scholarly journals Changes in Salivary Amylase and Glucose in Diabetes: A Scoping Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Pilar Pérez-Ros ◽  
Emmanuel Navarro-Flores ◽  
Ivan Julián-Rochina ◽  
Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Saliva Collection

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common long-term disease which can be related with salivary amylase levels. DM has recently been associated with salivary amylase diagnostics that could further impair diagnoses in the diabetic population, as well as being an interesting alternative to traditional methods of determine glucose levels. The main advantage of this method is related to the fact that it is a fast diagnostic method. The DM population experiences changes to their metabolism which affects their salivary parameters, making this an alternative procedure for diagnosis and follow-up of the illness due to the non-invasive nature of salivary analyzes. The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding the changes in salivary amylase and glucose levels, and their relationship with blood markers of glycemic control used in clinical settings such as blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The differences in salivary amylase levels depending on the method of saliva collection under fasting or non-fasting conditions. The changes in salivary amylase depends on the type of diabetes, the type of insulin treatment or the quality of glycemic control. Conclusions: Salivary amylase concentration is increased in diabetic patients in most of the studies and salivary glucose concentration in all studies in both fasting and non-fasting (post-prandial) conditions. Salivary amylase and glucose concentration represent potential non-invasive biomarkers to evaluate glycemic control and clinical management of diabetic patients, although it is necessary to evaluate the influence of potential modulating factors such as age, duration diseases, sex and the effects of pharmacological treatments in these outcomes which remained to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Fibrinolytic activity is highly influenced by long-term glycemic control in Type 1 diabetic patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SELJEFLOT ◽  
J. R. LARSEN ◽  
K. DAHL-JORGENSEN ◽  
K. F. HANSSEN ◽  
H. ARNESEN
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

scholarly journals Salivary proteomics in monitoring the therapeutic response of canine oral melanoma

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256167
Author(s):  
Sekkarin Ploypetch ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Janthima Jaresitthikunchai ◽  
Narumon Phaonakrop ◽  
Patharakrit Teewasutrakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oral Melanoma ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
Short Term Survival

Saliva biomarkers are suitable for monitoring the therapeutic response of canine oral melanoma (COM), because saliva directly contacts the tumor, and saliva collection is non-invasive, convenient and cost effective. The present study aimed to investigate novel biomarkers from the salivary proteome of COM treated with surgery and a chemotherapy drug, carboplatin, 1–6 times, using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry approach. The expression of a potential salivary biomarker, ubiquitin D (UBD), was observed and verified by western blot analysis. A significantly increased ratio of free UBD (fUBD) to conjugated UBD (cUBD) was shown in the pre-surgery stage (PreS) in OM dogs with short-term survival (STS) (less than 12 months after surgery) compared with that with long-term survival (more than 12 months after surgery). In dogs with STS, the ratio was also shown to be augmented in PreS compared with that after surgery, followed by treatment with carboplatin twice, 4 and 5 times [After treatment (AT)2, AT4 and AT5]. In addition, the expression of fUBD was enhanced in PreS compared with that of AT2 in the STS group. In conclusion, this study revealed that a ratio of fUBD to cUBD in PreS was plausibly shown to be a potential prognostic biomarker for survival in dogs with OM.

scholarly journals Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Uma Maheswara R. Golamari ◽  
Meenakshi Sundari Subramaniyan Natarajan ◽  
Annam Lakshmanan ◽  
Rajeswari K. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Strong Positive Association

Background:  The aim of this study was to determine as well as to compare the salivary glucose levels in the diabetic and non-diabetic population and correlate the values with their fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (glycated Haemoglobin) levels. Many researchers have proposed the possibility of using salivary glucose estimation for screening and monitoring of effect in general population and in resource poor settings. But studies on this subject in Indian population are limited.Methods: The current study was an analytical cross sectional study of a group of 100 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, SRM medical college hospital. The mean difference in the salivary glucose between diabetic and non-diabetic population was compared using unpaired t-test.Results: There was a strong positive association between FBS (fasting blood sugar) and salivary glucose in the overall population. There was a strong positive correlation between FBS and Salivary glucose in FBS <200. There was a moderate positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value between 200 to 300 mg/dl. There was a weak positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value >300 mg/dl, which was statistically not significant. There was a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and salivary glucose in the overall population.Conclusions: There appears to be a strong positive association between fasting blood sugar and salivary glucose value in both study groups. But the correlation seems to be relatively weak in fasting blood sugar range above 300 mg/dl. Considering this positive association, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of utilizing salivary glucose for monitoring glycemic control.

scholarly journals The effect of short-term intensive insulin therapy in newly-diagnosed Type-2 diabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Karacaer ◽  
Taner Demirci ◽  
Hasret Cengiz ◽  
Ceyhun Varim ◽  
Ali Tamer
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Intensive Insulin Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Objectives: We aimed to determine the effect of short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) on long-term glycemic control in newly-diagnosed Type-2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM) patients. Methods: In this retrospectively study conducted at Sakarya University Medical Faculty Training and Research Hospital Outpatient Clinic between 2016 and 2019, 65 nT2DM patients were enrolled soon after their SIIT was initiated and were followed for at least a year. Intensive insulin treatment was discontinued after three or 12 months in a total of 65 (23–73-year-old) patients who had been newly diagnosed with T2DM. Intensive insulin therapy was discontinued when glycemic control and the target Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level had been attained, after which oral anti-diabetic drug (OAD), long-term insulin, and diet therapies were pursued. Results: There was a significant decrease in mean HbA1c from 11.25±1.96% to 6.67±1.07%. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was found to be an independent predictor of whether intensive insulin therapy could be discontinued after three months in a model that included FPG, HbA1c, and body mass index measured at baseline. Patients with FPG >13.8 mmol/L were 7.6 times more likely to require intensive insulin therapy beyond three months. There were significant decreases in HbA1c and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration, but no change in C-peptide between baseline and 3 months of therapy. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that in nT2DM patients, intensive insulin therapy could be effective on long-term glycemic control and high FPG prior to three months of SIIT may predict poor long-term glycemic control. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4013 How to cite this:Karacaer C, Demirci T, Cengiz H, Varim C, Tamer A. The effect of short-term intensive insulin therapy in newly-diagnosed Type-2 diabetic patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4013 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Hypoglycemia in Elderly Diabetic Patients with Good Glycemic Control attending Cardiology Out Patient Department of a Superspeciality Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Mittal ◽  
Purushottam Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Objective-Clinical trials and observational studies have provided good evidence that early glycemic control leads to a reduction in complications and improved survival in diabetics. However, elevated risk of mortality has been reported at both the lower and upper ends of long-term glucose levels. Fear of hypoglycemia has been a significant factor in suboptimal glycemic control. In this retrospective analysis we aimed to identify the incidence of hypoglycemia and their precipitating factors in elderly diabetics on good glycemic control. Material and methods- Ninety seven elderly diabetic patients attending the cardiology Out-Patients Department of a super speciality private sector hospital from 1 December 2017 to 30 November 2018 were studied retrospectively. Their demographic profile, co-morbidities and pharmacological profile were recorded. Incidence of hypoglycemic episodes and their precipitating factor were then analyzed. Result-Mean age was 71.7± 6.3 years, and 64 (66%) were male. Mean duration of diabetes was 7.3± 1.3 years. All patients had type II diabetes mellitus. Mean fasting and random capillary blood glucose levels were 116.5 ±8.7 mg/dl and 169.5±13.5mg/dl, respectively. Mean HbA1c levels of the study population was 6.8±1.14. Over the study period, 23 (23.7%) patients experienced 39 episodes of any level of hypoglycemia. HbA1c Levels in the hypoglycemia group were not significantly different from those in no-hyperglycemia group (6.85±1.13 vs. 6.63±1.04). Mean random plasma glucose values were slightly higher in no-hypoglycemia group (170.9±14.5 vs 164.9±14.9), but the difference did not reach the statistical significance. There was a markedly significant difference in mean fasting plasma glucose values between hypoglycemia and no-hypoglycemia group (101.8±8.9 vs 116.5±12.7). Sulphonylurea and insulin use was more frequent in patients experiencing hypoglycemia (9.6% and 52.2% respectively) as compared with no-hypoglycemia group (33.8% and 39.1% respectively). The most common preceding event was either skipping a meal in 12(30.8%) patients or an unplanned change in diet in 23% patients. Conclusion- Patients with longstanding diabetes and loss of warning symptoms have increased risk of severe hypoglycaemic episodes. Risk of the hypoglycemic episode is better correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels and glycemic variability rather than with HbA1c Level. Sulphonylurea drug use was the only group associated with a statistically significant risk of hypoglycemia. Skipping of a meal or a sudden change in the diet and alteration in antidiabetic drug regimen are the most important precipitating factors for hypoglycemia.

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