scholarly journals Relationship between Cortical Bone Thickness and Cancellous Bone Density at Dental Implant Sites in the Jawbone

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Shiuan-Hui Wang ◽  
Yen-Wen Shen ◽  
Lih-Jyh Fuh ◽  
Shin-Lei Peng ◽  
Ming-Tzu Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Anterior Maxilla ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Dental Implant Surgery ◽  
Anterior Mandible

Dental implant surgery is a common treatment for missing teeth. Its survival rate is considerably affected by host bone quality and quantity, which is often assessed prior to surgery through dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Dental CBCT was used in this study to evaluate dental implant sites for (1) differences in and (2) correlations between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness among four regions of the jawbone. In total, 315 dental implant sites (39 in the anterior mandible, 42 in the anterior maxilla, 107 in the posterior mandible, and 127 in the posterior maxilla) were identified in dental CBCT images from 128 patients. All CBCT images were loaded into Mimics 15.0 to measure cancellous bone density (unit: grayscale value (GV) and cortical bone thickness (unit: mm)). Differences among the four regions of the jawbone were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe’s posttest. Pearson coefficients for correlations between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness were also calculated for the four jawbone regions. The results revealed that the mean cancellous bone density was highest in the anterior mandible (722 ± 227 GV), followed by the anterior maxilla (542 ± 208 GV), posterior mandible (535 ± 206 GV), and posterior maxilla (388 ± 206 GV). Cortical bone thickness was highest in the posterior mandible (1.15 ± 0.42 mm), followed by the anterior mandible (1.01 ± 0.32 mm), anterior maxilla (0.89 ± 0.26 mm), and posterior maxilla (0.72 ± 0.19 mm). In the whole jawbone, a weak correlation (r = 0.133, p = 0.041) was detected between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness. Furthermore, except for the anterior maxilla (r = 0.306, p = 0.048), no correlation between the two bone parameters was observed (all p > 0.05). Cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness varies by implant site in the four regions of the jawbone. The cortical and cancellous bone of a jawbone dental implant site should be evaluated individually before surgery.

scholarly journals Can Male Patient’s Age Affect the Cortical Bone Thickness of Jawbone for Dental Implant Placement? A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4284
Author(s):  
Shiuan-Hui Wang ◽  
Yi-Chun Ko ◽  
Ming-Tzu Tsai ◽  
Lih-Jyh Fuh ◽  
Heng-Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Anterior Maxilla ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Dental Implant Surgery ◽  
Anterior Mandible

Dental implants are among the most common treatments for missing teeth. The thickness of the crestal cortical bone at the potential dental implant site is a critical factor affecting the success rate of dental implant surgery. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on female patients, who are at a high risk of osteoporosis, for the discussion of bone quality and quantity at the dental implant site. This study aimed to investigate the effect of male patients’ age on the crestal cortical bone of the jaw at the dental implant site by using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study performed dental CBCT on 84 male patients of various ages to obtain tomograms of 288 dental implant sites at the jawbone (41 sites in the anterior maxilla, 95 in the posterior maxilla, 59 in the anterior mandible, and 93 in the posterior mandible) for measuring the cortical bone thickness. A one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe’s test were performed on the measurement results to compare the cortical bone thickness at implant sites in the four jaw areas. The correlation between male patient age and cortical bone thickness at the dental implant site was determined. The four jaw areas in order of the cortical bone thickness were as follows: posterior mandible (1.07 ± 0.44 mm), anterior mandible (0.99 ± 0.30 mm), anterior maxilla (0.82 ± 0.32 mm), and posterior maxilla (0.71 ± 0.27 mm). Apart from dental implant sites in the anterior and posterior mandibles, no significant correlation was observed between male patients’ age and the cortical bone thickness at the dental implant site.

scholarly journals Measurement of Crestal Cortical Bone Thickness at Implant Site: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Gupta ◽  
Suprabha Rathee ◽  
Jaihans Agarwal ◽  
Renu B Pachar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Anterior Maxilla ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Mandible

ABSTRACT Aim Dental implants have emerged as a new treatment modality for the majority of patients complaining of missing teeth. Bone quantity and bone quality are among various factors which ensure the longevity of dental implant in the patient's mouth. The assessment of cortical bone thickness of the outer layer and the cancellous bone density by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has proved beneficial for the patient. This study aimed at presurgical measurement of crestal bone thickness at various implant sites using CBCT images. Materials and methods This study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics in the year 2015. It included 218 patients who wanted to replace missing teeth. Patients were subjected to CBCT scan using NewTom CBCT machine operating at 120 kVp and 5 mA with a resolution of 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 mm3. New Net Technologies (NNT) software with a slice thickness of 0.1 mm was used in this study. A total of 780 implant sites were identified on images of 218 patients. In all patients, the measurement of crestal bone thickness in the region of implant site was performed with NNT software. The buccolingual measurement of crestal bone was done in cross sections obtained after CBCT. Results Out of 218 patients, males were 110 and females were 108. The difference between gender was nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Out of 780 implant sites, 370 were in the maxilla and 410 were in mandible. The difference was nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Out of 780 implant sites, 210 were in anterior maxilla and 160 were in the posterior maxilla. Totally, 235 sites were in anterior mandible and 175 were in the posterior mandible. The distribution was nonsignificant (p = 0.15). The mean crestal bone thickness in anterior maxilla was 0.82 mm, in posterior maxilla was 0.76 mm, in anterior mandible was 1.08 mm, and in posterior mandible was 1.18 mm. The difference among regions was significant (p = 0.01). Conclusion The highest thickness of cortical bone was observed in posterior mandible followed by anterior mandible, anterior maxilla, and posterior maxilla. Thus, considering the less cortical thickness in the posterior maxillary region, the implant placement should be done with proper attention. Clinical significance Dental implant is the need of the hour. It is beneficial to patients in terms of longer survival rates. With CBCT, all measurements, such as bone quality and quantity have become easy because of three-dimensional nature. This has proved to be beneficial in the analysis of cortical bone thickness as well as measuring the distance from anatomical structures. How to cite this article Gupta A, Rathee S, Agarwal J, Pachar RB. Measurement of Crestal Cortical Bone Thickness at Implant Site: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):785-789.

scholarly journals Bone Density and Cortical Thickness in Normal, Osteopenic, and Osteoporotic Sacra

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Richards ◽  
Nathan W. Coleman ◽  
Trevor A. Knight ◽  
Stephen M. Belkoff ◽  
Simon C. Mears
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Sacral Insufficiency Fractures

It is unclear if a decrease in cancellous bone density or cortical bone thickness is related to sacral insufficiency fractures. We hypothesized that reduction in overall bone density leads to local reductions in bone density and cortical thickness in cadaveric sacra that match clinically observed fracture patterns in patients with sacral insufficiency fractures. We used quantitative computed tomography to measure cancellous density and cortical thickness in multiple areas of normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic sacra. Cancellous bone density was significantly lower in osteoporotic specimens in the central and anterior regions of the sacral ala compared with other regions of these specimens. Cortical thickness decreased uniformly in all regions of osteopenic and osteoporotic specimens. These results support our hypothesis that areas of the sacrum where sacral insufficiency fractures often occur have significantly larger decreases in cancellous bone density; however, they do not support the hypothesis that these areas have local reduction of cortical bone thickness.

scholarly journals POS1092 SUBCHONDRAL BONE NORMALIZATION AFTER KNEE JOINT DISTRACTION TREATMENT AS MEASURED WITH CT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 825.2-826
Author(s):  
M. Jansen ◽  
A. Ooms ◽  
T. D. Turmezei ◽  
J. W. Mackay ◽  
S. Mastbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Density ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Shape Changes

Background:In addition to cartilage degeneration, knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes bone changes, including cortical bone thickening, subchondral bone density decrease, and bone shape changes as a result of widening and flattening condyles and osteophyte formation. Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a joint-preserving treatment for younger (<65 years) knee OA patients that has been shown to reverse OA cartilage degradation. On radiographs, KJD showed a decrease in subchondral bone density and an increase in osteophyte formation. However, these bone changes have never been evaluated with a 3D imaging technique.Objectives:To evaluate cortical bone thickness, subchondral trabecular bone density, and bone shape on CT scans before and one year after KJD treatment.Methods:19 KJD patients were included in an extended imaging protocol, undergoing a CT scan before and one year after treatment. Stradview v6.0 was used for semi-automatic tibia and femur segmentation from axial thin-slice (0.45mm) CT scans. Cortical bone thickness (mm) and trabecular bone density (Hounsfield units, HU) were measured with an automated algorithm. Osteophytes were excluded. Afterwards, wxRegSurf v18 was used for surface registration. Registration data was used for bone shape measurements. MATLAB R2020a and the SurfStat MATLAB package were used for data analysis and visualization. Two-tailed F-tests were used to calculate changes over time. Two separate linear regression models were used to show the influence of baseline Kellgren-Lawrence grade and sex on the changes over time. Statistical significance was calculated with statistical parametric mapping; a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Bone shape changes were explored visually using vertex by vertex displacements between baseline and follow-up. Patients were separated into two groups based on whether their most affected compartment (MAC) was medial or lateral. Only patients with axial CT scans at both time points available for analysis were included for evaluation.Results:3 Patients did not have complete CTs and in 1 patient the imaged femur was too short, leaving 16 patients for tibial analyses and 15 patients for femoral analyses. The MAC was predominantly the medial side (medial MAC n=14; lateral n=2). Before treatment, the MAC cortical bone was compared to the rest of the joint (Figure 1). One year after treatment, MAC cortical thickness decreased, although this decrease of up to approximately 0.25 mm was not statistically significant. The trabecular bone density was also higher before treatment in the MAC, and a decrease was seen throughout the entire joint, although statistically significant only for small areas on mostly the MAC where this decrease was up to approximately 80 HU (Figure 1). Female patients and patients with a higher Kellgren-Lawrence grade showed a somewhat larger decrease in cortical bone thickness. Trabecular density decreased less for patients with a higher Kellgren-Lawrence grade, and female patients showed a higher density decrease interiorly while male patients showed a higher decrease exteriorly. None of this was statistically significant. The central areas of both compartments showed an outward shape change, while the outer ring showed inward changes.Conclusion:MAC cortical bone thickness shows a partial decrease after KJD. Trabecular bone density decreased on both sides of the joint, likely as a direct result of the bicompartmental unloading. For both subchondral bone parameters, MAC values became more similar to the LAC, indicating (partial) subchondral bone normalization in the most affected parts of the joint. The bone shape changes may indicate a reversal of typical OA changes, although the inward difference that was seen on the outer edges may be a result of osteophyte-related changes that might have affected the bone segmentation. In conclusion, KJD treatment shows subchondral bone normalization in the first year after treatment, and longer follow-up might show whether these changes are a temporary result of joint unloading or indicate more prolonged bone changes.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Outlook of short finned implants in the posterior maxilla‐ the role of cortical bone thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (S19) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
Igor Linetskiy ◽  
Vladislav Demenko ◽  
Vitalij Nesvit ◽  
Larysa Linetska ◽  
Oleg Yefremov
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Posterior Maxilla

scholarly journals Growth of cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density in Japanese children

Bone ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 115669
Author(s):  
Etsuko Ozaki ◽  
Mami Matsukawa ◽  
Isao Mano ◽  
Daisuke Matsui ◽  
Yutaro Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Density ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness

scholarly journals Morphological Evaluation of Bone by CT to Determine Primary Stability—Clinical Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Masaaki Takechi ◽  
Yasuki Ishioka ◽  
Yoshiaki Ninomiya ◽  
Shigehiro Ono ◽  
Misato Tada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Morphological Evaluation

Background: Primary stability is an important prognostic factor for dental implant therapy. In the present study, we evaluate the relationship between implant stability evaluation findings by the use of an implant stability quotient (ISQ), an index for primary stability, and a morphological evaluation of bone by preoperative computed tomography (CT). Subjects and methods: We analyzed 98 patients who underwent implant placement surgery in this retrospective study. For all 247 implants, the correlations of the ISQ value with cortical bone thickness, cortical bone CT value, cancellous bone CT value, insertion torque value, implant diameter, and implant length were examined. Results: 1. Factors affecting ISQ values in all cases: It was revealed that there were significant associations between the cortical bone thickness and cancellous bone CT values with ISQ by multiple regression analysis. 2. It was revealed that there was a significant correlation between cortical bone thickness and cancellous bone CT values with ISQ by multiple regression analysis in the upper jaw. 3. It was indicated that there was a significant association between cortical bone thickness and implant diameter with ISQ by multiple regression analysis in the lower jaw. Conclusion: We concluded that analysis of the correlation of the ISQ value with cortical bone thickness and values obtained in preoperative CT imaging were useful preoperative evaluations for obtaining implant stability.

The Effect of the Cortical Bone Thickness on the Stress Distribution in Dental Implants by FEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Dušan Németh ◽  
František Lofaj ◽  
Ján Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Maximum Stresses

The stress distribution in cortical bone and dental implant has been modeled by finite element method (FEM) using linear static analysis in the case of monocortical and bicortical fixation of a real dental implant for three cortical bone thicknesses: 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 4 mm. The analysis revealed that the highest stresses in the cortical bone and in the implant after three-axial loading are localized at the edge of the cortical bone near the implant neck where bending moment is the highest. An increase of the maximum stresses has been observed with the decrease of the intraosseal length of the implant and cortical bone thickness.

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