission and or discharge serum Na/K ratio and HF outcomes (P value 0.339 - 0.987 with admission ratios and 0.101 - 0.699 with discharge ratios). These findings were consistent even in subgroup analysis (gender, Preserved versus reduced EF and Age > versus < 60). Conclusions: Our study suggests that there is no relationship between either the admission and or discharge Sodium-Potassium ratio and heart failure morbidity. These findings may be because most of the subjects had normal serum Sodium and Potassium levels therefore minimizing any differences. There is also the inherent biases associated with retrospective studies making it difficult to control for various contributing factors. A larger prospective study might be helpful in elucidating this further.

scholarly journals Daily Intake of Sodium and Potassium Among Diverse US Hispanics/Latinos, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 868-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Elfassy ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Linda Van Horn ◽  
Sonia Angell ◽  
Neil Schneiderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Abstract BACKGROUND High sodium and low potassium consumption are risk factors for hypertension. The objectives of this study were to describe usual daily intake of sodium and potassium among US Hispanics/Latinos of diverse background groups and estimate the proportion meeting guidelines for dietary sodium and potassium intake. METHODS We studied 16,171 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a diverse group of self-identified Hispanics/Latinos aged 18–74 years from 4 US communities. In 2008–2011, all HCHS/SOL participants underwent a standardized examination. Median usual daily intake of dietary sodium and potassium were derived from two 24-hour diet recalls; standard errors and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using boot strap methods. Meeting 2015 US Department of Agriculture guidelines was defined as an intake of <2,300 mg/day of sodium and ≥4,700 mg/day of potassium. RESULTS Among US Hispanics/Latinos, median usual daily intake of sodium was 2,574 mg (95% CI: 2,547, 2,600) among women and 3,747 mg (95% CI: 3,697, 3,796) among men. Median usual daily intake of potassium was 2,069 mg (95% CI: 2,046, 2,092) among women and 2,649 mg (95% CI: 2,615, 2,683) among men. Overall, only 21.3% (95% CI: 20.2%, 22.4%) of the US Hispanic/Latino population met 2015 recommendations for sodium and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4%, 0.8%) for potassium. CONCLUSIONS Among US Hispanics/Latinos intake of sodium is too high and potassium too low. Strategies to reduce sodium intake while simultaneously increasing intake of potassium in this US population are warranted.

scholarly journals Correlation between Serum Sodium and Potassium Levels in Preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Sneha Saha ◽  
Yanglem Ajitkumar Singh ◽  
Sangeeta Naorem ◽  
Racheal Sweet Marbaniang ◽  
Victoria Kshetrimayum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Aims: The aim of this study was to find the correlation between serum sodium and serum potassium with preeclampsia. Study Design: This is a cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, (RIMS), Imphal (Manipur) from September 2016 to August 2018. Methodology: Blood samples of 30 diagnosed patients of preeclampsia and above 18 years of age admitted in the obstetrics antenatal ward of RIMS, Imphal was taken. Samples were analysed for serum sodium and potassium by randox rx imola autoanalyser. The data were analyzed using statistical tools like Chi-square test through SPSS 21.0. Results: Serum sodium levels were high in 63.34%of study group, low levels were seen in 3.33% followed by normal levels in 33.3%of study group. Serum potassium levels were low in 56.6%of study group, normal in 40% and high in 3.33% of study group. There was positive correlation between serum sodium and proteinuria which was statistically significant at P-value <0.01 and negative correlation was seen between serum potassium levels with proteinuria which was statistically significant at P-value 0.04. Conclusion: In this study hypernatremia and hypokalaemia were associated with preeclampsia, and may have important causative role in this syndrome therefore constant monitoring of serum sodium and potassium level in pregnant women may help in early detection, management and prevention of preeclampsia.  

scholarly journals Haematological and serum biochemical values in Norwegian sled dogs before and after competing in a 600 km race

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuva Holt Jahr ◽  
Marte Ekeland Fergestad ◽  
Ola Brynildsrud ◽  
Hege Brun-Hansen ◽  
Ellen Skancke
Keyword(s):  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Biochemical

scholarly journals Aldosterone-Mediated Sodium Retention Is Reflected by the Serum Sodium to Urinary Sodium to (Serum Potassium)2 to Urinary Potassium (SUSPPUP) Index

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Evelien Kanaan ◽  
Matthias Haase ◽  
Oliver Vonend ◽  
Martin Reincke ◽  
Matthias Schott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Aldosterone To Renin Ratio ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Parallel Measurements

The serum sodium to urinary sodium ratio divided by the (serum potassium)2 to urinary potassium ratio (SUSPPUP formula) reflects aldosterone action. We here prospectively investigated into the usefulness of the SUSPPUP ratio as a diagnostic tool in primary hyperaldosteronism. Parallel measurements of serum and urinary sodium and potassium concentrations (given in mmol/L) in the fasting state were done in 225 patients. Of them, 69 were diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA), 102 with essential hypertension (EH), 26 with adrenal insufficiency (AI) and 28 did not suffer from the above-mentioned disorders and were assigned to the reference group (REF). The result of the SUSPPUP formula was highest in the PA group (7.4, 4.2–12.3 L/mmol), followed by EH (3.2, 2.3–4.3 L/mmol), PA after surgery (3.9, 3.0–6.0 L/mmol), REF (3.4 ± 1.4 L/mmol) and AI (2.9 +/− 1.2 L/mmol). The best sensitivity in distinguishing PA from EH was reached by multiplication of the aldosterone to renin-ratio (ARR) with the SUSPPUP formula (92.7% at a cut off > 110 L/mmol), highest specificity was reached by the SUSPPUP determinations (87.2%). The integration of the SUSPPUP ratio into the ARR helps to improve the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism substantially.

Salivary and Serum Biochemical Alterations in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabriela Badita ◽  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Andra Balcangiu Stroescu ◽  
Dan Piperea Sianu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis represents a major health problem worldwide. Approximately 1.4 million people are infected with hepatitis A virus every year, although given that most of the cases evolve asymptomatically the real number could be even higher. At the same time, hepatitis B virus affects up to 30% of the world population and represents one of the main causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is very important to understand the physiopathology of viral hepatitis A and B not only for the diagnosis, but also for the therapeutic protocol. The present research aimed to determine if HAV and HBV can alter serum and salivary levels of total protein and of 2 important electrolytes: calcium and potassium.

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