scholarly journals Post-Mortem Investigations for the Diagnosis of Sepsis: A Review of Literature

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Stassi ◽  
Cristina Mondello ◽  
Gennaro Baldino ◽  
Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Sepsis Diagnosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Forensic Microbiology ◽  
Forensic Tools

To date, sepsis is still one of the most important causes of death due to the difficulties concerning the achievement of a correct diagnosis. As well as in a clinical context, also in a medico-legal setting the diagnosis of sepsis can reveal challenging due to the unspecificity of the signs detected during autopsies, especially when no ante-mortem clinical data, laboratory, and cultural results are available. Thus, a systematic review of literature was performed to provide an overview of the main available and updated forensic tools for the post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis. Moreover, the aim of this review was to evaluate whether a marker or a combination of markers exist, specific enough to allow a correct and definite post-mortem diagnosis. The review was conducted searching in PubMed and Scopus databases, and using variable combinations of the keywords “post mortem sepsis diagnosis”, “macroscopic signs”, “morphology”, “histology”, “immunohistochemical markers”, “biochemical markers”, and “forensic microbiology”. The article selection was carried out following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 44 works was identified, providing data on morphological aspects of the organs examined, histological findings, immunohistochemical and biochemical markers, and cultural assays. The review findings suggested that the post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis can be achieved by a combination of data obtained from macroscopic and microscopic analysis and microbial investigations, associated with the increased levels of at least two of three biochemical and/or immunohistochemical markers evaluated simultaneously on blood samples.

Aspergillus flavus costochondritis following coronary artery bypass grafting: a case report and a brief review of literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 021849232098845
Author(s):  
Aamir Mohammad ◽  
Santhosh Regini Benjamin ◽  
Sameer Mallampati ◽  
Birla Roy Gnanamuthu ◽  
Anne Jennifer Prabhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Sternal Wound Infection ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Sternal Wound Infections

Bacterial sternal wound infections following cardiac surgery are not uncommon. However, sternal wound infection by a fungus is a rarity, and it warrants a correct diagnosis followed by specific treatment. We report a case of Aspergillus sternal wound infection with costochondritis following cardiac surgery, and briefly review the relevant literature.

scholarly journals Aggressive Monophasic Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Small Intestine - A Rare Case Report With Review of Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Shetty K. Padma ◽  
Harish S. Permi ◽  
C.N. Patil ◽  
Michelle Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
Rare Case Report

AbstractSarcomatoid carcinoma occurring in the small intestine is very rare. They can be monophasic or biphasic. We report a rare case of monophasic Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine in a 60 year old male patient. The tumor was an ulceronodular mass involving the ileum circumferentially. The tumor infiltrated the full thickness of the intestinal wall and the serosa of an adjacent loop of ileum. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of sheets of malignant spindle cells. The carcinomatous nature of the tumor was evident only after Immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of malignant spindle cell tumor of small intestine and immunohistochemical stains are required for the correct diagnosis.

Myofibroma of the Gingiva: Report of a Case

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Özveri Koyuncu ◽  
Mert Zeytinoğlu ◽  
Taha Ünal ◽  
Bülent Zeytinoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Solitary Lesion ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasm ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation

Myofibroma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of myofibroblasts which has been described with different synonyms since the first report in 1951. It occurs most commonly as a solitary lesion of soft tissue,skin, or bone in infancy. The prognosis of oral myofibromas is excellent, and surgical excision is curative. Recurrence is rare. Awareness and recognition of this benign tumor is important to establish the correct diagnosis and avoid morbidity of unnecessary aggressive therapy. This report describes a myofibroma of the gingiva in a 14 year old girl and is reported together with the conventional histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. The tumor showed rapid increase in size and clinical features suggestive of malignancy. However, on histopathologic evaluation it was diagnosed as a benign neoplasm, and this diagnosis was supported by immunohistochemical markers. The spindle cells were immunopositive for smooth muscle actin,and vimentin but were negative for desmin and S-100 protein. The patient was treated with surgical excision,and is followed-up for 33 months without any signs of recurrence.

scholarly journals Dutch guideline for clinical foetal-neonatal and paediatric post-mortem radiology, including a review of literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. P. Sonnemans ◽  
◽  
M. E. M. Vester ◽  
E. E. M. Kolsteren ◽  
J. J. H. M. Erwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Mortem ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Dutch Guideline

scholarly journals Searching for highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for sepsis: State-of-the-art in post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis through immunohistochemical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841985522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele La Russa ◽  
Aniello Maiese ◽  
Rocco Valerio Viola ◽  
Alessandra De Matteis ◽  
Enrica Pinchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Late Antigen ◽  
Clinical Records

The autoptical observations commonly ascribed to sepsis deal with unspecific general and local signs of inflammation or ischemia, such as myocardial inflammation, pulmonary edema and infiltration, cerebral swallowing, and tubular necrosis in the kidney. In the two last decades, some studies have been carried out to implement immunohistochemical markers for post-mortem diagnosis. All of these target molecules are specifically up-regulated or down-regulated during systemic inflammatory responses, especially for infective causes. Among these, we found some antigens expressed on leukocyte surfaces (very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), cluster differentiation-15 (CD15)), enzyme contained in neutrophils granules (lysozyme (LZ), lactoferrin (LF)), endothelial markers and junctions (E-selectin, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin)), and soluble factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), procalcitonin (PCT), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (s-TREM-1)). All of these showed potential reliability in differentiating sepsis cases from controls. Further studies are needed to provide a concrete validation for a combination of markers on specific organ samples in order to reach a post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis also in the absence of clinical records.

scholarly journals Conservative Management of Segmental Infarction of the Greater Omentum: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramawad Soobrah ◽  
Mohammad Badran ◽  
Simon G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Greater Omentum ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Segmental Infarction

Segmental omental infarction (SOI) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain. Depending on the site of infarction, it mimics conditions like appendicitis, cholecystitis, and diverticulitis. Before the widespread use of Computed Tomography (CT), the diagnosis was usually made intraoperatively. SOI produces characteristic radiological appearances on CT scan; hence, correct diagnosis using this form of imaging may prevent unnecessary surgery. We present the case of a young woman who was treated conservatively after accurate radiological diagnosis.

scholarly journals High Grade Serous Carcinoma Presenting as a Huge Pelvic Mass with Normal Looking Ovaries: A Diagnostic Challenge for Pathologist

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Walke ◽  
Amrapali Gaikwad ◽  
Madiha Shaikh ◽  
Balwant Kowe
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Specific Symptoms

High-grade serous carcinoma represents 50-60% of all ovarian cancers and is the most common type of malignant surface epithelial tumour. Serous carcinoma is often diagnosed in the sixth and seventh decade, while the mean age for high-grade tumours is 63 year. It’s not only the non-specific symptoms like vague abdominal pain, nausea, gastrointestinal disturbances, but also the unusual presentation which is responsible for delayed diagnosis. This diagnostic delay can become the reason for increased mortality, despite advances in surgical management and chemotherapy. Here, authors discuss a case of 60-year-old postmenopausal women who presented with a huge pelvi-peritoneal mass and with grossly normal ovaries. Considering clinical findings and histomorphology, the possibility of malignant mesothelioma was considered as the first differential diagnosis; however extensive sampling of ovaries and supportive immunohistochemical markers helped us to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. The present case emphasises the importance of extensive tissue sampling and ancillary techniques in arriving at a correct diagnosis.

scholarly journals Borderline ovarian tumour of mixed seromucinous histology and bilateral presentation: a case report and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Monika Anant ◽  
Sutapan Samanta ◽  
Ruchi Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Borderline Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Bilateral Presentation ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Ovarian Masses

This article reports the case of a 40 year old woman who presented to the gynaecologic outpatient clinic with pain lower abdomen and an abdominopelvic lump. Clinical assessment, biochemical and radiological investigations revealed bilateral complex ovarian masses. Surgical exploration and histology of ovarian masses confirmed a rare bilateral borderline seromucinous cystadenoma. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of thorough examination of women with symptoms of ovarian tumour which can be vague and to emphasize the necessity of a good collaboration between various medical specialties (primary physician/gynaecologist, oncosurgeon, radiologist and histopathologist) for correct diagnosis, optimum care and best outcome. This article also provides overview of the pathology and biology of borderline ovarian tumours, diagnosis, principles of surgical management and to appreciate the value of follow up.

scholarly journals Morphological description of the male genital organs of Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais & d’Orbigny, 1844)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bizarre Randi ◽  
Lucas Guedes Spinelli ◽  
Renata de Britto Mari ◽  
Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani ◽  
Carolina Pacheco Bertozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
Reproductive Apparatus ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Male Genital

AbstractPontoporia blainvillei or Franciscana is a small cetacean endemic of South Atlantic Ocean and its highlighted as the most endangered species. Despite the necessity to development conservation strategies for Pontoporia blainvillei studies aiming to feature the reproductive biology and morphological characteristics of the genital organs are still scarce. In this context, the aim of this study was describe the morphological aspects of the genital organs of Pontoporia blainvillei. For this purpose, six male specimens of P. blainvillei stranded on the southeast region of Brazil, were used. Initially animals were measured, and the genital organs were collected, dissected and photodocumented. Then, fragments of all collected organs were submitted to microscopic analysis. The male genital organs of P. blainvillei showed similar results described for other cetaceans, such as, topography in abdominal cavity, presence of two testicles with epididymis, fibroelastic penis with sigmoid shape and presence of deferent duct. Moreover, a male uterus non-functional, two vestigial bones that support the penis, one retractor penis muscle and presence of associated muscles that support the entire reproductive apparatus were observed. However, some differences were present, such as, a simple cubic epithelium in the light of the epididymis, a small testicle even in sexually mature animals and absence of prostate, not previously observed in other cetaceans. Therefore, the animals analyzed showed similar features to other cetaceans, however some peculiarities were observed.

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